{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:35:30Z","timestamp":1771925730226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,9]],"date-time":"2014-03-09T03:15:14Z","timestamp":1394334914000},"page":"614-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Comparison of American and English Hospital Discharge Rates for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, 2000 to 2010"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uy","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Seagroatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Clacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Goldacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Leibenluft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060470","article-title":"Phenomenology and diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: complexities and developmental issues","volume":"18","author":"Carlson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00911-2","article-title":"Pediatric mania: a developmental subtype of bipolar disorder?","volume":"48","author":"Biederman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.05.012","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective follow-up study of pediatric bipolar disorder in boys with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"82","author":"Biederman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06290","article-title":"Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of pediatric bipolar disorder","volume":"72","author":"Van Meter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830120067012","article-title":"The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth. Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders","volume":"53","author":"Costello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02129.x","article-title":"Youth meeting symptom and impairment criteria for mania-like episodes lasting less than four days: an epidemiological enquiry","volume":"51","author":"Stringaris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.9.1032","article-title":"National trends in the outpatient diagnosis and treatment of\u00a0bipolar disorder in youth","volume":"64","author":"Moreno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.006","article-title":"Increased rates of bipolar disorder diagnoses among U.S. child, adolescent, and adult inpatients, 1996-2004","volume":"62","author":"Blader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb10327.x","article-title":"Manic-depressive psychosis in children younger than 15 years: a register-based investigation of 39 cases in Denmark","volume":"85","author":"Thomsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379704200806","article-title":"Clinical profile of mania in children and adolescents from the Indian subcontinent","volume":"42","author":"Reddy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199712000-00008","article-title":"Childhood mania in India","volume":"36","author":"Alexander","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00141-9","article-title":"The incidence and onset-age of hospitalized bipolar affective disorder in Finland","volume":"48","author":"Rasanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00794.x","article-title":"Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in Germany: national trends in the rates of inpatients, 2000-2007","volume":"12","author":"Holtmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib14","first-page":"55","article-title":"Trends in child and adolescent discharges at a New Zealand psychiatric inpatient unit between 1998 and 2007","volume":"125","author":"van Kessel","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2011.597826","article-title":"Pediatric bipolar disorder in an era of \u201cmindless psychiatry\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Parry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/2348891","article-title":"Mid-P confidence intervals: a brief review","volume":"44","author":"Berry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Statistician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/46.3-4.441","article-title":"Confidence interval for the expectation of a Poisson variable","volume":"46","author":"Crow","year":"1959","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib18","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Joinpoint Regression Program, Version 3.5.2. October 2011. Statistical Methodology and Applications Branch and Data Modeling Branch, Surveillance Research Program. Available\u00a0at: https:\/\/surveillance.cancer.gov\/joinpoint\/download. Accessed April 1, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design and operation of the National Hospital Discharge Survey: 1988 redesign","volume":"39","author":"Dennison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib21","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib22","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.175","article-title":"Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders","volume":"63","author":"Birmaher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.10.006","article-title":"High level of persistence of pediatric bipolar-I disorder from childhood onto adolescent years: a four year prospective longitudinal follow-up study","volume":"45","author":"Wozniak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib25","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Bipolar disorder: The management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and adolescents, in primary and secondary care. National Clinical Practice Guideline Number 38: British Psychological Society and Gaskell;\u00a02006. Available at: http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/CG38. Accessed April 1, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib26","first-page":"78","article-title":"Childhood mania: insights into diagnostic and treatment issues","volume":"8","author":"Wozniak","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assoc Acad Minor Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.10.1125","article-title":"Child bipolar I disorder: prospective continuity with adult bipolar I disorder; characteristics of second and third episodes; predictors of 8-year outcome","volume":"65","author":"Geller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.042","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children","volume":"60","author":"Brotman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib29","first-page":"397","article-title":"Pediatric bipolar disorder\u00a0versus severe mood dysregulation: risk for manic episodes on follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Stringaris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121849","article-title":"Adult outcomes of youth irritability: a 20-year prospective community-based study","volume":"166","author":"Stringaris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02217.x","article-title":"Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): clinical correlates and familial prevalence","volume":"51","author":"Sobanski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0649-5","article-title":"Prepubertal mania: diagnostic differences between US and UK clinicians","volume":"17","author":"Dubicka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.013920","article-title":"Culture and\u00a0assessment of manic symptoms","volume":"189","author":"Mackin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022506","article-title":"Evidence-based strategies improve assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder by community practitioners","volume":"42","author":"Jenkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.84","article-title":"Acute inpatient care for psychiatric disorders in the United States, 1996 through 2007","volume":"68","author":"Blader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-012-9235-1","article-title":"Changing trends in inpatient care for psychiatrically hospitalized youth: 1991-2008","volume":"84","author":"Meagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.6.547","article-title":"Distribution and characteristics of in-patient child and adolescent mental health services in England and Wales","volume":"183","author":"O'Herlihy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199507000-00010","article-title":"Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children","volume":"34","author":"Wozniak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-004-0049-1","article-title":"Defining and identifying early onset bipolar spectrum disorder","volume":"6","author":"Quinn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3403_4","article-title":"Toward an evidence-based assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder","volume":"34","author":"Youngstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.289","article-title":"Meta-analyses of agreement between diagnoses made from clinical evaluations and standardized diagnostic interviews","volume":"18","author":"Rettew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.6.682","article-title":"Cross-cultural evaluation of Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia: a report from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia","volume":"131","author":"Carpenter","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00913466","article-title":"Hyperactive behavior in English schoolchildren: a questionnaire survey","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Child Psychol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856714001609?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856714001609?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T08:35:43Z","timestamp":1565253343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856714001609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856714001609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}}}