{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1791888506487,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T15:23:11Z","timestamp":1321975391000},"page":"28-40.e3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["Validation of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Youngstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Speer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Embacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Constantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Findling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Y.","family":"Hardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charis","family":"Eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.60.053107.121225","article-title":"Advances in autism","volume":"60","author":"Geschwind","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31819e7203","article-title":"Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"65","author":"Fombonne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.4.343","article-title":"The lifetime distribution of incremental societal costs of autism","volume":"161","author":"Ganz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib4","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib6","article-title":"Proposed autism diagnosis changes anger \u201cAspies\u201d","author":"Tanner","year":"2010","journal-title":"ABC News \/ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.2.227","article-title":"The external validity of Asperger disorder: lack of evidence from the domain of neuropsychology","volume":"109","author":"Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318193069e","article-title":"How continua converge in nature: cognition, social competence, and autistic syndromes","volume":"48","author":"Constantino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.5.524","article-title":"Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study","volume":"60","author":"Constantino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.294","article-title":"Autistic social impairment in the siblings of children with pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"163","author":"Constantino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.2.185","article-title":"Broad autism phenotype: evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families","volume":"154","author":"Piven","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.12.014","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of subthreshold autistic traits in the general population","volume":"57","author":"Constantino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: a twin study","volume":"45","author":"Ronald","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01857.x","article-title":"Evidence for overlapping genetic influences on autistic and ADHD behaviours in a community twin sample","volume":"49","author":"Ronald","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.98","article-title":"Characteristics and concordance of autism spectrum disorders among 277 twin pairs","volume":"163","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-1040-8","article-title":"Brief report: autistic traits in twins vs. non-twins\u2014a preliminary study","volume":"35","author":"Ho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537624","article-title":"How far can autistic children go in matters of social adaptation?","volume":"2","author":"Kanner","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Autism Child Schizophr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib18","first-page":"130","article-title":"The autistic child","volume":"30","author":"Rutter","year":"1967","journal-title":"R Inst Public Health Hyg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5562.389","article-title":"Autistic conditions in early childhood: a survey in middlesex","volume":"3","author":"Wing","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191109356534","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders as a qualitatively distinct category from typical behavior in a large, clinically ascertained sample","volume":"17","author":"Frazier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0469-y","article-title":"Defining autism subgroups: a taxometric solution","volume":"38","author":"Ingram","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.6.694","article-title":"Autism from 2 to 9 years of age","volume":"63","author":"Lord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0025-8","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability and stability of diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder in children identified through screening at a very young age","volume":"18","author":"Van Daalen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JODD.0000032301.07550.0e","article-title":"Influence of IQ and age in childhood autism: lack of support for DSM-IV Asperger's disorder","volume":"16","author":"Mayes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dev Phys Diabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199803000-00012","article-title":"Reliability and accuracy of differentiating pervasive developmental disorder subtypes","volume":"37","author":"Mahoney","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.10.1.21","article-title":"Investigating population heterogeneity with factor mixture models","volume":"10","author":"Lubke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.3.313","article-title":"Advances in behavioral genetics modeling using Mplus: applications of factor mixture modeling to twin data","volume":"9","author":"Muthen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31815750dd","article-title":"Subtypes versus severity differences in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in the Northern Finnish Birth Cohort","volume":"46","author":"Lubke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib29","series-title":"Evaluating Medical Tests: Objective and Quantitative Guidelines","author":"Kraemer","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191102091002","article-title":"A structure-based approach to psychological assessment: matching measurement models to latent structure","volume":"9","author":"Ruscio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.24","article-title":"Clarifying boundary issues in psychopathology: the role of taxometrics in a comprehensive program of structural research","volume":"113","author":"Ruscio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.12.005","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of autism","volume":"31","author":"Amaral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00102.x","article-title":"The neurobiology of autism","volume":"17","author":"Pardo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.12.1565","article-title":"Emergenesis: genetic traits that may not run in families","volume":"47","author":"Lykken","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.4.862","article-title":"Evidence that male sexual orientation is a matter of degree","volume":"73","author":"Haslam","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.1.16","article-title":"Resolving the latent structure of schizophrenia endophenotypes using expectation-maximization-based finite mixture modeling","volume":"116","author":"Lenzenweger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2003.01258.x","article-title":"Categorical versus dimensional models of mental disorder: the taxometric evidence","volume":"37","author":"Haslam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07458","article-title":"Copy-number variations associated with neuropsychiatric conditions","volume":"455","author":"Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.636","article-title":"The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions","volume":"160","author":"Gottesman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095232","article-title":"Endophenotypes in the genetic analyses of mental disorders","volume":"2","author":"Cannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2346","article-title":"Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology","volume":"9","author":"Abrahams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31103","article-title":"Accuracy of phenotyping of autistic children based on Internet implemented parent report","volume":"153B","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09101470","article-title":"Sibling recurrence and the genetic epidemiology of autism","volume":"167","author":"Constantino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib44","series-title":"Social Responsiveness Scale: Manual","author":"Constantino","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib45","series-title":"The Social Communication Questionnaire Manual","author":"Rutter","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025873925661","article-title":"Diagnosing autism: analyses of data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview","volume":"27","author":"Lord","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31812f7d8d","article-title":"Validation of the social communication questionnaire in a population cohort of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"46","author":"Chandler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30810","article-title":"Familial aggregation of quantitative autistic traits in multiplex versus simplex autism","volume":"150B","author":"Virkud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01762.x","article-title":"Between a ROC and a hard place: decision making and making decisions about using the SCQ","volume":"48","author":"Corsello","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164403258228","article-title":"A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling on measures of fit in confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"63","author":"Nasser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Measure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr4104_4","article-title":"Distinguishing between latent classes and continuous factors with categorical outcomes: class invariance of parameters of factor mixture models","volume":"41","author":"Lubke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2010.510050","article-title":"Latent class detection and class assignment: a comparison of the MAXEIG taxometric procedure and factor mixture modeling approaches","volume":"17","author":"Lubke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Struct Equat Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.650","article-title":"Measuring diagnostic accuracy in the absence of a \u201cgold standard\u201d","volume":"151","author":"Faraone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870170014","article-title":"The use of the ADI-R as a diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of children with infantile autism and children with a receptive language disorder","volume":"10","author":"Mildenberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib55","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-0998-7","article-title":"Onset patterns prior to 36 months in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"40","author":"Kalb","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.11.003","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-V: better or worse than the DSM-IV?","volume":"32","author":"Wing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.018","article-title":"Disrupted neural synchronization in toddlers with autism","volume":"70","author":"Dinstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib59","series-title":"Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM","author":"Sackett","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.002","article-title":"Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism","volume":"70","author":"Sanders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07999","article-title":"Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"459","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-62","article-title":"Genomic and epigenetic evidence for oxytocin receptor deficiency in autism","volume":"7","author":"Gregory","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0487-9","article-title":"Stability of the Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2014Revised from pre-school to elementary school age in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"38","author":"Moss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31818914cf","article-title":"Screening strategies for autism spectrum disorders in pediatric primary care","volume":"29","author":"Pinto-Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856711008902?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856711008902?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T23:19:32Z","timestamp":1713136772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856711008902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856711008902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}