{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:56:27Z","timestamp":1789797387497,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032631","name":"Calico Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AG-6-2106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AG-6-2106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AG-6-2101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AG-6-2101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AG-6-2103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AG-6-2103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AG028050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG028050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-NR012459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NR012459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:35:42Z","timestamp":1770482142000},"page":"114953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Platform-dependent effects of genetic variants on plasma APOL1"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Qingbo S.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne J.G.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Haste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niclas","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Gaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona E.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepthi","family":"Madhireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Baruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Cardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marylyn","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Susztak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Melamud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0123-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Baryshnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.07.004","article-title":"Genetic and environmental risk factors for chronic kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Obrador","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib2","first-page":"794","article-title":"End-stage renal disease and race: an overview and perspective","volume":"83","author":"Ferguson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032","article-title":"Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans","volume":"329","author":"Genovese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-010-0861-0","article-title":"Missense mutations in the APOL1 gene are highly associated with end stage kidney disease risk previously attributed to the MYH9 gene","volume":"128","author":"Tzur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034345","article-title":"and Kidney Disease: From Genetics to Biology","volume":"82","author":"Friedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4287","article-title":"Transgenic expression of human APOL1 risk variants in podocytes induces kidney disease in mice","volume":"23","author":"Beckerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32578","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503510200","article-title":"Human high density lipoproteins are platforms for the assembly of multi-component innate immune complexes","volume":"280","author":"Shiflett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46263","article-title":"Genetics of kidney failure and the evolving story of APOL1","volume":"121","author":"Friedman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51185","article-title":"Apolipoprotein L-1 renal risk variants form active channels at the plasma membrane driving cytotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Giovinazzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F326","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00647.2013","article-title":"APOL1 risk variants enhance podocyte necrosis through compromising lysosomal membrane permeability","volume":"307","author":"Lan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522913113","article-title":"APOL1 kidney disease risk variants cause cytotoxicity by depleting cellular potassium and inducing stress-activated protein kinases","volume":"113","author":"Olabisi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202396","article-title":"Inaxaplin for Proteinuric Kidney Disease in Persons with Two Variants","volume":"388","author":"Egbuna","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.08.028","article-title":"Novel Therapies in -Mediated Kidney Disease: From Molecular Pathways to Therapeutic Options","volume":"8","author":"Vasquez-Rios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013070700","article-title":"Plasma apolipoprotein L1 levels do not correlate with CKD","volume":"25","author":"Bruggeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015101121","article-title":"Plasma Levels of Risk-Variant APOL1 Do Not Associate with Renal Disease in a Population-Based Cohort","volume":"27","author":"Kozlitina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01051-w","article-title":"Plasma proteome analyses in individuals of European and African ancestry identify cis-pQTLs and models for proteome-wide association studies","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06592-6","article-title":"Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank","volume":"622","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0502-473","article-title":"Protein detection using proximity-dependent DNA ligation assays","volume":"20","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015004","article-title":"Aptamer-based multiplexed proteomic technology for biomarker discovery","volume":"5","author":"Gold","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06563-x","article-title":"Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations","volume":"622","author":"Eldjarn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S166","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000070081.15137.C0","article-title":"The rationale and design of the AASK cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Appel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.07.005","article-title":"Identification of 969 protein quantitative trait loci in an African American population with kidney disease attributed to hypertension","volume":"102","author":"Surapaneni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad167","article-title":"The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study-Ground-Breaking Science for 25 Years and Counting","volume":"78","author":"Newman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00978-w","article-title":"Large-scale integration of the plasma proteome with genetics and disease","volume":"53","author":"Ferkingstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","article-title":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold","volume":"596","author":"Jumper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07156.x","article-title":"The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill","volume":"76","author":"Vanhollebeke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib28","first-page":"238","article-title":"The biology of APOL1 with insights into the association between APOL1 variants and chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Madhavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1352-x","article-title":"Haptoglobin (HP) and Haptoglobin-related protein (HPR) copy number variation, natural selection, and trypanosomiasis","volume":"133","author":"Hardwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05216-5","article-title":"Recent advances in the discovery and development of drugs targeting the kallikrein-kinin system","volume":"22","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1188816","article-title":"Human plasma kallikrein: roles in coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation pathways, and beyond","volume":"14","author":"Motta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2014.110","article-title":"Coagulation","volume":"44","author":"Chee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp517","article-title":"Sequence variation and genetic evolution at the human F12 locus: mapping quantitative trait nucleotides that influence FXII plasma levels","volume":"19","author":"Calafell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19996-z","article-title":"Genetic architecture of host proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"11","author":"Pietzner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00871.x","article-title":"A new type of plasma prekallikrein deficiency associated with