{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:47:14Z","timestamp":1792651634422,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":357,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T01:32:21Z","timestamp":1646357541000},"page":"296-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: expanding the concept of molecular mimicry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon D.","family":"Laman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Huizinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geert-Jan","family":"Boons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart C.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.08.014","article-title":"Negative selection, epitope mimicry and autoimmunity","volume":"49","author":"Rose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2014.917411","article-title":"Rheumatic fever, autoimmunity, and molecular mimicry: The streptococcal connection","volume":"33","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)80069-1","article-title":"Viruses as triggers of autoimmunity: facts and fantasies","volume":"2","author":"Whitton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.7.3077-3088.2001","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus-induced keratitis: Evaluation of the role of molecular mimicry in lesion pathogenesis","volume":"75","author":"Deshpande","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1110","article-title":"The spectrum of antecedent infections in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: A case-control study","volume":"51","author":"Jacobs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00562-6","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: A case-control study","volume":"387","author":"Cao-Lormeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000111","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with preceding hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"82","author":"van den Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70140-7","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after exposure to influenza virus","volume":"10","author":"Lehmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01556-7","article-title":"Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"Patone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab279","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection in an international prospective cohort study","volume":"144","author":"Luijten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000952","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome outbreak in Peru 2019 associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection","volume":"8","author":"Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1086\/504294","article-title":"Incidence of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome among patients with Campylobacter infection: A general practice research database study","volume":"194","author":"Tam","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir074","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome following primary cytomegalovirus infection: A prospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Orlikowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy232","article-title":"Regional variation of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Doets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02301-0","article-title":"Autoantibody screening in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Lleixa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000284","article-title":"Microarray screening of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome sera for antibodies to glycolipid complexes","volume":"3","author":"Halstead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6042-9","article-title":"Preceding infections and anti-ganglioside antibody profiles assessed by a dot immunoassay in 306 French Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome patients","volume":"258","author":"Caudie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf272","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathies and anti-glycolipid antibodies","volume":"125","author":"Willison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2014.10.2.94","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and their clinical correlates with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in Korea: A nationwide multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.1911","article-title":"Serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: Clinical and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"43","author":"Chiba","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00029-7","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of anti-ganglioside antibodies before and after Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome onset subsequent to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis","volume":"210","author":"Odaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000148727.02732.01","article-title":"HLA class II alleles are not a general susceptibility factor in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Geleijns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90244-F","article-title":"Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky\u2019s postulates revisited)","volume":"14","author":"Rose","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.12.004","article-title":"The Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: A true case of molecular mimicry","volume":"25","author":"Ang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00872-06","article-title":"Structural characterization of Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide outer cores associated with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 and Miller Fisher syndromes","volume":"75","author":"Godschalk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07029.x","article-title":"Antibodies against ganglioside complexes in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and related disorders","volume":"116","author":"Kusunoki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24755","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae triggering the Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: A case-control study","volume":"80","author":"Meyer Sauteur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20222","article-title":"Ganglioside complexes as new target antigens in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Kaida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37338","article-title":"The neuropathic potential of anti-GM1 autoantibodies is regulated by the local glycolipid environment in mice","volume":"119","author":"Greenshields","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082337","article-title":"Antibodies to heteromeric glycolipid complexes in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010147","article-title":"On-membrane dynamic interplay between anti-GM1 IgG antibodies and complement component C1q","volume":"21","author":"Yanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390512","article-title":"Immune attack on the Schwann cell surface in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","volume":"39","author":"Hafer-Macko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284784","article-title":"Early nodal changes in the acute motor axonal neuropathy pattern of the Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Griffin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww056","article-title":"Anti-ganglioside antibodies are removed from circulation in mice by neuronal endocytosis","volume":"139","author":"Cunningham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59110","article-title":"Anti-ganglioside antibody internalization attenuates motor nerve terminal injury in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy","volume":"122","author":"Fewou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.50","article-title":"Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome: clinical and immunological range","volume":"70","author":"Odaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.5008-5018.2002","article-title":"Tolerance to self gangliosides is the major factor restricting the antibody response to lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides in Campylobacter jejuni strains associated with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Bowes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0750404.x","article-title":"High-affinity anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies raised in complex ganglioside knockout mice: Reexamination of GD1a immunolocalization","volume":"75","author":"Lunn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2148-2151.2004","article-title":"Normally occurring human anti-GM1 immunoglobulin M antibodies and the immune response to bacteria","volume":"72","author":"Alaniz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102571","article-title":"A Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome-associated SIGLEC10 rare variant impairs its recognition of gangliosides","volume":"116","author":"Alborzian Deh Sheikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8372-9","article-title":"Division of labor during primary humoral immunity","volume":"55","author":"Swanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)00190-Y","article-title":"IgG anti-GM1 antibodies from patients with acute motor neuropathy are predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses","volume":"58","author":"Ogino","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.6.3049","article-title":"Analysis