{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T13:49:22Z","timestamp":1794577762410,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP20010277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP20010277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP230102412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP230102412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:22:45Z","timestamp":1761697365000},"page":"113893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["LCMV-mediated loss of virtual memory CD8 T cells yields a functionally enhanced T cell subset"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Tabinda","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulakara","family":"Kannangara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ee Shan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Kirn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy","family":"Bedoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Good-Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"O\u2019Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie M.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"La Gruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0653-1","article-title":"Eomes identifies thymic precursors of self-specific memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells","volume":"21","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201798518","article-title":"Strong homeostatic TCR signals induce formation of self-tolerant virtual memory CD8 T cells","volume":"37","author":"Drobek","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8626","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228626","article-title":"Hiding in Plain Sight: Virtually Unrecognizable Memory Phenotype CD8+ T cells","volume":"21","author":"Thiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.057","article-title":"Age-Related Decline in Primary CD8+ T Cell Responses Is Associated with the Development of Senescence in Virtual Memory CD8+ T Cells","volume":"23","author":"Quinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11291","article-title":"Virtual memory T cells develop and mediate bystander protective immunity in an IL-15-dependent manner","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545539","article-title":"Evidence for eomesodermin-expressing innate-like CD8(+) KIR\/NKG2A(+) T cells in human adults and cord blood samples","volume":"45","author":"Jacomet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112236","article-title":"KIR+CD8+ and NKG2A+CD8+ T cells are distinct innate-like populations in humans","volume":"42","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081829","article-title":"The antigen-specific CD8+ T cell repertoire in unimmunized mice includes memory phenotype cells bearing markers of homeostatic expansion","volume":"206","author":"Haluszczak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7089","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8089","article-title":"Type I interferons regulate eomesodermin expression and the development of unconventional memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"6","author":"Martinet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203149","article-title":"CD8 + Dendritic Cell Trans Presentation of IL-15 to Naive CD8+ T Cells Produces Antigen-Inexperienced T Cells in the Periphery with Memory Phenotype and Function","volume":"190","author":"Sosinowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adf8776","article-title":"The gene regulatory basis of bystander activation in CD8+ T cells","volume":"9","author":"Watson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06978-5","article-title":"Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8+ T cells for early control of viral infection","volume":"9","author":"Rolot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.02.020","article-title":"Bystander-Activated Memory CD8 T Cells Control Early Pathogen Load in an Innate-like , NKG2D-dependent manner","volume":"3","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80470-7","article-title":"Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection","volume":"8","author":"Murali-Krishna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16633-7","article-title":"Metabolic characteristics of CD8+ T cell subsets in young and aged individuals are not predictive of functionality","volume":"11","author":"Quinn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302509","article-title":"Cutting edge: Central memory CD8 T cells in aged mice are virtual memory cells","volume":"191","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0408-9","article-title":"Virtual memory CD8+ T cells restrain the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy through derepressing KIR-mediated inhibition","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0100-x","article-title":"Virtual memory CD8 T cells expanded by helminth infection confer broad protection against bacterial infection","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15858","article-title":"Sustained treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukaemia is associated with an increased frequency of innate CD8(+) T-cells","volume":"186","author":"Cayssials","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib20","first-page":"688","article-title":"The hypothesis of the human iNKT\/innate CD8(+) T-cell axis applied to cancer: Evidence for a deficiency in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Jacomet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0463-2","article-title":"MHC class I-independent activation of virtual memory CD8 T cells induced by chemotherapeutic agent-treated cancer cells","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.04.002","article-title":"Revival of CD8+ Treg-mediated suppression","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525098113","article-title":"CD8+CD122+CD49dlow regulatory T cells maintain T-cell homeostasis by killing activated T cells via Fas\/FasL-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"113","author":"Akane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000661","article-title":"Cutting edge: programmed death-1 defines CD8+CD122+ T cells as regulatory versus memory T cells","volume":"185","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9591","article-title":"KIR+CD8+ T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19","volume":"376","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-018-0122-y","article-title":"Virtual memory cells make a major contribution to the response of aged influenza-na\u00efve mice to influenza virus infection","volume":"15","author":"Lanzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200316","article-title":"Helminth Infection-Induced Increase in Virtual Memory CD8 T Cells Is Transient, Driven by IL-15, and Absent in Aged Mice","volume":"210","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001028","article-title":"Phenotypic and Clonal Stability of Antigen-Inexperienced Memory-like T Cells across the Genetic Background, Hygienic Status, and Aging","volume":"206","author":"Moudra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5304","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5304","article-title":"IL-12p40-dependent agonistic effects on the development of protective innate and adaptive immunity against Salmonella enteritidis","volume":"167","author":"Lehmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4767","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4767-4776.1998","article-title":"Interleukin-12 is required for control of the growth of attenuated aromatic-compound-dependent salmonellae in BALB\/c mice: Role of gamma interferon and macrophage activation","volume":"66","author":"Mastroeni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02060.x","article-title":"Th1 and Th1-inducing cytokines in Salmonella infection","volume":"131","author":"Mizuno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000239","article-title":"Gut bacteria induce granzyme B expression in human colonic ILC3s in vitro in an IL-15-dependent manner","volume":"206","author":"Castleman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235214","article-title":"Persistent LCMV infection is controlled by blockade of type I interferon signaling","volume":"340","author":"Teijaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1159\/000508379","article-title":"The role of type I IFNs in influenza: Antiviral superheroes or immunopathogenic villains?","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80469-0","article-title":"Massive Expansion of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells during an Acute Virus Infection","volume":"8","author":"Butz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.15.8597","article-title":"In