{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:19:52Z","timestamp":1792592392214,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":374,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","bmn.com","cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T02:32:20Z","timestamp":1726713140000},"page":"738-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Why do central nervous system barriers host a diverse immune landscape?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Nagela G.","family":"Zanluqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorian B.","family":"McGavern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.11.004","article-title":"What is immune privilege (not)?","volume":"28","author":"Galea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0010","first-page":"14","article-title":"On the transplantation of the rat sarcoma in adult heterogenous animals","volume":"1","author":"Shirai","year":"1921","journal-title":"Jap. Med. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.38.2.183","article-title":"Conditions determining the transplantability of tissues in the brain","volume":"38","author":"Murphy","year":"1923","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.1.145-151.1997","article-title":"The immunogenicity of intracerebral virus infection depends on anatomical site","volume":"71","author":"Stevenson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0025","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye","volume":"29","author":"Medawar","year":"1948","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aav0492","article-title":"The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Mastorakos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13066","article-title":"Immune dynamics in the CNS and its barriers during homeostasis and disease","volume":"306","author":"Buckley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666","article-title":"The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102319-103410","article-title":"Meningeal immunity and its function in maintenance of the central nervous system in health and disease","volume":"38","author":"Alves de Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.05.002","article-title":"Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain","volume":"156","author":"Coles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.07.002","article-title":"Macrophages on the margin: choroid plexus immune responses","volume":"44","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.805657","article-title":"How does the immune system enter the brain?","volume":"13","author":"Mapunda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2024.05.010","article-title":"The immune and metabolic milieu of the choroid plexus as a potential target in brain protection","volume":"47","author":"Tsitsou-Kampeli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.04.003","article-title":"Advances in meningeal immunity","volume":"24","author":"Rua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.002","article-title":"Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges","volume":"111","author":"Pietila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41580-4","article-title":"VE-cadherin in arachnoid and pia mater cells serves as a suitable landmark for in vivo imaging of CNS immune surveillance and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Mapunda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199805)23:1<1::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Structural organization of the perivascular astrocyte endfeet and their relationship with the endothelial glucose transporter: a confocal microscopy study","volume":"23","author":"Kacem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07202-9","article-title":"Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity","volume":"628","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2886-4","article-title":"Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses","volume":"587","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05753-x","article-title":"Bacteria hijack a meningeal neuroimmune axis to facilitate brain invasion","volume":"615","author":"Pinho-Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009256","article-title":"A murine model of Lyme disease demonstrates that Borrelia burgdorferi colonizes the dura mater and induces inflammation in the central nervous system","volume":"17","author":"Casselli","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adg6155","article-title":"Immaturity of immune cells around the dural venous sinuses contributes to viral meningoencephalitis in neonates","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9277","article-title":"Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders","volume":"373","author":"Brioschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4610","article-title":"High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment","volume":"20","author":"Korin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00880-y","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of CNS border compartment leukocytes reveals that B cells and their progenitors reside in non-diseased meninges","volume":"24","author":"Schafflick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.011","article-title":"High-dimensional single-cell mapping of central nervous system immune cells reveals distinct myeloid subsets in health, aging, and disease","volume":"48","author":"Mrdjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01051-9","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120240","article-title":"Microglia development and function","volume":"32","author":"Nayak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3265","article-title":"The anatomical and cellular basis of immune surveillance in the central nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0086-2","article-title":"Distinct myeloid cell subsets promote meningeal remodeling and vascular repair after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17545-2","article-title":"VEGFR2 signaling drives meningeal vascular regeneration upon head injury","volume":"11","author":"Koh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0344-y","article-title":"Infection drives meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impairs CNS immunity","volume":"20","author":"Rua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.10.005","article-title":"Meningeal macrophages protect against viral neuroinfection","volume":"55","author":"Rebejac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01108-3","article-title":"Distinct roles of the meningeal layers in CNS autoimmunity","volume":"25","author":"Merlini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220035","article-title":"Conserved meningeal lymphatic drainage circuits in mice and humans","volume":"219","author":"Jacob","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46617-w","article-title":"Beyond the microcirculation: sequestration of infected red blood cells and reduced flow in large draining veins in experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"15","author":"Oelschlegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"572","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29738","article-title":"Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI","volume":"6","author":"Absinta","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01029-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid regulates skull bone marrow niches via direct access through dural channels","volume":"25","author":"Mazzitelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01487-1","article-title":"Skull bone marrow channels as immune gateways to the central nervous system","volume":"26","author":"Mazzitelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0213-2","article-title":"Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration","volume":"21","author":"Herisson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0301-3","article-title":"Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull-meninges connections","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26455-w","article-title":"Quantitative 3D imaging of the cranial microvascular environment at single-cell resolution","volume":"12","author":"Rindone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2324","article-title":"Canalicular network morphology is the major determinant of the spatial distribution of mass density in human bone tissue: evidence by means of synchrotron radiation phase-contrast nano-CT","volume":"30","author":"Hesse","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-012-0422-7","article-title":"Interstitial fluid flow within bone canaliculi and electro-chemo-mechanical features of the canalicular milieu: a multi-parametric sensitivity analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sansalone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0250","first-page":"77","article-title":"Cranial diploic channels and their veins - a review of literature","volume":"62","author":"Skrzat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Med. Cracov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf7844","article-title":"Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma","volume":"373","author":"Cugurra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp1705","article-title":"The anatomy of