{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:23:15Z","timestamp":1789129395993,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1268823N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1268823N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1123625N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1123625N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3G055121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3G055121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T13:28:17Z","timestamp":1767878897000},"page":"320-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Decoding brain border immunity to enable future therapeutic avenues"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Lien","family":"Van Hoecke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lore","family":"Van Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roosmarijn E.","family":"Vandenbroucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0005","first-page":"192","article-title":"Die \u00e4ussere und innere Sekretion des gesunden und kranken Organismus im Lichte der \u2018vitalen F\u00e4rbung","volume":"64","author":"Goldman","year":"1909","journal-title":"Beitr. Klin. Chir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/189014a0","article-title":"Immunological tolerance","volume":"189","author":"Medawar","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01175-0","article-title":"Redefining CNS immune privilege","volume":"25","author":"Smyth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.026","article-title":"Microglia require CD4 T cells to complete the fetal-to-adult transition","volume":"182","author":"Pasciuto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.011","article-title":"High-dimensional single-cell mapping of central nervous system immune cells reveals distinct myeloid subsets in health, aging, and disease","volume":"48","author":"Mrdjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4610","article-title":"High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment","volume":"20","author":"Korin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf7844","article-title":"Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma","volume":"373","author":"Cugurra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0227-9","article-title":"CNS lymphatic drainage and neuroinflammation are regulated by meningeal lymphatic vasculature","volume":"21","author":"Louveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0213-2","article-title":"Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration","volume":"21","author":"Herisson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61889-6","article-title":"Choroid plexus-mediated CSF secretion remains stable in aging rats via high and age-resistant metabolic activity","volume":"16","author":"Lolansen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05397-3","article-title":"Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"611","author":"Drieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01029-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid regulates skull bone marrow niches via direct access through dural channels","volume":"25","author":"Mazzitelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01060-2","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid can exit into the skull bone marrow and instruct cranial hematopoiesis in mice with bacterial meningitis","volume":"25","author":"Pulous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.111994","article-title":"IQGAP2 regulates blood-brain barrier immune dynamics","volume":"28","author":"Katdare","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00441-4","article-title":"The choroid plexus acts as an immune cell reservoir and brain entry site in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"20","author":"Lazarevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0085","article-title":"Base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF","author":"Verhaege","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioRiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1467085","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to CNS diseases via the meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic system: prospects and challenges","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1531068","article-title":"Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.002","article-title":"The choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation","volume":"187","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1380063","article-title":"Emergence of the brain-border immune niches and their contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6552","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146552","article-title":"Brain and immune system: intercellular communication during homeostasis and neuroimmunomodulation upon dysfunction","volume":"26","author":"Schirrmacher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07336-2","article-title":"Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.08.006","article-title":"Revisiting the mechanisms of CNS immune privilege","volume":"36","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07202-9","article-title":"Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity","volume":"628","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41580-4","article-title":"VE-cadherin in arachnoid and pia mater cells serves as a suitable landmark for in vivo imaging of CNS immune surveillance and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Mapunda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2886-4","article-title":"Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses","volume":"587","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06993-7","article-title":"Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain","volume":"627","author":"Smyth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20251860","article-title":"Amyloidosis of bridging veins is a pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"223","author":"Smyth","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05474-7","article-title":"Brain borders at the central stage of neuroimmunology","volume":"612","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.046","article-title":"Mast cells regulate the brain-dura interface and CSF dynamics","volume":"188","author":"Mamuladze","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.045","article-title":"A mast cell receptor mediates post-stroke brain inflammation via a dural-brain axis","volume":"188","author":"Kothari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.04.003","article-title":"Advances in meningeal immunity","volume":"24","author":"Rua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.03.006","article-title":"Glymphatics and meningeal lymphatics unlock the brain-immune code","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64476-x","article-title":"Incorporating meningeal immunity into vaccine development","volume":"16","author":"Menon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081070","article-title":"Advances in intrathecal nanoparticle delivery: targeting the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier for enhanced CNS drug delivery","volume":"17","author":"Madadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E156","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408686111","article-title":"Polymeric synthetic nanoparticles for the induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance","volume":"112","author":"Maldonado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16040481","article-title":"Nasal delivery to the brain: harnessing nanoparticles for effective drug transport","volume":"16","author":"Gandhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03264-8","article-title":"IL-33\/ST2 signaling in monocyte-derived macrophages maintains blood-brain barrier integrity and restricts infarctions early after ischemic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182317","article-title":"Differential effects of regulatory T cells in the meninges and spinal cord of male and female mice with neuropathic pain","volume":"12","author":"Fiore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00645-0","article-title":"Current views on meningeal lymphatics and immunity in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Rego","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45656-7","article-title":"Non-invasive modulation of meningeal lymphatics ameliorates ageing and Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology and cognition in mice","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.05.004","article-title":"Identification of the velum interpositum as a meningeal\u2013CNS route for myeloid cell trafficking into the brain","volume":"113","author":"Hohsfield","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adu2910","article-title":"The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Marin-Rodero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad304","article-title":"Brain perivascular macrophages: current understanding and future prospects","volume":"147","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.024","article-title":"Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation","volume":"110","author":"Ineichen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13469","article-title":"Central nervous system zoning: how brain barriers establish subdivisions for CNS immune privilege and immune surveillance","volume":"292","author":"Proulx","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010878","article-title":"Choroid plexus aquaporins in CSF homeostasis and the glymphatic system: their relevance for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Municio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01073-2","article-title":"High-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell analysis of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350482","article-title":"Regulation of autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation by endothelial cells","volume":"54","author":"Kallal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.03.003","article-title":"Stepwise recruitment of transcellular and paracellular pathways underlies blood-brain barrier breakdown in stroke","volume":"82","author":"Knowland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01481-w","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1807-1","article-title":"Molecular anatomy and functions of the choroidal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in health and disease","volume":"135","author":"Ghersi-Egea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.15","article-title":"Kinetic profile of the transcriptome changes induced in the choroid plexus by peripheral inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Marques","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.09.029","article-title":"The choroid plexus response to peripheral inflammatory stimulus","volume":"144","author":"Marques","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.71","article-title":"The role of the choroid plexus in neutrophil invasion after traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Szmydynger-Chodobska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.12.010","article-title":"The choroid plexus epithelium as a novel player in the stomach-brain axis during Helicobacter infection","volume":"69","author":"Gorle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.008","article-title":"The choroid plexus transcriptome reveals changes in type I and II interferon responses in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"49","author":"Mesquita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211270110","article-title":"CNS-specific immunity at the choroid plexus shifts toward destructive Th2 inflammation in brain aging","volume":"110","author":"Baruch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39326-3","article-title":"Defining diurnal fluctuations in mouse choroid plexus and CSF at high molecular, spatial, and temporal resolution","volume":"14","author":"Fame","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9805","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0967-12.2012","article-title":"Matrix metalloprotease 8-dependent extracellular matrix cleavage at the blood-CSF barrier contributes to lethality during systemic inflammatory diseases","volume":"32","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12766","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0006-15.2015","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 oligomers disrupt blood-CSF barrier integrity by activating matrix metalloproteinases","volume":"35","author":"Brkic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606271","article-title":"Identification of a novel mechanism of blood-brain communication during peripheral inflammation via choroid plexus-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"8","author":"Balusu","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01253-z","article-title":"Low-grade peripheral inflammation affects brain pathology in the App(NL-G-F) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.010","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid interface in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"50","author":"Demeestere","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment","volume":"22","author":"Van Hove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.003","article-title":"A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages","volume":"184","author":"Dani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00240-4","article-title":"Monocyte-derived IL-10-secreting dendritic cells in choroid plexus epithelium","volume":"105","author":"Serot","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102657","article-title":"Flt3L controls the development of radiosensitive dendritic cells in the meninges and choroid plexus of the steady-state mouse brain","volume":"208","author":"Anandasabapathy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01066","article-title":"The choroid plexus functions as a niche for T-cell stimulation within the central nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Strominger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201767R","article-title":"Blocking the IFN-gamma signal in the choroid plexus confers resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"37","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0877-1","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine inhibits bacterial lipopeptide-mediated neutrophil transmigration through the choroid plexus in the developing brain","volume":"8","author":"Mottahedin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.02.004","article-title":"Choroid plexus transcriptome and ultrastructure analysis reveals a TLR2-specific chemotaxis signature and cytoskeleton remodeling in leukocyte trafficking","volume":"79","author":"Mottahedin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A1215-568R","article-title":"TLR2-mediated leukocyte trafficking to the developing brain","volume":"101","author":"Mottahedin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.111","article-title":"Posttraumatic invasion of monocytes across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier","volume":"32","author":"Szmydynger-Chodobska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.09.005","article-title":"Differential plasticity and fate of brain-resident and recruited macrophages during the onset and resolution of neuroinflammation","volume":"55","author":"De Vlaminck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz5626","article-title":"Human CNS barrier-forming organoids with cerebrospinal fluid production","volume":"369","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.09.020","article-title":"Inflammation of the embryonic choroid plexus barrier following maternal immune activation","volume":"55","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/2a9099a5-688b-4def-95a7-6ac13b10d096","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of transport mechanisms at the developing mouse blood-CSF interface: a transcriptome approach","volume":"7","author":"Liddelow","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-25","article-title":"Developmental changes in the transcriptome of the rat choroid plexus in relation to neuroprotection","volume":"10","author":"Kratzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022111515","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function and A\u03b2 pathology","volume":"42","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-114051","article-title":"Choroid plexus pathophysiology","volume":"20","author":"Courtney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.07.002","article-title":"Macrophages on the margin: choroid plexus immune responses","volume":"44","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.06.020","article-title":"Choroid plexus CCL2\u2013CCR2 signaling orchestrates macrophage recruitment and cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in hydrocephalus","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0336346","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathways alleviates hydrocephalus via modulation of choroid plexus epithelium inflammation in a rat intraventricular hemorrhage model","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35263-9","article-title":"Immunosuppressive biomaterial-based therapeutic vaccine to treat multiple sclerosis via re-establishing immune tolerance","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61543-1","article-title":"Targeting modulation of the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier and CSF hypersecretion via lipid nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of siRNA and resveratrol","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01410-z","article-title":"The type I interferon antiviral response in the choroid plexus and the cognitive risk in COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Suzzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2025.102588","article-title":"The choroid plexus in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system","volume":"95","author":"Reynolds","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025000118","article-title":"Translational value of choroid plexus imaging for tracking neuroinflammation in mice and humans","volume":"118","author":"Fleischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241971","article-title":"Identification of lymphatic vessels in skull periosteum but not bone marrow reveals skull channel heterogeneity","volume":"222","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.009","article-title":"Distinct molecular profiles of skull bone marrow in health and neurological disorders","volume":"186","author":"Kolabas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9277","article-title":"Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders","volume":"373","author":"Brioschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-023-00992-6","article-title":"Immune compartments at the brain's borders in health and neurovascular diseases","volume":"45","author":"Goertz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1372996","article-title":"Diving head-first into brain intravital microscopy","volume":"15","author":"Suthya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.08.024","article-title":"Tracking calcium dynamics and immune surveillance at the choroid plexus blood-cerebrospinal fluid interface","volume":"108","author":"Shipley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-010-0216-x","article-title":"Knocking at the brain's door: intravital two-photon imaging of autoreactive T cell interactions with CNS structures","volume":"32","author":"Kawakami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2023.102712","article-title":"Chronic cranial window implantation for high-resolution intravital imaging of the endothelial glycocalyx in mouse cortex","volume":"4","author":"Gray","year":"2023","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/61099","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging of the vertebral lymphatic vasculature and drainage using iDISCO+ and light sheet fluorescence microscopy","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0510","article-title":"The Benchtop mesoSPIM: a next-generation open-source light-sheet microscope for large cleared samples","author":"Vladimirov","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.08.017","article-title":"Stellate cells, hepatocytes, and endothelial cells imprint the Kupffer cell identity on monocytes colonizing the liver macrophage niche","volume":"51","author":"Bonnardel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260088","article-title":"Optical imaging. Expansion microscopy","volume":"347","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0219-4","article-title":"Expansion microscopy: principles and uses in biological research","volume":"16","author":"Wassie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.07.005","article-title":"Advances in micro-CT imaging of small animals","volume":"88","author":"Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1132077","article-title":"Imaging blood-brain barrier dysfunction: a state-of-the-art review from a clinical perspective","volume":"15","author":"Moyaert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58356-7","article-title":"Quantitative PET imaging and modeling of molecular blood-brain barrier permeability","volume":"16","author":"Chung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7554","article-title":"Single-cell profiling identifies myeloid cell subsets with distinct fates during neuroinflammation","volume":"363","author":"Jordao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","article-title":"Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"577","author":"Gate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0392-0","article-title":"Multiplexed detection of proteins, transcriptomes, clonotypes and CRISPR perturbations in single cells","volume":"16","author":"Mimitou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1219","article-title":"Slide-seq: a scalable technology for measuring genome-wide expression at high spatial resolution","volume":"363","author":"Rodriques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02673-1","article-title":"Multiomic spatial landscape of innate immune cells at human central nervous system borders","volume":"30","author":"Sankowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09010-1","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics reveals human cortical layer and area specification","volume":"644","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5691","article-title":"Three-dimensional intact-tissue sequencing of single-cell transcriptional states","volume":"361","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1049-y","article-title":"Transcriptome-scale super-resolved imaging in tissues by RNA seqFISH","volume":"568","author":"Eng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01483-z","article-title":"High-plex imaging of RNA and proteins at subcellular resolution in fixed tissue by spatial molecular imaging","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3488","article-title":"Multiplexed ion beam imaging of human breast tumors","volume":"20","author":"Angelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0595","article-title":"SeqStain is an efficient method for multiplexed, spatialomic profiling of human and murine tissues","volume":"1","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00644-9","article-title":"IBEX: an iterative immunolabeling and chemical bleaching method for high-content imaging of diverse tissues","volume":"17","author":"Radtke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21.29.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb2129s109","article-title":"ATAC-seq: a method for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide","volume":"109","author":"Buenrostro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00723-9","article-title":"Human cerebral organoids \u2013 a new tool for clinical neurology research","volume":"18","author":"Eichmuller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.07.014","article-title":"3D self-organized microvascular model of the human blood-brain barrier with endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes","volume":"180","author":"Campisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91150","article-title":"UFMTrack, an under-flow migration tracker enabling analysis of the entire multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade across the blood-brain barrier in microfluidic devices","volume":"13","author":"Vladymyrov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","article-title":"Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces","volume":"17","author":"Goldmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471490625003151?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471490625003151?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:36:13Z","timestamp":1777617373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471490625003151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471490625003151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4906"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4906","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding brain border immunity to enable future therapeutic avenues","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}