{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:36:22Z","timestamp":1792629382200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH114-4R02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH114-4R02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KAFGH_D_113036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH_D_113036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004694","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMU-TC114A205-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-TC114A205-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015045","name":"Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2314-B-037- 099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2314-B-037- 099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2221-E-194-011-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2221-E-194-011-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2221-E-037-005-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2221-E-037-005-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 109-2314-B-037-033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 109-2314-B-037-033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012542","name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:42:44Z","timestamp":1774078964000},"page":"115460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyperspectral reconstruction of white light endoscopy images for enhanced segmentation of early esophageal lesions in patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yao-Kuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun-Hua","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsien","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.952087","article-title":"Burden of esophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6875","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3338","article-title":"Global trends in the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2017","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60701-3","article-title":"Lifetime risks, expected years of life lost, and cost-per-life year of esophageal cancer in Taiwan","volume":"10","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003420","article-title":"Global esophageal cancer epidemiology in 2022 and predictions for 2050: A comprehensive analysis and projections based on GLOBOCAN data","volume":"137","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102486","article-title":"Global trends in esophageal cancer mortality with predictions to 2025, and in incidence by histotype","volume":"87","author":"Santucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86244-z","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of esophageal cancer using the 2019 global burden of disease study","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00718-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of esophageal cancer: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib8","first-page":"656","article-title":"Esophageal cancer global burden profiles, trends, and contributors","volume":"21","author":"Teng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02532-X","article-title":"Narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy for superficial esophageal lesions","volume":"59","author":"Yoshida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618811477","article-title":"Rate of missed oesophageal cancer at routine endoscopy and survival outcomes: A multicentric cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Rodr\u00edguez de Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.06.055","article-title":"Autofluorescence imaging with a transparent hood for detection of colorectal neoplasms: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"72","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.371","article-title":"Chromoendoscopy with iodine staining, as well as narrow-band imaging, is still useful and reliable for screening of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"110","author":"Shimizu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.4680","article-title":"Early detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region and esophagus by narrow band imaging: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Muto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.09.034","article-title":"Endoscopic detection and differentiation of esophageal lesions using a deep neural network","volume":"91","author":"Ohmori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.07.056","article-title":"Patterns of the lymph node metastasis and the influencing factors in esophagogastric junction cancers","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib16","article-title":"Mechanisms of esophageal cancer metastasis and treatment progress","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib17","first-page":"2187","article-title":"Esophageal cancer: a review and update","volume":"73","author":"Layke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-1109-y","article-title":"Delay in diagnostic workup and treatment of esophageal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Grotenhuis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1695563","article-title":"Appearance of enhanced tissue features in narrow-band endoscopic imaging","volume":"9","author":"Gono","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib20","first-page":"63","article-title":"Early esophageal cancer can be detected by screening endoscopy assisted with narrow-band imaging (NBI)","volume":"56","author":"Kuraoka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12477","article-title":"Endoscopic diagnosis of early neoplasia of the esophagus with narrow band imaging: correlations among background coloration and iodine staining findings","volume":"29","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.01.013","article-title":"Narrow band imaging and multiband imaging","volume":"67","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980715)83:2<220::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Mucosal iodine staining improves endoscopic visualization of squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in Linxian, China","volume":"83","author":"Dawsey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.11.118","article-title":"A brief survey on semantic segmentation with deep learning","volume":"406","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s13735-017-0141-z","article-title":"A review of semantic segmentation using deep neural networks","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Multimed. Inf. Retr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20819","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13959-w","article-title":"Hyperspectral image segmentation: a comprehensive survey","volume":"82","author":"Grewal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12081204","article-title":"Identification of early esophageal cancer by semantic segmentation","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib28","first-page":"1306","article-title":"The use of artificial intelligence based magnifying image segmentation algorithm combined with endoscopy in early diagnosis and nursing of esophageal cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Health Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnlest.2023.100205","article-title":"Early esophagus cancer segmentation from gastrointestinal endoscopic images based on U-Net++ model","volume":"21","author":"Lonseko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Elec. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib30","series-title":"2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperspectral Imaging Applied to Identify Early Esophageal Cancer","author":"Tsao","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184593","article-title":"Hyperspectral imaging combined with artificial intelligence in the early detection of esophageal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2025.15039","article-title":"Future prospects of deep learning in esophageal cancer diagnosis and clinical decision support","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16193285","article-title":"Deep learning for image analysis in the diagnosis and management of esophageal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Theocharopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.10.100901","article-title":"Review of spectral imaging technology in biomedical engineering: achievements and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010036","article-title":"Use of hyperspectral\/multispectral imaging in gastroenterology. Shedding some\u2013different\u2013light into the dark","volume":"8","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib36","article-title":"Early identification of esophageal squamous neoplasm by hyperspectral endoscopic imaging","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12010090","article-title":"Precision imaging for early detection of esophageal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2138","article-title":"Multispectral scanning during endoscopy guides biopsy of dysplasia in Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"16","author":"Qiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09484-4","article-title":"A clinically translatable hyperspectral endoscopy (HySE) system for imaging the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"10","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0474","article-title":"Spectral endoscopy enhances contrast for neoplasia in surveillance of Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"81","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib41","article-title":"Spectrum aided vision enhancer enhances mucosal visualization by hyperspectral imaging in capsule endoscopy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib42","series-title":"Proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging 2023: Computer-Aided Diagnosis","article-title":"Deep learning for improved polyp detection from synthetic narrow-band imaging","author":"Haugland","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5513","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2025.3594151","article-title":"UFPF: A Universal Feature Perception Framework for Microscopic Hyperspectral Images","volume":"34","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2025.3598499","article-title":"Semi-Supervised Medical Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Using Adversarial Consistency Constraint Learning and Cross Indication Network","volume":"34","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2025.105495","article-title":"Advanced deep learning and large language models: Comprehensive insights for cancer detection","volume":"157","author":"Habchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib46","series-title":"International Conference on Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.70083","article-title":"Effects of artificial intelligence assistance on endoscopist performance: Comparison of diagnostic performance in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma detection using video-based models","volume":"6","author":"Aoyama","year":"2026","journal-title":"DEN open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib48","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"801","article-title":"Encoder-decoder with atrous separable convolution for semantic image segmentation","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib49","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"12077","article-title":"SegFormer: Simple and efficient design for semantic segmentation with transformers","author":"Xie","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2024WR039476","article-title":"A modified hierarchical vision transformer for soil moisture retrieval from CYGNSS data","volume":"62","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338211034284","article-title":"Clinical target volume auto-segmentation of esophageal cancer for radiotherapy after radical surgery based on deep learning","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226008357?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226008357?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T01:26:55Z","timestamp":1781832415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226008357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226008357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hyperspectral reconstruction of white light endoscopy images for enhanced segmentation of early esophageal lesions in patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115460","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115460"}}