{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:45:12Z","timestamp":1791841512563,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25ZR1401298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25ZR1401298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82573954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82573954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:11:16Z","timestamp":1780315876000},"page":"116183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of an immediate-early gene-activated fibroblast state in frozen shoulder capsular fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Zun","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00386-2","article-title":"Frozen shoulder","volume":"8","author":"Millar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20535","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb in the general population","volume":"51","author":"Walker-Bone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04704-9","article-title":"The epidemiology and etiology of adhesive capsulitis in the U.S. Medicare population","volume":"22","author":"Sarasua","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676105","article-title":"Analytical Observational Study of Frozen Shoulder among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"06","author":"Alhashimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joints"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.04.026","article-title":"Prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with frozen shoulder","volume":"26","author":"Schiefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120986808","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia Is a Risk Factor of Adhesive Capsulitis: Real-World Evidence Using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12246","article-title":"Case control study of risk factors for frozen shoulder in China","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.03.024","article-title":"Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns","volume":"32","author":"Itoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.663703","article-title":"A Comprehensive View of Frozen Shoulder: A Mystery Syndrome","volume":"8","author":"de la Serna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.01.020","article-title":"Very High Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes of >\/=45 Years' Duration: The Dialong Shoulder Study","volume":"98","author":"Juel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(97)00120-1","article-title":"Development and prevention of frozen shoulder after acute aneurysm surgery","volume":"48","author":"Tanishima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.03.011","article-title":"Is frozen shoulder completely resolved at 2 years after the onset of disease?","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274050-00013","article-title":"Frozen shoulder. A long-term follow-up","volume":"74","author":"Shaffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.05.009","article-title":"Long-term outcome of frozen shoulder","volume":"17","author":"Hand","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31965-6","article-title":"Management of adults with primary frozen shoulder in secondary care (UK FROST): a multicentre, pragmatic, three-arm, superiority randomised clinical trial","volume":"396","author":"Rangan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573216676786","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.493","article-title":"The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for frozen shoulder in patients with diabetes: randomized control trial","volume":"31","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldad018","article-title":"Efficacy of hydrodilatation in frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Poku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.29581","article-title":"Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Challoumas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211062222","article-title":"Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy as an Adjunctive Therapy for Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2023.2180702","article-title":"Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Kirker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Man. Manip. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.08.046","article-title":"Enhanced expression of neuronal proteins in idiopathic frozen shoulder","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.014","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in the subacromial bursa of frozen shoulder","volume":"22","author":"Lho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1190-9","article-title":"The pathophysiology associated with primary (idiopathic) frozen shoulder: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B7.19097","article-title":"The pathology of frozen shoulder","volume":"89-B","author":"Hand","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez007","article-title":"Tissue inflammation signatures point towards resolution in adhesive capsulitis","volume":"58","author":"Dakin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1385006","article-title":"Fibrotic pathways and fibroblast-like synoviocyte phenotypes in osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Damerau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23386","article-title":"Influence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 on human joint capsule myofibroblasts","volume":"35","author":"Mattyasovszky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934876","article-title":"Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by Joint Remobilization, and Relevance to Progression of Arthrogenic Joint Contracture: A Narrative Review","volume":"71","author":"Kaneguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6042.76966","article-title":"Cytogenetic analysis of the pathology of frozen shoulder","volume":"4","author":"Kabbabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Shoulder Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102715118","article-title":"Translational targeting of inflammation and fibrosis in frozen shoulder: Molecular dissection of the T cell\/IL-17A axis","volume":"118","author":"Akbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517741127","article-title":"Alarmins in Frozen Shoulder: A Molecular Association Between Inflammation and Pain","volume":"46","author":"Cher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib33","first-page":"3939","article-title":"Changes of histology and capsular collagen in a rat shoulder immobilization model","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa802","article-title":"Collagens in primary frozen shoulder: expression of collagen mRNA isoforms in the different phases of the disease","volume":"60","author":"Marker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150316","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cytokines and their receptors in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder","volume":"15","author":"Rodeo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological Aspect of Pathophysiology for Frozen Shoulder","volume":"2018","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190103","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta in tissue fibrosis","volume":"217","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02705-x","article-title":"Recombinant TSG-6 protein inhibits the growth of capsule fibroblasts in frozen shoulder via suppressing the TGF-beta\/Smad2 signal pathway","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0387-0","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in frozen shoulder, and their changes as response to intensive stretching and supervised neglect exercise","volume":"18","author":"Lubis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.57025","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates joint capsule fibrosis by promoting TGF-beta1 production in fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0939-8","article-title":"Distinct synovial tissue macrophage subsets regulate inflammation and remission in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Alivernini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45341-9","article-title":"A single cell atlas of frozen shoulder capsule identifies features associated with inflammatory fibrosis resolution","volume":"15","author":"Ng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib43","article-title":"Tendinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Millar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1218-4","article-title":"Persistent stromal fibroblast activation is present in chronic tendinopathy","volume":"19","author":"Dakin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02935553","article-title":"The role of immediate early genes in the stabilization of long-term potentiation","volume":"5","author":"Abraham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001","article-title":"Immediate early response genes and cell transformation","volume":"137","author":"Healy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125366","article-title":"Fra-2-expressing macrophages promote lung fibrosis in mice","volume":"129","author":"Ucero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7110","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.61085","article-title":"Local administration of liposomal-based Srpx2 gene therapy reverses pulmonary fibrosis by blockading fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10525","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801414105","article-title":"Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis through a Pathway Involving the Transcription Factor Fra-2\/AP-1","volume":"105","author":"Eferl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06616-x","article-title":"Scutellarin prevents obesity-induced renal fibrosis via reduced activation of AP-1","volume":"23","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1487668","article-title":"Early growth response-1, a dynamic conduit in cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Khachigian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1296","article-title":"BMP6 knockdown enhances cardiac fibrosis in a mouse myocardial infarction model by upregulating AP-1\/CEMIP expression","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00400-9","article-title":"CCN2 mediates fibroblast-macrophage interaction in knee arthrofibrosis based on single-cell RNA-seq analysis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00153","article-title":"Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review of Cellular, Molecular, and Metabolic Findings","volume":"9","author":"Jump","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-008-1295-6","article-title":"Inducement of mitogen-activated protein kinases in frozen shoulders","volume":"14","author":"Kanbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158093","article-title":"The Treatment of Fibrosis of Joint Synovium and Frozen Shoulder by Smad4 Gene Silencing in Rats","volume":"11","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00716-0","article-title":"Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Younesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1631-3","article-title":"Resolving the fibrotic niche of human liver cirrhosis at single-cell level","volume":"575","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2410OC","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Lung Provides Insights into the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"199","author":"Reyfman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.03.021","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis: Myofibroblast-mediated pathological regulation and drug delivery strategies","volume":"173","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.06.019","article-title":"P2Y12 inhibitor clopidogrel inhibits renal fibrosis by blocking macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/2153-3539.139707","article-title":"Automated quantification of aligned collagen for human breast carcinoma prognosis","volume":"5","author":"Bredfeldt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bankhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200003000-00012","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis. A treatment approach","volume":"372","author":"Hannafin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226015580?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226015580?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:53:21Z","timestamp":1791838401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226015580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226015580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of an immediate-early gene-activated fibroblast state in frozen shoulder capsular fibrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116183","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116183"}}