{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T02:12:59Z","timestamp":1788228779930,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11220624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001675","name":"International Brain Research Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-3304417299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-3304417299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016968","name":"National Fund of Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1231557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1231557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T11:29:33Z","timestamp":1782559773000},"page":"116636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spinal cord injury induces mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming in non-regenerative Xenopus laevis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Miguel E.","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Cordero-V\u00e9liz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Quijada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol","family":"Torruella-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johany","family":"Pe\u00f1ailillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Eisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula G.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"Ahuja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1955","article-title":"Therapeutic interventions after spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Thuret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib3","series-title":"Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Demographics at a Glance, 2024 Birmingham","author":"Center","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-1008-3","article-title":"Recent update on basic mechanisms of spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Quadri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1089\/0897715041269641","article-title":"The role of excitotoxicity in secondary mechanisms of spinal cord injury: a review with an emphasis on the implications for white matter degeneration","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0752144.x","article-title":"The role of reactive nitrogen species in secondary spinal cord injury: formation of nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and nitrated protein","volume":"75","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708783503177","article-title":"Role of free radicals and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the development of spinal cord injury: new potential therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Genovese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.12.045","article-title":"Macrophage activation and its role in repair and pathology after spinal cord injury","volume":"1619","author":"Gensel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2010.07.014","article-title":"Origin of new glial cells in intact and injured adult spinal cord","volume":"7","author":"Barnab\u00e9-Heider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060853","article-title":"Current advancements in spinal cord injury research\u2014glial scar formation and neural regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Clifford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkab035","article-title":"Deciphering glial scar after spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20121807","article-title":"Spinal cord regeneration: where fish, frogs and salamanders lead the way, can we follow?","volume":"451","author":"Diaz Quiroz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900380305","article-title":"Studies on regeneration in the spinal cord. III. Reestablishment of anatomical and physiological continuity after transection in frog tadpoles","volume":"38","author":"Hooker","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480210714","article-title":"Metamorphosis alters the response to spinal cord transection in Xenopus laevis frogs","volume":"21","author":"Beattie","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.03.009","article-title":"Regeneration of Xenopus laevis spinal cord requires Sox2\/3 expressing cells","volume":"408","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13064-021-00152-2","article-title":"Cellular response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages in Xenopus laevis","volume":"16","author":"Edwards-Faret","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-7-13","article-title":"Spinal cord regeneration in Xenopus tadpoles proceeds through activation of Sox2-positive cells","volume":"7","author":"Gaete","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-021-00179-3","article-title":"Analysis of the early response to spinal cord injury identified a key role for mTORC1 signaling in the activation of neural stem progenitor cells","volume":"6","author":"Pe\u00f1ailillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04261-x","article-title":"Mitochondrial function in spinal cord injury and regeneration","volume":"79","author":"Slater","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/1577","article-title":"Glutamate-induced neuron death requires mitochondrial calcium uptake","volume":"1","author":"Stout","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006893903113","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial calcium transport in the control of substrate oxidation","volume":"184","author":"Hansford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1396","article-title":"The mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2, 4-dinitrophenol improves mitochondrial function, attenuates oxidative damage, and increases white matter sparing in the contused spinal cord","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0172-2","article-title":"We need to talk about the Warburg effect","volume":"2","author":"DeBerardinis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.364","article-title":"Metabolic oxidation regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Yanes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.13374","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming during neuronal differentiation from aerobic glycolysis to neuronal oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.143420","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in stem cell fate and aging","volume":"145","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-11-70","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of gene expression during Xenopus tropicalis tadpole tail regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Love","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2659","article-title":"Amputation-induced reactive oxygen species are required for successful Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111552","article-title":"Elevated pentose phosphate pathway flux supports appendage regeneration","volume":"41","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.95","article-title":"High throughput measurement of metabolism in planarians reveals activation of glycolysis during regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Osuma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.562940","article-title":"Functional