{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:17:45Z","timestamp":1788952665382,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane and Aatos Erkko Fundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["240002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["240002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013500","name":"Diabetes Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004371","name":"Tampereen Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["335870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["335870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["355414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["355414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007417","name":"Paulon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006706","name":"Tampereen Tuberkuloosis\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017726","name":"Fondazione Diabete Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:52:10Z","timestamp":1770943930000},"page":"115018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative virus infectivity titration and dose-response analyses using cell-culture based methods and python code-assisted data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Henna-Maarit","family":"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iiris","family":"Mustonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juho","family":"En\u00e4koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna M.","family":"Hankaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.05.015","article-title":"Comparison of the plaque assay and 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay as methods for measuring filovirus infectivity","volume":"193","author":"Smither","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib2","first-page":"291","article-title":"Comparison among plaque assay, tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 variants quantification","volume":"14","author":"Zapata-Cardona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.105","article-title":"Two Detailed Plaque Assay Protocols for the Quantification of Infectious SARS-CoV-2","volume":"57","author":"Mendoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.878","article-title":"Machine-learning-based automated quantification machine for virus plaque assay counting","volume":"8","author":"Phanomchoeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0619","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B1 Is Associated With Induction of \u03b2-Cell Autoimmunity That Portends Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Laitinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz2433","article-title":"A hexavalent Coxsackievirus B vaccine is highly immunogenic and has a strong protective capacity in mice and nonhuman primates","volume":"6","author":"Stone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94656-0","article-title":"Immunological and structural evaluation of the intranasally administrated CVB1 whole-virus and VLP vaccines","volume":"15","author":"Soppela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-012-0105-0","article-title":"A Colorimetric-Based Accurate Method for the Determination of Enterovirus 71 Titer","volume":"23","author":"Pourianfar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00230-5","article-title":"On the Calculation of TCID50 for Quantitation of Virus Infectivity","volume":"36","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105195","article-title":"Determination of infectious hepatitis B virus particles by an end-point dilution assay identifies a novel class of inhibitors","volume":"196","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot087379","article-title":"Crystal Violet Assay for Determining Viability of Cultured Cells","volume":"2016","author":"Feoktistova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12347","DOI":"10.3390\/s120912347","article-title":"Multiple Applications of Alamar Blue as an Indicator of Metabolic Function and Cellular Health in Cell Viability Bioassays","volume":"12","author":"Rampersad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01606.x","article-title":"Investigation of the Alamar Blue (resazurin) fluorescent dye for the assessment of mammalian cell cytotoxicity","volume":"267","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-025-01183-1","article-title":"Coxsackie B1 virus-like particle vaccine modified to exclude a highly conserved immunoreactive region from the capsid induces potent neutralizing antibodies and protects against infection in mice","volume":"32","author":"Soppela","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104334","article-title":"Eradication of persistent coxsackievirus B infection from a pancreatic cell line with clinically used antiviral drugs","volume":"128","author":"Honkimaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.03.006","article-title":"Emerging pharmacologic targets and treatments for myocarditis","volume":"161","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/2040206615589035","article-title":"Exploration of the anti-enterovirus activity of a series of pleconaril\/pirodavir-like compounds","volume":"24","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antivir. Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.057","article-title":"Optimized production and purification of Coxsackievirus B1 vaccine and its preclinical evaluation in a mouse model","volume":"35","author":"Hankaniemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104595","article-title":"Formalin treatment increases the stability and immunogenicity of coxsackievirus B1 VLP vaccine","volume":"171","author":"Hankaniemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1080\/10543406.2014.920345","article-title":"Nonlinear Calibration Model Choice between the Four and Five-Parameter Logistic Models","volume":"25","author":"Cumberland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biopharm. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2005.04.035","article-title":"The five-parameter logistic: A characterization and comparison with the four-parameter logistic","volume":"343","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.1218","article-title":"Re-parameterization of five-parameter logistic function","volume":"23","author":"Liao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chemometr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3157-4","article-title":"Enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 show different replication kinetics in human neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines","volume":"162","author":"Yogarajah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217978","article-title":"Cell Cultures for Virology: Usability, Advantages, and Prospects","volume":"21","author":"Dolskiy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki263","article-title":"Susceptibility of coxsackievirus B3 laboratory strains and clinical isolates to the capsid function inhibitor pleconaril: antiviral studies with virus chimeras demonstrate the crucial role of amino acid 1092 in treatment","volume":"56","author":"Schmidtke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib26","article-title":"Proteomics reveals that cell density could affect the efficacy of drug treatment","volume":"33","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.52601\/bpr.2021.210042","article-title":"A review for cell-based screening methods in drug discovery","volume":"7","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23903","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B1 reveals strain specific differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell mediated immunogenicity","volume":"86","author":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90710-0","article-title":"Quantification of cells cultured on 96-well plates","volume":"182","author":"Kueng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226003937?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226003937?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:53:05Z","timestamp":1788951185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226003937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226003937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantitative virus infectivity titration and dose-response analyses using cell-culture based methods and python code-assisted data analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115018"}}