{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:20:32Z","timestamp":1791872432387,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T17:51:45Z","timestamp":1716918705000},"page":"110136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ten-year retrospective data analysis reveals frequent respiratory co-infections in hospitalized patients in Augsburg"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Krammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Georg","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avidan U.","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Traidl-Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Goekkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Gilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091725","article-title":"Viral and Bacterial Co-Infections in the Lungs: Dangerous Liaisons","volume":"13","author":"Oliva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib2","first-page":"363","article-title":"Single and multiple respiratory virus infections and severity of respiratory disease: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Goka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100955","article-title":"Outcomes of respiratory viral-bacterial co-infection in adult hospitalized patients","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.042","article-title":"Dynamics and predisposition of respiratory viral co-infections in children and adults","volume":"27","author":"Mandelia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13555-5","article-title":"Respiratory viruses dynamics and interactions: ten years of surveillance in central Europe","volume":"22","author":"Horemheb-Rubio","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911083116","article-title":"Virus-virus interactions impact the population dynamics of influenza and the common cold","volume":"116","author":"Nickbakhsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnv062","article-title":"Viral bacterial co-infection of the respiratory tract during early childhood","volume":"362","author":"Brealey","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-021-00913-4","article-title":"The Complexity of Co-Infections in the Era of COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Cimolai","year":"2021","journal-title":"SN Compr. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0251170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251170","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Musuuza","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2365","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2365","article-title":"Respiratory viral co-infections in patients with COVID-19 and associated outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Krumbein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.04.019","article-title":"Respiratory viral coinfection and disease severity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Scotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187321","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01873-21","article-title":"Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Increases Disease Severity and Impairs Neutralizing Antibody and CD4(+) T Cell Responses","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03878-9","article-title":"Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection","volume":"39","author":"Reckziegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010130","article-title":"Prevalence of Co-Infections with Respiratory Viruses in Individuals Investigated for SARS-CoV-2 in Ontario, Canada","volume":"13","author":"Peci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.04.011","article-title":"Sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory tract infections","volume":"101","author":"Falagas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057","article-title":"Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract","volume":"9","author":"Bosch","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-016-0382-z","article-title":"Exposure to common respiratory bacteria alters the airway epithelial response to subsequent viral infection","volume":"17","author":"Bellinghausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001038","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal molecular detection in children with acute respiratory tract infection in SANADOR Hospital, Romania","volume":"68","author":"Giuca","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2023.23.e31","article-title":"A Moonlighting Protein Secreted by a Nasal Microbiome Fortifies the Innate Host Defense Against Bacterial and Viral Infections","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115389","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm inhibitors: An overview","volume":"264","author":"Kalia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.11.003","article-title":"Viral-bacterial co-infections in the respiratory tract","volume":"35","author":"Bakaletz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15551","article-title":"Effect of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza vaccinations on infections, immune response and asthma control in preschool children with asthma","volume":"78","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43391-z","article-title":"Systematic detection of co-infection and intra-host recombination in more than 2 million global SARS-CoV-2 samples","volume":"15","author":"Pipek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000095993","article-title":"Modulation of the immune system by human rhinoviruses","volume":"142","author":"Kirchberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.030","article-title":"Detection of pathogenic bacteria during rhinovirus infection is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations","volume":"133","author":"Kloepfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.07.013","article-title":"Epidemiology and co-infection patterns in patients with respiratory tract infections in southern China between 2018 and 2020","volume":"83","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2118-6","article-title":"Single- and multiple viral respiratory infections in children: disease and management cannot be related to a specific pathogen","volume":"17","author":"Wishaupt","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib28","first-page":"3","article-title":"Impfquoten bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland \u2013 Aktuelles aus der KV-Impfsurveillance","volume":"50","author":"Rieck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epid. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib29","first-page":"Cd004879","article-title":"Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children","volume":"2","author":"Jefferson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00102-10","article-title":"Indirect pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in polymicrobial otitis media occurs via interspecies quorum signaling","volume":"1","author":"Armbruster","year":"2010","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2016.48.4.309","article-title":"Clinical Impact of Mixed Respiratory Viral Infection in Children with Adenoviral Infection","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181d067cb","article-title":"The interaction between respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children","volume":"29","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib33","series-title":"Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Adenovirus Co-infections of Lung Epithelial Cells","author":"Calabro","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01117-07","article-title":"Evidence from multiplex molecular assays for complex multipathogen interactions in acute respiratory infections","volume":"46","author":"Brunstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445","article-title":"Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections","volume":"7","author":"Moriyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004224013610?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004224013610?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:17:41Z","timestamp":1782537461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004224013610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004224013610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ten-year retrospective data analysis reveals frequent respiratory co-infections in hospitalized patients in Augsburg","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110136","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110136"}}