{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T22:25:31Z","timestamp":1794349531513,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008662","name":"Joachim Herz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:38:52Z","timestamp":1790012332000},"page":"117499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Data-driven burst shape analysis for functional phenotyping of neuronal cultures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3194-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim J.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Giannakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schmidt-Barbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Levina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Vinogradov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00824-y","article-title":"Network state transitions during cortical development","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08075-8","article-title":"Neuronal sequences in population bursts encode information in human cortex","volume":"635","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13758","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707492105","article-title":"Development of input connections in neural cultures","volume":"105","author":"Soriano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515105113","article-title":"Network synchronization in hippocampal neurons","volume":"113","author":"Penn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib5","article-title":"Deep inverse modeling reveals dynamic-dependent invariances in neural circuit mechanisms","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00067.2004","article-title":"Single-neuron discharge properties and network activity in dissociated cultures of neocortex","volume":"92","author":"Giugliano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.12.062","article-title":"Longterm stability and developmental changes in spontaneous network burst firing patterns in dissociated rat cerebral cortex cell cultures on multielectrode arrays","volume":"361","author":"Van Pelt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.64.011920","article-title":"Observations and modeling of synchronized bursting in two-dimensional neural networks","volume":"64","author":"Segev","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53647-8","article-title":"Functional characterization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical networks differentiated on laminin-521 substrate: comparison to rat cortical cultures","volume":"9","author":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.07.001","article-title":"Human neuronal networks on micro-electrode arrays are a highly robust tool to study disease-specific genotype-phenotype correlations in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Mossink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad245","article-title":"SCN1a-deficient excitatory neuronal networks display mutation-specific phenotypes","volume":"146","author":"van Hugte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2024.09.001","article-title":"Breaking the burst: Unveiling mechanisms behind fragmented network bursts in patient-derived neurons","volume":"19","author":"Doorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14874","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0721-14.2014","article-title":"Impaired action potential initiation in GABAergic interneurons causes hyperexcitable networks in an epileptic mouse model carrying a human NaV1.1 mutation","volume":"34","author":"Hedrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12947-3","article-title":"Neuronal network dysfunction in a model for Kleefstra syndrome mediated by enhanced NMDAR signaling","volume":"10","author":"Frega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-11","article-title":"An extremely rich repertoire of bursting patterns during the development of cortical cultures","volume":"7","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13064-014-0028-0","article-title":"Quantitative differences in developmental profiles of spontaneous activity in cortical and hippocampal cultures","volume":"10","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib17","first-page":"423","article-title":"Revealing neuronal function through microelectrode array recordings","volume":"8","author":"Obien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/acce12","article-title":"The potential of in vitro neuronal networks cultured on micro electrode arrays for biomedical research","volume":"5","author":"Cerina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/biophysica3010012","article-title":"Neuronal cultures: Exploring biophysics, complex systems, and medicine in a dish","volume":"3","author":"Soriano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biophysica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018459118","article-title":"Neuronal circuits overcome imbalance in excitation and inhibition by adjusting connection numbers","volume":"118","author":"Sukenik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.11.014","article-title":"Long-term calcium imaging reveals functional development in hiPSC-derived cultures comparable to human but not rat primary cultures","volume":"18","author":"Est\u00e9vez-Priego","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2552-16.2017","article-title":"Mesoscale architecture shapes initiation and richness of spontaneous network activity","volume":"37","author":"Okujeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00995.2015","article-title":"Network burst activity in hippocampal neuronal cultures: The role of synaptic and intrinsic currents","volume":"115","author":"Suresh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00384K","article-title":"Compact 256-channel multi-well microelectrode array system for in vitro neuropharmacology test","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae330","article-title":"CACNA1A haploinsufficiency leads to reduced synaptic function and increased intrinsic excitability","volume":"148","author":"Hommersom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.98.148101","article-title":"Diverse Population-Bursting Modes of Adapting Spiking Neurons","volume":"98","author":"Gigante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00889.2010","article-title":"Slow