homozygosity for Gly104Arg and Asn124Ser in apple domain 2 of the heavy-chain region","volume":"79","author":"Katsuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-082509-141730","article-title":"Genetic interaction networks: toward an understanding of heritability","volume":"14","author":"Baryshnikova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90069-8","article-title":"Purification and characterization of plasma protein C inhibitor","volume":"55","author":"Espa\u00f1a","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00412a005","article-title":"Inactivation of human plasma kallikrein and factor XIa by protein C inhibitor","volume":"27","author":"Meijers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651022","article-title":"Protein C inhibitor from human plasma: characterization of native and cleaved inhibitor and demonstration of inhibitor complexes with plasma kallikrein","volume":"62","author":"Laurell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba7381","article-title":"ITIH4 acts as a protease inhibitor by a novel inhibitory mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Pihl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173515","article-title":"Body-mass index and risk of advanced chronic kidney disease: Prospective analyses from a primary care cohort of 1.4 million adults in England","volume":"12","author":"Herrington","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M063453","article-title":"Characterization of circulating APOL1 protein complexes in African Americans","volume":"57","author":"Weckerle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276649","article-title":"Variant APOL1 protein in plasma associates with larger particles in humans and mouse models of kidney injury","volume":"17","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67814-1","article-title":"Cross-Ancestry Comparison of Aptamer and Antibody","volume":"17","author":"Nicholas","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02089-2","article-title":"Plasma proteome variation and its genetic determinants in children and adolescents","volume":"57","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45233-y","article-title":"Nanoparticle enrichment mass-spectrometry proteomics identifies protein-altering variants for precise pQTL mapping","volume":"15","author":"Suhre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02413-w","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of mass spectrometry proteomics using a nanoparticle enrichment platform","volume":"57","author":"Suhre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0002482020","article-title":"The Relationship between APOL1 Structure and Function: Clinical Implications","volume":"2","author":"Madhavan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92581","article-title":"APOL1 variants change C-terminal conformational dynamics and binding to SNARE protein VAMP8","volume":"2","author":"Madhavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2000.6330","article-title":"Genomic structure of the human plasma prekallikrein gene, identification of allelic variants, and analysis in end-stage renal disease","volume":"69","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.4.906","article-title":"Identification of human plasma kallikrein gene polymorphisms and evaluation of their role in end-stage renal disease","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08340814","article-title":"Hemostatic Factors, APOL1 Risk Variants, and the Risk of ESRD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"10","author":"Tin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.01.027","article-title":"Phenome-wide association analysis suggests the APOL1 linked disease spectrum primarily drives kidney-specific pathways","volume":"97","author":"Bajaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.181238","article-title":"Protein-truncating variant in APOL3 increases chronic kidney disease risk in epistasis with APOL1 risk alleles","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.09.020","article-title":"Genetic association and gene-gene interaction analyses in African American dialysis patients with nondiabetic nephropathy","volume":"59","author":"Bostrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1415-z","article-title":"Analysis of coding variants identified from exome sequencing resources for association with diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy in African Americans","volume":"133","author":"Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404211","article-title":"Bi- and Monoallelic Variants and Chronic Kidney Disease in West Africans","volume":"392","author":"Gbadegesin","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib58","article-title":"APOL1 variants G1, G2 and N264K affect APOL1 plasma protein concentration: a UK Biobank study","author":"Adamson","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43020-9","article-title":"Strong protective effect of the APOL1 p.N264K variant against G2-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02198-15","article-title":"Apolipoprotein L1 Variant Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Trypanosome Infection","volume":"7","author":"Cuypers","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.25461","article-title":"renal risk variants have contrasting resistance and susceptibility associations with African trypanosomiasis","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib62","author":"Karczewski"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00681","article-title":"Automated 16-Plex Plasma Proteomics with Real-Time Search and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Enables Large-Scale Profiling in Naked Mole-Rats and Mice","volume":"20","author":"Gaun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00860","article-title":"Full-Featured, Real-Time Database Searching Platform Enables Fast and Accurate Multiplexed Quantitative Proteomics","volume":"19","author":"Schweppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.12.001","article-title":"A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression","volume":"143","author":"Huttlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-0305(94)80016-2","article-title":"An approach to correlate tandem mass spectral data of peptides with amino acid sequences in a protein database","volume":"5","author":"Eng","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1019","article-title":"Target-decoy search strategy for increased confidence in large-scale protein identifications by mass spectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Elias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04103-z","article-title":"Exome sequencing and analysis of 454,787 UK Biobank participants","volume":"599","author":"Backman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-02873-0","article-title":"A massive effort links protein-coding gene variants to health","volume":"599","author":"Okada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7","article-title":"The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans","volume":"581","author":"Karczewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw018","article-title":"FINEMAP: efficient variable selection using summary data from genome-wide association studies","volume":"32","author":"Benner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12388","article-title":"A simple new approach to variable selection in regression, with application to genetic fine mapping","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B Stat. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2020.03.015","article-title":"Quality over quantity: A qualitative, targeted bottom-up proteomics approach to genotyping apolipoprotein L1","volume":"82","author":"Norris Bradley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3706","article-title":"Statistical power and significance testing in large-scale genetic studies","volume":"15","author":"Sham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226003287?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226003287?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:42:22Z","timestamp":1788950542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226003287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226003287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.01.30.635763","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Platform-dependent effects of genetic variants on plasma APOL1","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114953","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114953"}}