{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:42:16Z","timestamp":1776048136391,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["755745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["755745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["380\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["380\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T12:46:16Z","timestamp":1722689176000},"page":"110667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-dimensional encoding of movement by single neurons in basal ganglia output"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5660-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Zur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noga","family":"Larry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matan","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Lixenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merav","family":"Yarkoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Behling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mati","family":"Joshua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2915","article-title":"Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Redgrave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90110-V","article-title":"Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin","volume":"13","author":"DeLong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.953","article-title":"Role of the basal ganglia in the control of purposive saccadic eye movements","volume":"80","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90764.2008","article-title":"Encoding of probabilistic rewarding and aversive events by pallidal and nigral neurons","volume":"101","author":"Joshua","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00101.2009","article-title":"Activity of neurons in monkey globus pallidus during oculomotor behavior compared with that in substantia nigra pars reticulata","volume":"103","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00042-1","article-title":"The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs","volume":"50","author":"Mink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11846","article-title":"Concurrent activation of striatal direct and indirect pathways during action initiation","volume":"494","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11129","article-title":"Neural population dynamics during reaching","volume":"487","author":"Churchland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12742","article-title":"Context-dependent computation by recurrent dynamics in prefrontal cortex","volume":"503","author":"Mante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature. Com"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3732-12.2013","article-title":"Diversity of Neural Responses in the Brainstem during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements Constrains the Circuit Mechanisms of Neural Integration","volume":"33","author":"Joshua","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.04.030181.002335","article-title":"The use of control systems analysis in the neurophysiology of eye movements","volume":"4","author":"Robinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn986","article-title":"The brainstem control of saccadic eye movements","volume":"3","author":"Sparks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.6.3458","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of substantia nigra pars reticulata activity during a visually guided saccade task","volume":"82","author":"Handel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.49.5.1230","article-title":"Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. I. Relation of visual and auditory responses to saccades","volume":"49","author":"Hikosaka","year":"1983","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04215.x","article-title":"Activity of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons during smooth pursuit eye movements in monkeys","volume":"22","author":"Basso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.08.026","article-title":"Exploring the role of the substantia nigra pars reticulata in eye movements","volume":"198","author":"Basso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006811","article-title":"The relationship between saccadic and smooth tracking eye movements","volume":"159","author":"Rashbass","year":"1961","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45921-9","article-title":"Organization of reward and movement signals in the basal ganglia and cerebellum","volume":"15","author":"Larry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00363.2019","article-title":"Encoding of eye movements explains reward-related activity in cerebellar simple spikes","volume":"123","author":"Lixenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00200.2023","article-title":"A sensory-motor decoder that transforms neural responses in extrastriate area MT into smooth pursuit eye movements","volume":"130","author":"Behling","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib21","article-title":"Population coding of distinct categories of behavior in the frontal eye field","author":"Cain","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.3.625","article-title":"Effect of changing feedback delay on spontaneous oscillations in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys","volume":"67","author":"Goldreich","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3749885","article-title":"Neuronal Population Coding of Movement Direction","volume":"233","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2612","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of abducens neuron discharge dynamics during saccadic and slow eye movements","volume":"82","author":"Sylvestre","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.05.031","article-title":"Do Motoneurons Encode the Noncommutativity of Ocular Rotations?","volume":"47","author":"Ghasia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1970.33.3.382","article-title":"Firing patterns of abducens neurons of alert monkeys in relationship to horizontal eye movement","volume":"33","author":"Fuchs","year":"1970","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.976209","article-title":"Neurons gating behavior\u2014developmental, molecular and functional features of neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars reticulata","volume":"16","author":"Partanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib28","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Direct and indirect pathways of basal ganglia: a critical reappraisal","volume":"17","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00801.2003","article-title":"Recasting the Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement System","volume":"91","author":"Krauzlis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2010.00024","article-title":"Internal representation of task rules by recurrent dynamics: The importance of the diversity of neural responses","volume":"4","author":"Rigotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.01.010","article-title":"Why neurons mix: high dimensionality for higher cognition","volume":"37","author":"Fusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12160","article-title":"The importance of mixed selectivity in complex cognitive tasks","volume":"497","author":"Rigotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4042","article-title":"A neural network that finds a naturalistic solution for the production of muscle activity","volume":"18","author":"Sussillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.015","article-title":"Cortical Preparatory Activity: Representation of Movement or First Cog in a Dynamical Machine?","volume":"68","author":"Churchland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1869-9","article-title":"Cortical pattern generation during dexterous movement is input-driven","volume":"577","author":"Sauerbrei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09159","article-title":"Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry","volume":"466","author":"Kravitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.4.660","article-title":"Activity of pars reticulata neurons of monkey substantia nigra in relation to motor, sensory, and complex events","volume":"55","author":"Schultz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.46870","article-title":"Cerebellar climbing fibers encode expected reward size","volume":"8","author":"Larry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10515","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1654-18.2018","article-title":"Encoding of Reward and Decoding Movement from the Frontal Eye Field during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements","volume":"38","author":"Lixenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006813","article-title":"Independence of conjugate and disjunctive eye movements","volume":"159","author":"Rashbass","year":"1961","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00710.2019","article-title":"Different mechanisms for modulation of the initiation and steady-state of smooth pursuit eye movements","volume":"123","author":"Behling","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.4.434","article-title":"Generalized Eta and Omega Squared Statistics: Measures of Effect Size for Some Common Research Designs","volume":"8","author":"Olejnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib43","first-page":"129","article-title":"Is omega squared less biased? A comparison of three major effect size indices in one-way ANOVA","volume":"40","author":"Okada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.2000.1040","article-title":"Measures of effect size for comparative studies: Applications, interpretations, and limitations","volume":"25","author":"Olejnik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004224018923?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004224018923?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T20:50:52Z","timestamp":1748897452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004224018923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004224018923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.05.17.541090","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High-dimensional encoding of movement by single neurons in basal ganglia output","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110667","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110667"}}