Characterization of the Lin28\/let-7 Circuit During Forelimb Regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum and Its Influence on Metabolic Reprogramming","volume":"8","author":"Varela-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-9-12","article-title":"Genome-wide expression profile of the response to spinal cord injury in Xenopus laevis reveals extensive differences between regenerative and non-regenerative stages","volume":"9","author":"Lee-Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA117.000215","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics after spinal cord injury (SCI) in a regenerative and a nonregenerative stage in the frog Xenopus laevis","volume":"17","author":"Lee-Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1529093","article-title":"Xenopus laevis neural stem progenitor cells exhibit a transient metabolic shift toward glycolysis during spinal cord regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Slater","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24037","article-title":"Acute spinal cord injury is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse urothelium","volume":"38","author":"Kullmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib36","article-title":"Regulation of Nrf2\/GPX4 Signaling Pathway by Hyperbaric Oxygen Protects Against Depressive Behavior and Cognitive Impairment in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24441","article-title":"Cellular composition and organization of the spinal cord central canal during metamorphosis of the frog Xenopus laevis","volume":"526","author":"Edwards-Faret","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170104","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics: overview of molecular mechanisms","volume":"62","author":"Tilokani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032711","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and its involvement in disease","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.12.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic regulation","volume":"27","author":"Wai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.30.2.269","article-title":"Ultrastructural bases for metabolically linked mechanical activity in mitochondria: I. Reversible ultrastructural changes with change in metabolic steady state in isolated liver mitochondria","volume":"30","author":"Hackenbrock","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105011","article-title":"Mito-morphosis: mitochondrial fusion, fission, and cristae remodeling as key mediators of cellular function","volume":"78","author":"Pernas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42373","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.413674","article-title":"Electron microscopic analysis of a spherical mitochondrial structure","volume":"287","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305462110","article-title":"Age-dependent dissociation of ATP synthase dimers and loss of inner-membrane cristae in mitochondria","volume":"110","author":"Daum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib45","article-title":"Visualization of mitochondrial respiratory function using cytochrome c oxidase\/succinate dehydrogenase (COX\/SDH) double-labeling histochemistry","volume":"e3266","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2014.09.002","article-title":"ATP\/ADP ratio, the missed connection between mitochondria and the Warburg effect","volume":"19 Pt A","author":"Maldonado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1082","article-title":"P2X7 receptor inhibition improves recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040535","article-title":"Glycolysis","volume":"13","author":"Chandel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3002-1-8","article-title":"Balancing glycolytic flux: the role of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase\/fructose 2, 6-bisphosphatases in cancer metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Ros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0101","article-title":"Role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in metabolic remodeling: differential pyruvate dehydrogenase complex functions in metabolism","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqz046","article-title":"CPT1A-mediated fat oxidation, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential","volume":"161","author":"Schlaepfer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2014.09.015","article-title":"PPAR gamma gene\u2013a review","volume":"9","author":"Janani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol. Syndr.: Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.035","article-title":"Regenerative potential of ependymal cells for spinal cord injuries over time","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24001","article-title":"Characterization of multiciliated ependymal cells that emerge in the neurogenic niche of the aged zebrafish brain","volume":"524","author":"Ogino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23501","article-title":"The adult macaque spinal cord central canal zone contains proliferative cells and closely resembles the human","volume":"522","author":"Alfaro-Cervello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3110","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury-induced ependymal ciliary loss decreases cerebral spinal fluid flow","volume":"31","author":"Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2018.02.006","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic homeostasis","volume":"3","author":"Sebasti\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.123023","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeting materials and therapies for regenerative engineering","volume":"316","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2220","article-title":"During autophagy mitochondria elongate, are spared from degradation and sustain cell viability","volume":"13","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0511-521","article-title":"Mitochondria unite to survive","volume":"13","author":"Blackstone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01547-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28331","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission is an acute and adaptive response in injured motor neurons","volume":"6","author":"Kiryu-Seo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601963","article-title":"Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Twig","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.02.060","article-title":"Parkin-mediated selective mitochondrial autophagy, mitophagy: Parkin purges damaged organelles from the vital mitochondrial network","volume":"584","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.05.033","article-title":"Mitochondrial fusion and fission after spinal sacord injury in rats","volume":"1522","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.175061","article-title":"Time representation of mitochondrial morphology and function after acute spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1270","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in myopathic mice with collagen VI deficiency","volume":"35","author":"Irwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442676","article-title":"A