{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:49:08Z","timestamp":1791596948559,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JJ80899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ80899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IEC\\u2216NSFC\\u2216211323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IEC\\u2216NSFC\\u2216211323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:01:40Z","timestamp":1787043700000},"page":"117220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimized Ag enhances antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance of extruded Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca alloy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9482-3495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3321-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-2878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dikai","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingzhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5201-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(18)30310-3","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges and future perspectives in fracture-related infection","volume":"49","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0019-y","article-title":"Implant infections: adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion","volume":"16","author":"Arciola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20921","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c01389","article-title":"Anti-periprosthetic infection strategies: From implant surface topographical engineering to smart drug-releasing coatings","volume":"13","author":"Ghimire","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18022","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c21875","article-title":"Zinc-Doped Antibacterial Coating as a Single Approach to Unlock Multifunctional and Highly Resistant Titanium Implant Surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Malheiros","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11010068","article-title":"Light-responsive nanocapsule-coated polymer films for antimicrobial active packaging","volume":"11","author":"Marturano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2025.01.215","article-title":"Comprehensive review of Mg-based alloys: Mechanical, chemical and biological properties for prosthetic and orthopedic applications","volume":"35","author":"C","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib7","article-title":"Versatile application of magnesium-related bone implants in the treatment of bone defects","volume":"31","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41529-025-00658-8","article-title":"Controllable degradation behavior, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of Mg-Sr-Mn alloys for the orthopedic medical applications","volume":"9","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Mater. Degrad."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2023.08.018","article-title":"Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys: A review","volume":"11","author":"Shahed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib10","article-title":"Mg-Zn-and Fe-Based Alloys With Antibacterial Properties as Orthopedic Implant Materials","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst14110939","article-title":"Antibacterial Pure Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Materials\u2014A Review","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2024.02.060","article-title":"Effects of Ga\/Ag addition on corrosion behavior, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity of biodegradable Mg\u20132Zn alloy","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2025.132519","article-title":"Mg-Zn-Ca alloys for biodegradable medical implants. Part I: Effects of zinc and calcium on mechanical and corrosion behavior and cytocompatibility","volume":"513","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/solids6020017","article-title":"Optimizing the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Performance of Low-Alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Regulating Zn\/Ca Atomic Ratios","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Solids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.181127","article-title":"A phase-based approach to optimizing the mechanical and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ca alloys","volume":"1031","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2021.115944","article-title":"Effects of Ca addition on microstructure, electrochemical behavior and magnesium-air battery performance of Mg-2Zn-xCa alloys","volume":"904","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2024.01.034","article-title":"Biodegradable Mg-Ca\/Mg-Cu bilayer membranes with enhanced mechanical, osteogenesis and antibacterial performances for GBR applications","volume":"13","author":"Shan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.185275","article-title":"Effect of Cu content on microstructure and properties of biodegradable porous Mg-5Zn alloy scaffolds fabricated by SLM","volume":"1049","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2557518","article-title":"Influences of Extrusion and Silver Content on the Degradation of Mg-Ag Alloys In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioinorg. Chem. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2013.03.061","article-title":"Influence of silver addition on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloys for biomedical application","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11665-019-03923-5","article-title":"In Vitro Degradation, Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Mg-3Zn-xAg Nanocomposites Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying for Implant Applications","volume":"28","author":"Razzaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Eng. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.07.088","article-title":"The mechanical and corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn-Ca-Ag alloys: the influence of Ag content","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s40962-020-00558-4","article-title":"Effect of Addition of Silver and Chilled Casting on Corrosion Behavior of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy","volume":"15","author":"Khorasanian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Metalcast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2021.05.013","article-title":"Evaluation on the corrosion resistance, antibacterial property and osteogenic activity of biodegradable Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn-Ag alloys","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab6a52","article-title":"Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of novel quaternary biodegradable extruded Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca-xAg alloys","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(21)65737-0","article-title":"Effects of trace Ag on precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.07.258","article-title":"Toward understanding the effects of solution heat treatment, Ag addition, and simultaneous Ag and Cu addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the biodegradable Mg-2Zn alloy","volume":"26","author":"Asadollahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2021.109408","article-title":"Effect of Ag on cathodic activation and corrosion behaviour of Mg-Mn-Ag alloys","volume":"185","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2021.09.005","article-title":"A comprehensive review on biocompatible Mg-based alloys as temporary orthopaedic implants: Current status, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"10","author":"Bairagi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2026.186770","article-title":"In-vitro corrosion and mechanical degradation of Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca-xAg alloys in Hanks\u2019 solution","volume":"1057","author":"Yi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02916-w","article-title":"Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges","volume":"61","author":"Rosanoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3808","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c09617","article-title":"Metal\u2013Organic-Framework-Based Materials for Antimicrobial Applications","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib33","article-title":"Copper clusters: An effective antibacterial for eradicating multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in vitro and in vivo","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2023.08.010","article-title":"Enhanced corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and osteogenesis by Cu ion optimized MgAl-layered double hydroxide on Mg alloy","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.174376","article-title":"Effects of micro-alloying Ag on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of extruded Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca-xAg alloys","volume":"989","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117484","article-title":"Influences and strategies for bone regeneration based on microenvironment pH adjustment","volume":"196","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-021-00341-y","article-title":"Facile distribution of an alkaline microenvironment improves human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis on a titanium surface through the ITG\/FAK\/ALP pathway","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib38","first-page":"374","article-title":"Magnesium implants with alternating magnetic field-enhanced hydrogen release and proton depletion for anti-infection treatment and tissue repair","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib39","first-page":"354","article-title":"Construction of a magnesium hydroxide\/graphene oxide\/hydroxyapatite composite coating on Mg-Ca-Zn-Ag alloy to inhibit bacterial infection and promote bone regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109350","article-title":"The Role of Antibacterial Metallic Elements in Simultaneously Improving the Corrosion Resistance and Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Alloys","volume":"198","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2025.05.009","article-title":"Advances in magnesium-based implants for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35503","article-title":"Alkalization is responsible for antibacterial effects of corroding magnesium","volume":"103","author":"Rahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2024.06.015","article-title":"A state-of-the-art review on recent advances in the fabrication and characteristics of magnesium-based alloys in biomedical applications","volume":"12","author":"Akbarzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102363","article-title":"Antimicrobial Properties of Magnesium Open Opportunities to Develop Healthier Food","volume":"11","author":"Demishtein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.10.007","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial properties of magnesium metal against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"6","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2026.102015","article-title":"Recommendation for biological evaluations on biodegradable magnesium-based materials: Based on the coupling impact of pH value and Mg2+ on cells and bacteria","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib47","article-title":"Biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys with enhanced osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and long-lasting antibacterial effects","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.012","article-title":"Endowing biodegradable Zinc implants with dual-function of antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity by micro-addition of Mg and Ag (\u2264 0.1 wt.%)","volume":"157","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2022.213099","article-title":"A concise review on implications of silver nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering","volume":"141","author":"Damle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.019","article-title":"The synergistic antibacterial activity and mechanism of multicomponent metal ions-containing aqueous solutions against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.07.089","article-title":"A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Campoccia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-025-00595-w","article-title":"Antibacterial potential of silver and zinc loaded plasma-electrolytic oxidation coatings for dental titanium implants","volume":"11","author":"Paiwand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05104-w","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of NiTi orthodontic wires coated with silver nanoparticles and nanocomposites: an in vitro study","volume":"24","author":"Abdallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib54","article-title":"Antibacterial and osseointegration evaluation of silver ion-implanted orthopaedic implants","volume":"1\u201312","author":"Hawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Micromanuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib55","first-page":"2569","article-title":"Antibacterial metals and alloys for potential biomedical implants","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01485","article-title":"Release Strategies of Silver Ions from Materials for Bacterial Killing","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib57","first-page":"363","article-title":"Reduction reactions dominate the interactions between Mg alloys and cells: Understanding the mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12111922","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Formed by Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Physiological Media-A Review of Reactions of Importance to Nanotoxicity and Proposal for Categorization","volume":"12","author":"Kessler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib59","first-page":"4470","article-title":"Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mechanisms to applications","volume":"6","author":"Godoy-Gallardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.969641","article-title":"Strontium-doped apatitic bone cements with tunable antibacterial and antibiofilm ability","volume":"10","author":"Dapporto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43393-3","article-title":"Enhanced in vitro immersion behavior and antibacterial activity of NiTi orthopedic biomaterial by HAp-Nb2O5 composite deposits","volume":"13","author":"Safavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB01319D","article-title":"Addition of Zn to the ternary Mg-Ca-Sr alloys significantly improves their antibacterial property","volume":"3","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220_bib63","article-title":"Corrosion behavior of in-situ synthesized ZnO-containing coatings of AZ31B magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in simulated body fluids","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226025988?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226025988?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:52:25Z","timestamp":1791593545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226025988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226025988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimized Ag enhances antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance of extruded Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca alloy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117220","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117220"}}