{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:00:41Z","timestamp":1791223241872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T09:45:00Z","timestamp":1427103900000},"page":"495-501.e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Maternal History of Autoimmune Disease and Later Development of Tourette Syndrome in Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Dalsgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit L.","family":"Waltoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Leckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preben Bo","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0223-z","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of tic disorders in a community sample of school-age children","volume":"21","author":"Kraft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00402.x","article-title":"Prevalence of tic disorders and Tourette syndrome in a Swedish school population","volume":"45","author":"Khalifa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib3","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"The prevalence of Tourette syndrome and its relationship to clinical features","author":"Scahill","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.011","article-title":"The psychopathological spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Cavanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0278-5","article-title":"Tourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"21","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-1005-x","article-title":"Which factors impact on clinician-rated impairment in children with ADHD?","volume":"15","author":"Coghill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib7","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"The phenomenology of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in Tourette syndrome","author":"Rothenberger","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib8","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"The phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in Tourette syndrome","author":"Ferrao","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000251210.98749.83","article-title":"Psychopathology in a Swedish population of school children with tic disorders","volume":"45","author":"Khalifa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808316370","article-title":"Validation of the presence of comorbidities in a Danish clinical cohort of children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Mol Debes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib11","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"Other psychiatric comorbidities in Tourette syndrome","author":"Cath","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00586-X","article-title":"An update on the genetics of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Pauls","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.016","article-title":"The genetic basis of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Paschou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907006","article-title":"L-histidine decarboxylase and Tourette's syndrome","volume":"362","author":"Ercan-Sencicek","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib15","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"Epigenetic and environmental risk factors in Tourette syndrome","author":"Walkup","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010","article-title":"Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib17","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"Perinatal adversities and Tourette syndrome","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib18","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"Immunity and stress response in Tourette syndrome","author":"Martino","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib19","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","article-title":"Infections and tic disorders","author":"Murphy","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0043","article-title":"The immunobiology of Tourette\u2019s disorder, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus, and related disorders: a way forward","volume":"20","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib21","article-title":"The role of immune mechanisms in Tourette syndrome","author":"Martino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.05.005","article-title":"Immunological and autoimmune considerations of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"44","author":"Gesundheit","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2445","article-title":"Association of family history of autoimmune diseases and autism spectrum disorders","volume":"124","author":"Atladottir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400608","article-title":"Familial clustering of autoimmune disorders and evaluation of medical risk factors in autism","volume":"14","author":"Comi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.05.003","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in autism: a pathway to treatment","volume":"7","author":"Careaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.08.007","article-title":"The role of immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of autism","volume":"26","author":"Onore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.e420","article-title":"Increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity in probands with pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"112","author":"Sweeten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-0071-0","article-title":"Familial autoimmune thyroid disease as a risk factor for regression in children with autism spectrum disorder: a CPEA Study","volume":"36","author":"Molloy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.01.001","article-title":"Schizophrenia as a disorder of molecular pathways","volume":"77","author":"Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06638.x","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and infections as risk factors for schizophrenia","volume":"1262","author":"Benros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.041","article-title":"Is autoimmune thyroiditis part of the genetic vulnerability (or an endophenotype) for bipolar disorder?","volume":"62","author":"Vonk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00853.x","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases, bipolar disorder, and non-affective psychosis","volume":"12","author":"Eaton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib33","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS): An evolving concept","volume":"3","author":"Macerollo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.131497","article-title":"A\u00a0new clinical feature associated with familial early-onset of dystonic-guttural tics: an unusual diagnosis of PANDAS","volume":"9","author":"Vitaliti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.05.001","article-title":"A\u00a0cytokine study in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder","volume":"33","author":"Gabbay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.12.004","article-title":"Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Leckman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108023450506","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases","volume":"345","author":"Davidson","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib38","first-page":"437231","article-title":"A\u00a0potential link between environmental triggers and autoimmunity","volume":"2014","author":"Vojdani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00215-3","article-title":"Increased titers of antibodies against streptococcal M12 and M19 proteins