mitochondrial myopathy with a defective respiratory chain and carnitine deficiency","volume":"140","author":"Sengers","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.06.013","article-title":"Acylglycerol kinase mutated in Sengers syndrome is a subunit of the TIM22 protein translocase in mitochondria","volume":"67","author":"Vukotic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01609-1","article-title":"The internal structure of mitochondria","volume":"25","author":"Frey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1630","article-title":"Correlated three-dimensional light and electron microscopy reveals transformation of mitochondria during apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18792","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400920200","article-title":"Loss of the intermembrane space protein Mgm1\/OPA1 induces swelling and localized constrictions along the lengths of mitochondria","volume":"279","author":"Griparic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.460708","article-title":"Prohibitins control cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating OPA1-dependent cristae morphogenesis in mitochondria","volume":"22","author":"Merkwirth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-08-0697","article-title":"The mitochondrial inner membrane protein mitofilin controls cristae morphology","volume":"16","author":"John","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00004","article-title":"In vivo imaging of mitochondrial transport in single-axon regeneration of zebrafish mauthner cells","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oons\/kvad004","article-title":"Energy metabolic pathways in neuronal development and function","volume":"2","author":"Rumpf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxf. Open Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10168","article-title":"Temporal progression of angiogenesis and basal lamina deposition after contusive spinal cord injury in the adult rat","volume":"445","author":"Loy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10759","article-title":"Blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury: Relation to revascularization and wound healing","volume":"74","author":"Whetstone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.03.006","article-title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment following spinal cord injury improves mitochondrial function correlated with remarkable tissue sparing and functional recovery","volume":"210","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.11.065","article-title":"Ketones inhibit mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species production following glutamate excitotoxicity by increasing NADH oxidation","volume":"145","author":"Maalouf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03334-5","article-title":"Lipid droplets in central nervous system and functional profiles of brain cells containing lipid droplets in various diseases","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.01.029","article-title":"Fatty acid trafficking in starved cells: regulation by lipid droplet lipolysis, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion dynamics","volume":"32","author":"Rambold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.02.011","article-title":"Mitochondria bound to lipid droplets: where mitochondrial dynamics regulate lipid storage and utilization","volume":"29","author":"Benador","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.003","article-title":"Mitochondria bound to lipid droplets have unique bioenergetics, composition, and dynamics that support lipid droplet expansion","volume":"27","author":"Benador","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.192021","article-title":"The why, when and how of lipid droplet diversity","volume":"130","author":"Thiam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib86","article-title":"Lipid Droplets Metabolism Mediated by ANXA7-PPAR\u03b3 Signaling Axis Regulates Spinal Cord Injury Repair in Mice","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17016","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2017.16","article-title":"Clearing the outer mitochondrial membrane from harmful proteins via lipid droplets","volume":"3","author":"Bischof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.774985","article-title":"Lipid droplets protect aging mitochondria and thus promote lifespan in yeast cells","volume":"9","author":"Kovacs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1359451","article-title":"Lipid droplets and lipotoxicity during autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01405","article-title":"Generation and clearance of myelin debris after spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105608","article-title":"Myelin and non-myelin debris contribute to foamy macrophage formation after spinal cord injury","volume":"163","author":"Ryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.177","article-title":"Spinal cord regeneration in Xenopus laevis","volume":"12","author":"Edwards-Faret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spinal cord transection in xenopus laevis tadpoles","volume":"178","author":"Slater","year":"2021","journal-title":"JoVE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib94","series-title":"Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): A Systematical and Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metamorphosis","author":"Nieuwkoop","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT\u2013PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib96","article-title":"Do's and don'ts in the preparation of muscle cryosections for histological analysis","volume":"52793","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib97","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tissue triage and freezing for models of skeletal muscle disease","volume":"89","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"JoVE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D761","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm826","article-title":"Xenbase: a Xenopus biology and genomics resource","volume":"36","author":"Bowes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19840","article-title":"Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis","volume":"538","author":"Session","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636_bib100","first-page":"1836","article-title":"DeepGOA: Predicting Gene Ontology Annotations of Proteins via Graph Convolutional Network","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE"}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226020122?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226020122?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:14:44Z","timestamp":1788225284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226020122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226020122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spinal cord injury induces mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming in non-regenerative Xenopus laevis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.116636","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116636"}}