oscillating population activity in developing cortical networks: Models and experimental results","volume":"106","author":"Baltz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02111-0","article-title":"Preconfigured neuronal firing sequences in human brain organoids","volume":"29","author":"Van Der Molen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8465","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1627-06.2006","article-title":"Dynamics and Effective Topology Underlying Synchronization in Networks of Cortical Neurons","volume":"26","author":"Eytan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib30","article-title":"Effective excitability captures network dynamics across development and phenotypes","author":"Vinogradov","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib31","article-title":"Inference for the generalization error","volume":"12","author":"Nadeau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Time for a change: a tutorial for comparing multiple classifiers through bayesian analysis","volume":"18","author":"Benavoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib33","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08369-0","article-title":"Stimulation triggers endogenous activity patterns in cultured cortical networks","volume":"7","author":"Pasquale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib35","first-page":"193","article-title":"Parameters for burst detection","volume":"7","author":"Bakkum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00093.2016","article-title":"A comparison of computational methods for detecting bursts in neuronal spike trains and their application to human stem cell-derived neuronal networks","volume":"116","author":"Cotterill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1446578","article-title":"autoMEA: machine learning-based burst detection for multi-electrode array datasets","volume":"18","author":"Hernandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib38","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","first-page":"855","article-title":"Node2vec: Scalable Feature Learning for Networks","author":"Grover","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41220-2","article-title":"Inhibition increases response variability and reduces stimulus discrimination in random networks of cortical neurons","volume":"9","author":"Haroush","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2686","article-title":"Noise focusing and the emergence of coherent activity in neuronal cultures","volume":"9","author":"Orlandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18620-4","article-title":"Versatile live-cell activity analysis platform for characterization of neuronal dynamics at single-cell and network level","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23113-z","article-title":"16p11.2 deletion is associated with hyperactivation of human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron networks and is rescued by RHOA inhibition in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Sundberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-04018-2","article-title":"In vitro electrophysiological drug testing on neuronal networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Parodi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib44","article-title":"Profiling human iPSC-derived sensory neurons for analgesic drug screening using a multi-electrode array","volume":"5","author":"Fofie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2026.0576","article-title":"Bridging the scales via personalized cellular modeling and deep phenotyping in schizophrenia","volume":"83","author":"Raabe","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/b7f972c2-57df-44c4-9d54-9f194222d762","article-title":"Network Bursting Dynamics in Excitatory Cortical Neuron Cultures Results from the Combination of Different Adaptive Mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Masquelier","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00969.2010","article-title":"Network bursts in hippocampal microcultures are terminated by exhaustion of vesicle pools","volume":"106","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade1755","article-title":"Modular architecture facilitates noise-driven control of synchrony in neuronal networks","volume":"9","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08209-2","article-title":"Automated inference of disease mechanisms in patient-hiPSC-derived neuronal networks","volume":"8","author":"Doorn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib50","article-title":"MEA-NAP: A flexible network analysis pipeline for neuronal 2D and 3D organoid multielectrode recordings","volume":"4","author":"Sit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2010.05.002","article-title":"Investigating neuronal activity by SPYCODE multi-channel data analyzer","volume":"23","author":"Bologna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2004.10.094","article-title":"Burst detection algorithms for the analysis of spatio-temporal patterns in cortical networks of neurons","volume":"65\u201366","author":"Chiappalone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib53","first-page":"173","article-title":"Dynamics and plasticity in developing neuronal networks in vitro","volume":"147","author":"Van Pelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-022-09591-6","article-title":"MEA-ToolBox: An Open Source Toolbox for Standardized Analysis of Multi-Electrode Array Data","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13056-x","article-title":"The art of using t-SNE for single-cell transcriptomics","volume":"10","author":"Kobak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226028786?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004226028786?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T21:59:54Z","timestamp":1794347994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004226028786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004226028786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Data-driven burst shape analysis for functional phenotyping of neuronal cultures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.117499","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117499"}}