of anti-GM1 ganglioside IgM antibodies cloned from motor neuropathy patients demonstrates diverse V region gene usage with extensive somatic mutation","volume":"155","author":"Paterson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2172","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells direct B cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner","volume":"13","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210527","article-title":"T-independent antigen induces humoral memory through germinal centers","volume":"219","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108452200","article-title":"The genetic bases for the variation in the lipo-oligosaccharide of the mucosal pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni. Biosynthesis of sialylated ganglioside mimics in the core oligosaccharide","volume":"277","author":"Gilbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.05.014","article-title":"Origin of ganglioside complex antibodies in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"188","author":"Kuijf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124004","article-title":"Complex of GM1- and GD1a-like lipo-oligosaccharide mimics GM1b, inducing anti-GM1b antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Koga","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005807","article-title":"Heptose sounds the alarm: innate sensing of a bacterial sugar stimulates immunity","volume":"12","author":"Gaudet","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19611","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c08583","article-title":"Chemoenzymatic synthesis of Campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharide core domains to examine Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome serum antibody specificities","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2634-9","article-title":"Gut microorganisms act together to exacerbate inflammation in spinal cords","volume":"585","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat4301","article-title":"GDP-l-fucose synthase is a CD4+ T cell-specific autoantigen in DRB3*02:02 patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Planas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.054","article-title":"HLA-DR15 molecules jointly shape an autoreactive T cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04432-7","article-title":"Clonally expanded B cells in multiple sclerosis bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM","author":"Lanz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.757302","article-title":"Cumulative roles for Epstein-Barr virus, human endogenous retroviruses, and human herpes virus-6 in driving an inflammatory cascade underlying MS pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Meier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7188","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility","volume":"365","author":"International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.011","article-title":"Memory B cells activate brain-homing, autoreactive CD4+ T cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"175","author":"Jelcic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902623116","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between Anoctamin 2 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 associates with multiple sclerosis risk","volume":"116","author":"Tengvall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0594-z","article-title":"The gut microbiome in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"15","author":"Zamvil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87481-8","article-title":"T cell reactivity to regulatory factor X4 in type 1 narcolepsy","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12439","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome decreases in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Umapathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15324-X","article-title":"Effect of methylprednisolone when added to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: Randomised trial","volume":"363","author":"van Koningsveld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.156463","article-title":"Recurrent Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Kuitwaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124694","article-title":"Anti-neurofascin-155 IgG4 antibodies prevent paranodal complex formation in vivo","volume":"129","author":"Manso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1559-8","article-title":"Myelin-reactive antibodies initiate T cell-mediated CNS autoimmune disease by opsonization of endogenous antigen","volume":"132","author":"Kinzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000061615.77865.83","article-title":"Anti-GM1 antibody IgG subclass: A clinical recovery predictor in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Koga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2511","article-title":"Innate B cell helpers reveal novel types of antibody responses","volume":"14","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903014","article-title":"TLR4-mediated sensing of Campylobacter jejuni by dendritic cells is determined by sialylation","volume":"185","author":"Kuijf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00009-11","article-title":"Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharides modulate dendritic cell-mediated T cell polarization in a sialic acid linkage-dependent manner","volume":"79","author":"Bax","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199602000-00007","article-title":"Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies cloned from autoimmune neuropathy patients show diverse binding patterns in the rodent nervous system","volume":"55","author":"O\u2019Hanlon","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118529","article-title":"A somatically mutated human antiganglioside IgM antibody that induces experimental neuropathy in mice is encoded by the variable region heavy chain gene, V1-18","volume":"97","author":"Willison","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.04.002","article-title":"Innate murine B cells produce anti-disialosyl antibodies reactive with Campylobacter jejuni LPS and gangliosides that are polyreactive and encoded by a restricted set of unmutated V genes","volume":"152","author":"Boffey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.01.004","article-title":"Memory B cells in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"305","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.687","article-title":"IVIg-induced plasmablasts in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Brem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10425","article-title":"Cross-reactivity with myelin basic protein and human herpesvirus-6 in multiple sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Tejada-Simon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.10.010","article-title":"The human CMV-UL86 peptide 981-1003 shares a crossreactive T-cell epitope with the encephalitogenic MOG peptide 34-56, but lacks the capacity to induce EAE in rhesus monkeys","volume":"182","author":"Brok","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1803","article-title":"A Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific peptide induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats","volume":"167","author":"Lenz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00274-1","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between related sequences found in Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, myelin basic protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in multiple sclerosis","volume":"144","author":"Hughes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23651","article-title":"Aquaporin 4-specific T cells in neuromyelitis optica exhibit a Th17 bias and recognize Clostridium ABC transporter","volume":"72","author":"Varrin-Doyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.01.004","article-title":"Fine specificity of antibodies against AQP4: Epitope mapping reveals intracellular epitopes","volume":"36","author":"Kampylafka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12323","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818150116","article-title":"Autoimmunity to hypocretin and molecular mimicry to flu in type 1 narcolepsy","volume":"115","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13234-x","article-title":"In vivo clonal expansion and phenotypes of hypocretin-specific CD4+ T cells in narcolepsy patients and controls","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0250-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in ten steps","volume":"15","author":"Leonhard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003_bb2005","article-title":"Novel approach to monitor intravenous immunoglobulin pharmacokinetics in humans using polymorphic determinants in IgG1 constant domains","author":"van Tilburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147149062200028X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147149062200028X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T07:09:30Z","timestamp":1761462570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S147149062200028X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S147149062200028X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4906"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4906","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: expanding the concept of molecular mimicry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2022.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}