brainwashing","volume":"385","author":"Kipnis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2020","article-title":"Fluid transport in the brain","volume":"102","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1812-4","article-title":"The role of brain barriers in fluid movement in the CNS: is there a 'glymphatic' system?","volume":"135","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.04.003","article-title":"The brain's glymphatic system: current controversies","volume":"43","author":"Mestre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202112898","article-title":"Application of fluorescent dextrans to the brain surface under constant pressure reveals AQP4-independent solute uptake","volume":"153","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.04.034","article-title":"Long-wavelength traveling waves of vasomotion modulate the perfusion of cortex","volume":"112","author":"Broggini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01638-y","article-title":"Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia","volume":"27","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104558","article-title":"Open pathways for cerebrospinal fluid outflow at the cribriform plate along the olfactory nerves","volume":"91","author":"Spera","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06899-4","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage","volume":"625","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0315","first-page":"51","article-title":"Studies on cerebro-spinal fluid. No. III : the pathways of escape from the subarachnoid spaces with particular reference to the arachnoid villi","volume":"31","author":"Weed","year":"1914","journal-title":"J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/83.3.454","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid valves","volume":"83","author":"Welch","year":"1960","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0325","first-page":"648","article-title":"Effects of pressure gradient changes on the morphology of arachnoid villi and granulations of the monkey","volume":"28","author":"Gomez","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401795","article-title":"Arachnoid villi affected by subarachnoid pressure and haemorrhage. Scanning electron microscopic study in the dog","volume":"51","author":"Julow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2002043","article-title":"Changes of arachnoid granulations after subarachnoid hemorrhage in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-11","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid absorption block at the vertex in chronic hydrocephalus: obstructed arachnoid granulations or elevated venous pressure?","volume":"11","author":"Bateman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.2.JNS204455","article-title":"A subset of arachnoid granulations in humans drain to the venous circulation via intradural lymphatic vascular channels","volume":"136","author":"Yagmurlu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1951.30","article-title":"The removal of protein from the subarachnoid space","volume":"29","author":"Courtice","year":"1951","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220618","article-title":"Arachnoid granulations are lymphatic conduits that communicate with bone marrow and dura-arachnoid stroma","volume":"220","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06993-7","article-title":"Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain","volume":"627","author":"Smyth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-024-00976-7","article-title":"The brain\u2019s border patrol","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.012","article-title":"Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections","volume":"55","author":"Ampie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4161\/intv.22823","article-title":"In vivo dynamics of innate immune sentinels in the CNS","volume":"1","author":"Nayak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intravital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02676-9","article-title":"The niche matters: origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease","volume":"147","author":"Dalmau Gasull","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02673-1","article-title":"Multiomic spatial landscape of innate immune cells at human central nervous system borders","volume":"30","author":"Sankowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment","volume":"22","author":"Van Hove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.016","article-title":"Early developing B cells undergo negative selection by central nervous system-specific antigens in the meninges","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.009","article-title":"Distinct molecular profiles of skull bone marrow in health and neurological disorders","volume":"186","author":"Kolabas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102179","article-title":"Humoral immune defense of the central nervous system","volume":"76","author":"Dorrier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102188","article-title":"Humoral immunity at the brain borders in homeostasis","volume":"76","author":"Posner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01349-1","article-title":"Mucosal-associated invariant T cells restrict reactive oxidative damage and preserve meningeal barrier integrity and cognitive function","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.12.891","article-title":"Mucosal-associated invariant T cells restrict allergic airway inflammation","volume":"145","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18626","article-title":"Unexpected role of interferon-gamma in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour","volume":"535","author":"Filiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091419","article-title":"Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4","volume":"207","author":"Derecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay5199","article-title":"Meningeal gammadelta T cell-derived IL-17 controls synaptic plasticity and short-term memory","volume":"4","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211887","article-title":"Interleukin-4 receptor signaling modulates neuronal network activity","volume":"219","author":"Hanuscheck","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1843-6","article-title":"IL-17a promotes sociability in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"577","author":"Reed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190915","article-title":"Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline","volume":"217","author":"Fung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161982","article-title":"Characterization of meningeal type 2 innate lymphocytes and their response to CNS injury","volume":"214","author":"Gadani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.12.003","article-title":"New advances in CNS immunity against viral infection","volume":"28","author":"Manglani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07591","article-title":"Myelomonocytic cell recruitment causes fatal CNS vascular injury during acute viral meningitis","volume":"457","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020088","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis-emerging trends of a neglected virus: a narrative review","volume":"6","author":"Vilibic-Cavlek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.2741\/3021","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection of the central nervous system","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/ni843","article-title":"Molecular anatomy of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell engagement and synapse formation in vivo","volume":"3","author":"McGavern","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020377","article-title":"The global burden of meningitis in children: challenges with interpreting global health estimates","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10052","article-title":"Innervation of the cerebral dura mater","volume":"27","author":"Lv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroradiol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309843","article-title":"Nerve fibres and their terminals of the dura mater encephali of the rat","volume":"175","author":"Andres","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol. (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.04.006","article-title":"Blocking neuronal signaling to immune cells treats streptococcal invasive infection","volume":"173","author":"Pinho-Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00972-9","article-title":"Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence","volume":"24","author":"Wellford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471490624001959?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471490624001959?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T20:14:53Z","timestamp":1730492093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471490624001959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471490624001959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4906"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4906","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Why do central nervous system barriers host a diverse immune landscape?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2024.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}