{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:00:47Z","timestamp":1789207247625,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["647426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["022.005.018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["022.005.018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022115","name":"Dutch Arthritis Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO-14-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-14-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022115","name":"Dutch Arthritis Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LLP-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LLP-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022115","name":"Dutch Arthritis Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LLP-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LLP-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T12:27:30Z","timestamp":1660825650000},"page":"104979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Human adult, pediatric and microtia auricular cartilage harbor fibronectin-adhering progenitor cells with regenerative ear reconstruction potential"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris A.","family":"Otto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina Nu\u00f1ez","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4453-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margot","family":"Rikkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattie H.P.","family":"van Rijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneloes","family":"Mensinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moshe","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3587-7489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corstiaan C.","family":"Breugem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3795-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Levato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9241-7676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos","family":"Malda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.062158","article-title":"Genetics of microtia and associated syndromes","volume":"46","author":"Alasti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20269","article-title":"Identification of mesenchymal progenitor cells in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage","volume":"50","author":"Alsalameh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031402200102","article-title":"Auricular reconstruction for microtia: a review of available methods","volume":"22","author":"Baluch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181aa0e79","article-title":"Reconstruction of microtia","volume":"124","author":"Bauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001400","article-title":"Tissue engineering auricular cartilage using late passage human auricular chondrocytes","volume":"80","author":"Bernstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2011.0326","article-title":"The tissue-engineered auricle: past, present, and future","volume":"18","author":"Bichara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2013.0150","article-title":"Successful creation of tissue-engineered autologous auricular cartilage in an immunocompetent large animal model","volume":"20","author":"Bichara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-015-0481-0","article-title":"Chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells by in\u00a0vivo co-graft with auricular chondrocytes from microtia","volume":"39","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000168761.46700.dc","article-title":"Clinical outcome of 285 Medpor grafts used for craniofacial reconstruction","volume":"16","author":"Cenzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130413","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0413","article-title":"Design of composite scaffolds and three-dimensional shape analysis for tissue-engineered ear","volume":"10","author":"Cervantes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.2665","article-title":"Effects of auricular chondrocyte expansion on neocartilage formation in photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid networks","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.03.013","article-title":"Tissue engineering and cartilage regeneration for auricular reconstruction","volume":"70","author":"Ciorba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0202356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202356","article-title":"Tissue engineering the human auricle by auricular chondrocyte-mesenchymal stem cell co-implantation","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-108-6_5","article-title":"Assessment of cell proliferation with resazurin-based fluorescent dye","volume":"740","author":"Czekanska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811419092","article-title":"Analysis of human auricular cartilage to guide tissue-engineered nanofiber-based chondrogenesis: implications for microtia reconstruction","volume":"145","author":"Dahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00912","article-title":"The surface of articular cartilage contains a progenitor cell population","volume":"117","author":"Dowthwaite","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib24","first-page":"23","article-title":"Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"28","author":"Gardner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2009.0712","article-title":"Modulating endochondral ossification of multipotent stromal cells for bone regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Gawlitta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2013.0159","article-title":"Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilage","volume":"20","author":"Giardini-Rosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1688-1","article-title":"Biomechanical characterisation of the human auricular cartilages; implications for tissue engineering","volume":"44","author":"Griffin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib28","first-page":"e1737","article-title":"Chondrocytes from congenital microtia possess an inferior capacity for in\u00a0vivo cartilage regeneration to healthy ear chondrocytes","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X539119","article-title":"Differences in cartilage-forming capacity of expanded human chondrocytes from ear and nose and their gene expression profiles","volume":"20","author":"Hellingman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.129730","article-title":"Effects of serial expansion of septal chondrocytes on tissue-engineered neocartilage composition","volume":"127","author":"Homicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000155284.96308.32","article-title":"Psychosocial outcome of patients after ear reconstruction: a retrospective study of 62 patients","volume":"54","author":"Horlock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib33","series-title":"Handbook of Biometrics","first-page":"131","article-title":"The ear as a biometric","author":"Hurley","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.03.021","article-title":"Stem cell genes are poorly expressed in chondrocytes from microtic cartilage","volume":"75","author":"Ishak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.06.034","article-title":"The formation of human auricular cartilage from microtic tissue: An in\u00a0vivo study","volume":"79","author":"Ishak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2015.1040547","article-title":"Potential benefits and limitations of utilizing chondroprogenitors in cell-based cartilage