vivo proliferation of na\u00efve and memory influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells","volume":"96","author":"Flynn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6724","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901128106","article-title":"Transience of MHC Class I-restricted antigen presentation after influenza A virus infection","volume":"106","author":"Mintern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.5.1803-1807.1988","article-title":"Clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in antibody- and B-cell-deprived mice","volume":"62","author":"Cerny","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.016","article-title":"Type I interferons induce an epigenetically distinct memory B cell subset in chronic viral infection","volume":"57","author":"Cooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02192-14","article-title":"Cellular requirements for systemic control of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infections in mice","volume":"82","author":"Kupz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222047110","article-title":"Contribution of Thy1+ NK cells to protective IFN-\u03b3 production during Salmonella typhimurium infections","volume":"110","author":"Kupz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2399","article-title":"Memory CD8+ T cells provide an early source of IFN-gamma","volume":"170","author":"Kambayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(2002010)32:10<2807::AID-IMMU2807>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Contribution of CD8+ T cells to innate immunity: IFN-gamma secretion induced by IL-12 and IL-18","volume":"32","author":"Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5965","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.13.5965-5976.2001","article-title":"Attrition of bystander CD8 T cells during virus-induced T-cell and interferon responses","volume":"75","author":"McNally","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4284","article-title":"IFN-induced attrition of CD8 T cells in the presence or absence of cognate antigen during the early stages of viral infections","volume":"176","author":"Bahl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002352","article-title":"Type 1 interferons and antiviral CD8 T-cell responses","volume":"8","author":"Welsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4352","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.4352","article-title":"Selective depletion of nonspecific T cells during the early stage of immune responses to infection","volume":"171","author":"Jiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-016-0098-2","article-title":"IL-15 signaling promotes adoptive effector T-cell survival and memory formation in irradiation-induced lymphopenia","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.029","article-title":"Developmental origin governs CD8+ T cell fate decisions during infection","volume":"174","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018974108","article-title":"CD8+ T regulatory cells express the Ly49 Class I MHC receptor and are defective in autoimmune prone B6-Yaa mice","volume":"108","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200001)30:1<236::AID-IMMU236>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Memory CD8 T lymphocytes express inhibitory MHC-specific Ly49 receptors","volume":"30","author":"Coles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1592","article-title":"Multifunctional TH1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania major","volume":"13","author":"Darrah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6850","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002025","article-title":"Influenza Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cell Avidity, but Not Cytokine Polyfunctionality, Can Be Determined by TCR Clonotype","volume":"185","author":"Moffat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5553","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5553","article-title":"Hierarchies in cytokine expression profiles for acute and resolving influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses: correlation of cytokine profile and TCR avidity","volume":"172","author":"La Gruta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600240103","article-title":"Converting IL-15 to a superagonist by binding to soluble IL-15R{alpha}","volume":"103","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.663","article-title":"IL-15 is a novel growth factor for murine gamma delta T cells induced by Salmonella infection","volume":"156","author":"Nishimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.3.382","article-title":"Endogenous IL-15 might be responsible for early protection by natural killer cells against infection with an avirulent strain of Salmonella choleraesuis in mice","volume":"66","author":"Hirose","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040769","article-title":"Type I interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to Listeria infection","volume":"200","author":"Carrero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141539","article-title":"Type I interferons suppress CD4+ T-cell-dependent parasite control during blood-stage Plasmodium infection","volume":"41","author":"Haque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.655","article-title":"Attrition of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells during reconstitution of lymphopenic environments","volume":"171","author":"Peacock","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7403.1358","article-title":"Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis","volume":"326","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01819.x","article-title":"A reduction in the number of peripheral CD28+CD8+T cells in the acute phase of influenza","volume":"128","author":"Nabeshima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abg9433","article-title":"Virtual memory T cells orchestrate extralymphoid responses conducive to resident memory","volume":"6","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adp5016","article-title":"LCK-co-receptor association ensures T cell lineage fidelity and maximizes epitope-specific TCR diversity","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0643-3","article-title":"Sestrins induce natural killer function in senescent-like CD8+ T cells","volume":"21","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-009-0038-4","article-title":"Early immune senescence in HIV disease","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117892","article-title":"CD8 naive T cell counts decrease progressively in HIV-infected adults","volume":"95","author":"Roederer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210344","article-title":"Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV","volume":"136","author":"Chauvin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F17","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199607000-00001","article-title":"Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Effros","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183357","article-title":"Terminal differentiation of T cells is strongly associated with CMV infection and increased in HIV-positive individuals on ART and lifestyle matched controls","volume":"12","author":"Booiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90018-U","article-title":"Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with an immunological focus assay in 24- or 96-well plates","volume":"33","author":"Battegay","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5374","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.12.5374-5380.1993","article-title":"Salmonella typhimurium delta aroA delta aroD mutants expressing a foreign recombinant protein induce specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice","volume":"61","author":"Turner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01077-y","article-title":"Targeting BMI-1 in B cells restores effective humoral immune responses and controls chronic viral infection","volume":"23","author":"Di Pietro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004225021546?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004225021546?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:46:11Z","timestamp":1782866771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004225021546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004225021546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"LCMV-mediated loss of virtual memory CD8 T cells yields a functionally enhanced T cell subset","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113893","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113893"}}