in patients with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Muller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(02)00507-6","article-title":"Antistreptococcal, neuronal, and nuclear antibodies in Tourette syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Loiselle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.012","article-title":"Decreased numbers of regulatory T cells suggest impaired immune tolerance in children with Tourette syndrome: a preliminary study","volume":"61","author":"Kawikova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.034","article-title":"Children with Tourette's syndrome may suffer immunoglobulin A dysgammaglobulinemia: preliminary report","volume":"67","author":"Kawikova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.08.017","article-title":"Maternal history of autoimmune disease in children presenting with tics and\/or obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"229","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib44","first-page":"263","article-title":"The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences","volume":"46","author":"Andersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825","article-title":"The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register","volume":"39","author":"Mors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib46","series-title":"International Classification of Diseases: Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD-8). Vol. 8, rev","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib47","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib48","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Danish Civil Registration System\u2014a cohort of eight million persons","volume":"53","author":"Pedersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib49","series-title":"SAS (release 9.3)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7437.438","article-title":"Coeliac disease and schizophrenia: population based case control study with linkage of Danish national registers","volume":"328","author":"Eaton","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521","article-title":"Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers","volume":"163","author":"Eaton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20003","article-title":"HLA-DRB genotyping in Gilles de\u00a0la Tourette patients and their parents","volume":"119B","author":"Schoenian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.907503","article-title":"Impaired activation of the innate immune response to bacterial challenge in Tourette syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Weidinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.2174\/138920211798120844","article-title":"Graves' ophthalmopathy: a review of immunogenetics","volume":"12","author":"Khalilzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.03.060","article-title":"Association of IL8 -251A\/T, IL12B -1188A\/C and TNF-alpha -238A\/G polymorphisms with Tourette syndrome in a family-based association study in a Chinese Han population","volume":"495","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.007","article-title":"Immune-mediated animal models of Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Hornig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.77","article-title":"Passive transfer of streptococcus-induced antibodies reproduces behavioral disturbances in a mouse model of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection","volume":"15","author":"Yaddanapudi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-005-9033-y","article-title":"Antineural antibody in patients with Tourette's syndrome and their family members","volume":"13","author":"Yeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.05.009","article-title":"Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide channel 4 (HCN4) involvement in Tourette's syndrome autoimmunity","volume":"250","author":"Yeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985646","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/985646","article-title":"IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies","volume":"2012","author":"Palmeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2058","article-title":"Association between streptococcal infection and obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, and tic disorder","volume":"116","author":"Mell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6332","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006332","article-title":"Protein array profiling of tic patient sera reveals a broad range and enhanced immune response against Group A Streptococcus antigens","volume":"4","author":"Bombaci","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181825a3d","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection: a case-control study among privately insured children","volume":"47","author":"Leslie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00704-2","article-title":"Detecting pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and tics","volume":"55","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04018.x","article-title":"The relationship between group A streptococcal infections and Tourette syndrome: a study on a large service-based cohort","volume":"53","author":"Martino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001542","article-title":"PANDAS: current status and directions for research","volume":"9","author":"Snider","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6058","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.6058-6062.1998","article-title":"Lactobacilli and streptococci induce interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and gamma interferon production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"66","author":"Miettinen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki373","article-title":"Differential effects of beta-lactams on human IFN-gamma activity","volume":"56","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02069.x","article-title":"Benzylpenicillin differentially conjugates to IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-13 but selectively reduces IFN-gamma activity","volume":"131","author":"Brooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-6-499","article-title":"Relationship between asymptomatic carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and the ability of the strains to adhere to and be internalised by cultured epithelial cells","volume":"49","author":"Sela","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.02.007","article-title":"Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in basal ganglia of Tourette syndrome cases","volume":"24","author":"Morer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.06.028","article-title":"Cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in children and adolescents with a tic disorder","volume":"34","author":"Bos-Veneman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00980.x","article-title":"Coffee consumption during pregnancy and the risk of hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD: a prospective cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Linnet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021134","article-title":"A\u00a0population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism","volume":"347","author":"Madsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856715001811?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856715001811?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T03:04:17Z","timestamp":1598843057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856715001811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856715001811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}