therapy","volume":"56","author":"Jayasuriya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0273-0","article-title":"Combining regenerative medicine strategies to provide durable reconstructive options: auricular cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"7","author":"Jessop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01663-1","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of nasoseptal cartilage stem\/progenitor cells and their role in the chondrogenic niche","volume":"11","author":"Jessop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.12.019","article-title":"Pre and post-operative psychological functioning in younger and older children with microtia","volume":"68","author":"Johns","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00017","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro tissue engineering to generate a human-sized auricle and nasal tip","volume":"113","author":"Kamil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000149455.68135.de","article-title":"Microtia chondrocytes as a donor source for tissue-engineered cartilage","volume":"114","author":"Kamil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.03.019","article-title":"Effects of co-culturing BMSCs and auricular chondrocytes on the elastic modulus and hypertrophy of tissue engineered cartilage","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3413","article-title":"A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue constructs with structural integrity","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27344","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed elastic auricular scaffolds: a pilot study","volume":"129","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.01.002","article-title":"Gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogels: towards biofabrication-based tissue repair","volume":"34","author":"Klotz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20958","article-title":"Regulation of osteoblast differentiation by transcription factors","volume":"99","author":"Komori","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000198005.88568.df","article-title":"Cartilage tissue engineering: its potential and uses","volume":"18","author":"Kuo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2008.00451.x","article-title":"Tissue engineering a model for the human ear: assessment of size, shape, morphology, and gene expression following seeding of different chondrocytes","volume":"17","author":"Kusuhara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493529","article-title":"Tissue engineering","volume":"260","author":"Langer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20060233","article-title":"Comparison of articular cartilage with costal cartilage in initial cell yield, degree of dedifferentiation during expansion and redifferentiation capacity","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.08.005","article-title":"The bio in the ink: cartilage regeneration with bioprintable hydrogels and articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells","volume":"61","author":"Levato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.10.005","article-title":"A biomimetic extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering centered on photocurable gelatin, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate","volume":"10","author":"Levett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.08.052","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo ectopic chondrogenesis of BMSCs directed by mature chondrocytes","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34352","article-title":"Microtia: epidemiology and genetics","volume":"158A","author":"Luquetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371907","article-title":"Auricular reconstruction: surgical innovations, training methods, and an attempt for a look forward","volume":"30","author":"Magritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/107632702760240490","article-title":"Serum-free medium supplemented with high-concentration FGF2 for cell expansion culture of human ear chondrocytes promotes redifferentiation capacity","volume":"8","author":"Mandl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2004.06.004","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-2 in serum-free medium is a potent mitogen and reduces dedifferentiation of human ear chondrocytes in monolayer culture","volume":"23","author":"Mandl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2000.0366","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of gene expression in human articular cartilage from normal and osteoarthritic joints","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb21280g","article-title":"Development and characterisation of a new bioink for additive tissue manufacturing","volume":"2","author":"Melchels","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035004","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/8\/3\/035004","article-title":"Hydrogel-based reinforcement of 3D bioprinted constructs","volume":"8","author":"Melchels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-016-9574-5","article-title":"Characterization of pediatric microtia cartilage: a reservoir of chondrocytes for auricular reconstruction using tissue engineering strategies","volume":"17","author":"Melgarejo-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3233(05)70013-9","article-title":"Elastin","volume":"70","author":"Mithieux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23370","article-title":"Functional characterization of hypertrophy in chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"58","author":"Mueller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib66","first-page":"369","article-title":"Review: auricular chondrocytes - from benchwork to clinical applications","volume":"23","author":"Nabzdyk","year":"2009","journal-title":"In\u00a0Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003201","article-title":"Long-term comparison between human normal conchal and microtia chondrocytes regenerated by tissue engineering on nanofiber polyglycolic acid scaffolds","volume":"139","author":"Nakao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31824a2c1c","article-title":"Tissue engineering: revolution and challenge in auricular cartilage reconstruction","volume":"129","author":"Nayyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2013.0117","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of mechanical properties in tissue-engineered auricular cartilage","volume":"20","author":"Nimeskern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.05.019","article-title":"Mechanical and biochemical mapping of human auricular cartilage for reliable assessment of tissue-engineered constructs","volume":"48","author":"Nimeskern","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032001","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/7\/3\/032001","article-title":"Auricular reconstruction using biofabrication-based tissue engineering strategies","volume":"7","author":"Otto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v035a10","article-title":"Progenitor cells in auricular cartilage demonstrate cartilage-forming capacity in 3D hydrogel culture","volume":"35","author":"Otto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Cell. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2236","article-title":"The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue","volume":"8","author":"Pampaloni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182a2eb56","article-title":"Biochemical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage","volume":"25","author":"Pappa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879837","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1879837","article-title":"Applications of chondrocyte-based cartilage engineering: an overview","volume":"2016","author":"Phull","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001812","article-title":"Cartilage regeneration in the head and neck area: combination of ear or nasal chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells improves cartilage production","volume":"136","author":"Pleumeekers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2015.0173","article-title":"Ear-shaped stable Auricular cartilage engineered from extensively expanded chondrocytes in an immunocompetent experimental animal model","volume":"22","author":"Pomerantseva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129S","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035211059600","article-title":"Progenitor cells in healthy and osteoarthritic human cartilage have extensive culture expansion capacity while retaining chondrogenic properties","volume":"13","author":"Rikkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10068","article-title":"Analysis of bending behavior of native and engineered auricular and costal cartilage","volume":"68","author":"Roy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199905000-00008","article-title":"Human cartilage engineering: chondrocyte extraction, proliferation, and characterization for construct development","volume":"42","author":"Saadeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00023","article-title":"Engineering autogenous cartilage in the shape of a helix using an injectable hydrogel scaffold","volume":"110","author":"Saim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0482","article-title":"Dedifferentiation-associated changes in morphology and gene expression in primary human articular chondrocytes in cell culture","volume":"10","author":"Schnabel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.02.007","article-title":"Loss of chondrogenic potential in dedifferentiated chondrocytes correlates with deficient Shc\u2013Erk interaction and apoptosis","volume":"12","author":"Schulze-Tanzil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201200471","article-title":"Gelatin-methacrylamide hydrogels as potential biomaterials for fabrication of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs","volume":"13","author":"Schuurman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-146","article-title":"Phenotype, donor age and gender affect function of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"11","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.09.005","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of psychosocial outcomes following ear reconstruction with rib cartilage in microtia","volume":"63","author":"Steffen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.11.046","article-title":"Tissue engineering and auricular reconstruction: a review","volume":"62","author":"Sterodimas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v024a00","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro experiments with primary mammalian cells: to pool or not to pool?","volume":"24","author":"Stoddart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00004","article-title":"Age is relative-impact of donor age on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell functionality","volume":"5","author":"Str\u00e4ssler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.03.038","article-title":"Human elastic cartilage engineering from cartilage progenitor cells using rotating wall vessel bioreactor","volume":"44","author":"Takebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1089\/1076327041348572","article-title":"Cell yield, proliferation, and postexpansion differentiation capacity of human ear, nasal, and rib chondrocytes","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603514546740","article-title":"Extensively expanded auricular chondrocytes form neocartilage in\u00a0vivo","volume":"5","author":"Tseng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200102000-00020","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro redifferentiation of culture-expanded rabbit and human auricular chondrocytes for cartilage reconstruction","volume":"107","author":"van Osch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib99","first-page":"411","article-title":"Considerations on the use of ear chondrocytes as donor chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"41","author":"van Osch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v033a05","article-title":"Recent advances in hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"33","author":"Vega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Cell. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603517736108","article-title":"Reserve or resident progenitors in cartilage? Comparative analysis of chondrocytes versus chondroprogenitors and their role in cartilage repair","volume":"9","author":"Vinod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2021.151713","article-title":"Comparative analysis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, articular cartilage derived chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes to determine cell superiority for cartilage regeneration","volume":"123","author":"Vinod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34264","article-title":"Design and fabrication of a hybrid alginate hydrogel\/poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) mold for auricular cartilage reconstruction","volume":"107","author":"Visscher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6933","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7933","article-title":"Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres","volume":"6","author":"Visser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013246","article-title":"Identification and clonal characterisation of a progenitor cell sub-population in normal human articular cartilage","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00050-7","article-title":"Elastic anisotropy of articular cartilage is associated with the microstructures of collagen fibers and chondrocytes","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib109","first-page":"732","article-title":"Isolation, identification, and comparison of cartilage stem progenitor\/cells from auricular cartilage and perichondrium","volume":"8","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.02.043","article-title":"Regeneration of human-ear-shaped cartilage by co-culturing human microtia chondrocytes with BMSCs","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib111","first-page":"2855","article-title":"The in\u00a0vivo chondrogenesis of cartilage stem\/progenitor cells from auricular cartilage and the perichondrium","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2005.12.1047","article-title":"Comprehensive algorithm for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25040","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of human and porcine auricular cartilage","volume":"125","author":"Zopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004222012512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004222012512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T17:04:32Z","timestamp":1762880672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004222012512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004222012512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human adult, pediatric and microtia auricular cartilage harbor fibronectin-adhering progenitor cells with regenerative ear reconstruction potential","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104979","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104979"}}