{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:28:40Z","timestamp":1793305720382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 496401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 496401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 491009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 491009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T21:28:41Z","timestamp":1741814921000},"page":"112097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anterior hypothalamic nucleus drives distinct defensive responses through cell-type-specific activity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Cindy Yookyung","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica Sofia","family":"Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Yoon","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.07.021","article-title":"Updating freeze: aligning animal and human research","volume":"47","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.027","article-title":"Die hard: a blend of freezing and fleeing as a dynamic defense--implications for the control of defensive behavior","volume":"29","author":"Eilam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0206","article-title":"Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing","volume":"372","author":"Roelofs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib4","series-title":"Evolution and learning","first-page":"185","article-title":"A functional behavioristic approach to aversively motivated behavior: Predatory imminence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior","author":"Fanselow","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90270-X","article-title":"Hypothalamic, midbrain and bulbar areas involved in the defense reaction in rabbits","volume":"49","author":"Markgraf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00141-X","article-title":"Severe reduction of rat defensive behavior to a predator by discrete hypothalamic chemical lesions","volume":"44","author":"Canteras","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00685-2","article-title":"The medial hypothalamic defensive system: hodological organization and functional implications","volume":"71","author":"Canteras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06633","article-title":"Ventromedial hypothalamic neurons control a defensive emotion state","volume":"4","author":"Kunwar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.025","article-title":"Collateral Pathways from the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Mediate Defensive Behaviors","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69178","article-title":"Dorsal premammillary projection to periaqueductal gray controls escape vigor from innate and conditioned threats","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7151","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07151.1996","article-title":"Physiological Mapping of Local Inhibitory Inputs to the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus","volume":"16","author":"Boudaba","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35211-7","article-title":"A circuit from the ventral subiculum to anterior hypothalamic nucleus GABAergic neurons essential for anxiety-like behavioral avoidance","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.06.070","article-title":"Anterior hypothalamic parvalbumin neurons are glutamatergic and promote escape behavior","volume":"33","author":"Laing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199608120-00019","article-title":"Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent kinase II immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus: NeuroReport","volume":"7","author":"Hallbeck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-06-01540.1991","article-title":"Differential gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase and type II calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the monkey","volume":"11","author":"Benson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74736","article-title":"Hippocampal-hypothalamic circuit controls context-dependent innate defensive responses","volume":"11","author":"Bang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00985-4","article-title":"Mechanically evoked defensive attack is controlled by GABAergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7332","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.7332","article-title":"Localization of alpha type II calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase at glutamatergic but not gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) synapses in thalamus and cerebral cortex","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3245","article-title":"The absence of a major Ca2+ signaling pathway in GABAergic neurons of the hippocampus","volume":"95","author":"S\u00edk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0072-x","article-title":"Medial preoptic circuit induces hunting-like actions to target objects and prey","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34133\/2022\/9802382","article-title":"Lateral Hypothalamus Calcium\/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II \u03b1 Neurons Encode Novelty-Seeking Signals to Promote Predatory Eating","volume":"2022","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91045-1","article-title":"Hypothalamic substrates for brain stimulation-induced patterns of locomotion and escape jumps in the rat","volume":"449","author":"Lammers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105732","article-title":"Uncertainty and anxiety: Evolution and neurobiology","volume":"162","author":"Blanchard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00012-2","article-title":"Defensive behaviors in wild and laboratory (Swiss) mice: the mouse defense test battery","volume":"65","author":"Blanchard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2728-4","article-title":"Stimulus-specific hypothalamic encoding of a persistent defensive state","volume":"586","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3758\/s13420-021-00509-x","article-title":"Anxiety, fear, panic: An approach to assessing the defensive behavior system across the predatory imminence continuum","volume":"50","author":"Hoffman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Learn. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib27","article-title":"Activation of the fear-responsive anterior hypothalamic area promotes avoidance and triggers compulsive grooming behavior in mice","author":"Laing","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib28","article-title":"Hippocampus-Anterior Hypothalamic Circuit Modulates Stress-Induced Endocrine and Behavioral Response","volume":"16","author":"Bang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.040","article-title":"Control of stress-induced persistent anxiety by an extra-amygdala septohypothalamic circuit","volume":"156","author":"Anthony","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90100-5","article-title":"Defense system psychopharmacology: An ethological approach to the pharmacology of fear and anxiety","volume":"58","author":"Blanchard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.07.022","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to anxiety-related behavior predicts predator odor response","volume":"225","author":"Sotnikov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.01.012","article-title":"Cognitive Control of Escape Behavior","volume":"23","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00007","article-title":"Bonsai: an event-based framework for processing and controlling data streams","volume":"9","author":"Lopes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0176-0","article-title":"Using DeepLabCut for 3D markerless pose estimation across species and behaviors","volume":"14","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004225003578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004225003578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T20:22:43Z","timestamp":1753734163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004225003578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004225003578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.09.25.615020","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anterior hypothalamic nucleus drives distinct defensive responses through cell-type-specific activity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112097","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112097"}}