{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:35:41Z","timestamp":1792218941367,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M770761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M770761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009018","name":"Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJ3-0308-00-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ3-0308-00-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:35:32Z","timestamp":1782358532000},"page":"116553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex differences in disease burden in China from 1990 to 2023 triangulating GBD and CHARLS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9259-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taixiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31561-0","article-title":"Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine","volume":"396","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg156","article-title":"Genders, sexes, and health: what are the connections\u2014and why does it matter?","volume":"32","author":"Krieger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30652-X","article-title":"Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health","volume":"393","author":"Heise","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00053-7","article-title":"Differences across the lifespan between females and males in the top 20 causes of disease burden globally: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"9","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib5","first-page":"1883","article-title":"Burden of musculoskeletal and headache disorders in Asian countries, 1990\u20132021: a cross-sectional analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Iran","volume":"54","author":"Bae","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13202552","article-title":"Spinal cord injury epidemiology and causes: a worldwide analysis with 2050 projections","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30427-1","article-title":"Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"394","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-019-0486-6","article-title":"The development and reform of public health in China from 1949 to 2019","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib9","article-title":"Does the Healthy China 2030 Policy improve people\u2019s health? Empirical evidence from China","volume":"11","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30160-4","article-title":"Healthy China 2030: moving from blueprint to action with a new focus on public health","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.70087","article-title":"Epidemiological trends and disease burden of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer in China and globally from 1990 to 2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00251-0","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","article-title":"Cohort profile: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.07.030","article-title":"Global road safety 2010\u201318: an analysis of Global Status Reports","volume":"56","author":"Rosen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00340-2","article-title":"Contrasting male and female trends in tobacco-attributed mortality in China: evidence from successive nationwide prospective cohort studies","volume":"386","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15529-7","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between active smoking and lung cancer mortality\/prevalence in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ai","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03514.x","article-title":"Drinking behaviour among men and women in China: the 2007 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03331.x","article-title":"Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review","volume":"49","author":"Galdas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324754","article-title":"Men: good health and high mortality. Sex differences in health and aging","volume":"20","author":"Oksuzyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S37929","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: assessing sex and gender differences","volume":"6","author":"Mielke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.04.008","article-title":"Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Nebel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e670","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00232-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders, 1990\u20132020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71530","article-title":"Liver fibrosis and risk of incident dementia in the general population: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Jamalinia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16568","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and sex-specific risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Jamalinia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70168-7","article-title":"Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries","volume":"2","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312595","article-title":"Household air pollution and measures of blood pressure, arterial stiffness and central haemodynamics","volume":"104","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01637-X","volume":"406","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13162077","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of burn injury by total body surface area involvement from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13151774","article-title":"Epidemiology and future burden of vertebral fractures: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 1990\u20132021","volume":"13","author":"Bae","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30388-9","article-title":"Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement","volume":"388","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00069-8","article-title":"Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study","volume":"3","author":"Salomon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201500263","article-title":"Projecting the future burden of cancer: Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations","volume":"59","author":"Riebler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00353","article-title":"Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit","volume":"64","author":"Spiegelhalter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B Stat. Methodol."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226019280?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226019280?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:21:14Z","timestamp":1788225674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226019280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226019280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex differences in disease burden in China from 1990 to 2023 triangulating GBD and CHARLS","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116553","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116553"}}