{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T20:10:12Z","timestamp":1774728612833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]],"date-time":"2016-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T04:09:44Z","timestamp":1469160584000},"page":"784-791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Prenatal Maternal Smoking and Increased Risk for Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Heidi A.","family":"Browne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Modabbernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Buxbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan N.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Schendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik T.","family":"Parner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Reichenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy E.","family":"Grice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30149","article-title":"A\u00a0family study of early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"136B","author":"do Rosario-Campos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0278-5","article-title":"Tourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"21","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2656","article-title":"Familial clustering of tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"72","author":"Browne","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32436","article-title":"Understanding the covariation of tics, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a population-based adult twin study","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0627","article-title":"Familial risks of Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. A population-based cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Mataix-Cols","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790310077011","article-title":"A\u00a0twin study of Tourette syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Price","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<791::AID-AJMG19>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Obsessive and compulsive symptoms in a general population sample of female twins","volume":"96","author":"Jonnal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.8.5.450","article-title":"Twin studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review","volume":"8","author":"van Grootheest","year":"2005","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.2\/dpauls","article-title":"The genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review","volume":"12","author":"Pauls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3","article-title":"Population-based, multigenerational family clustering study of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"70","author":"Mataix-Cols","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3524","article-title":"The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for dimensional representations of DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders","volume":"71","author":"Monzani","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003864","article-title":"Partitioning the heritability of Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder reveals differences in genetic architecture","volume":"9","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-53","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Chao","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.200","article-title":"Prenatal and perinatal morbidity in children with tic disorders: a mainstream school-based population study in central Spain","volume":"4","author":"Cubo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010","article-title":"Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0545-z","article-title":"Prenatal maternal smoking and Tourette syndrome: a nationwide register study","volume":"47","author":"Leivonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.07.014","article-title":"Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"61","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.04.027","article-title":"The role of immune mechanisms in Tourette syndrome","volume":"1617","author":"Martino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.008","article-title":"Maternal history\u00a0of autoimmune disease and later development of tourette syndrome in\u00a0offspring","volume":"54","author":"Dalsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0742-0","article-title":"Parental mood during pregnancy and post-natally is associated with offspring risk for Tourette syndrome or chronic tics: prospective data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)","volume":"25","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0213","article-title":"Parental smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in children: the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.04.031","article-title":"Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, risk for schizophrenia, and severity of positive\/negative symptoms","volume":"148","author":"Stathopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12043","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy and risk for autism spectrum disorder in a Finnish National Birth Cohort","volume":"27","author":"Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0115-7","article-title":"Severe psychosocial stress and heavy cigarette smoking during pregnancy: an examination of the pre- and perinatal risk factors associated with ADHD and Tourette syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Motlagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1066","article-title":"Association between maternal smoking and increased symptom severity in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"163","author":"Mathews","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.125468","article-title":"Association between pre- and perinatal exposures and Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder in the ALSPAC cohort","volume":"204","author":"Mathews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31819e6a33","article-title":"Prenatal and\u00a0perinatal morbidity in children with Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib28","first-page":"373","article-title":"Perinatal factors affecting expression of obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Geller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948010290040201","article-title":"The Danish National Birth Cohort\u2013its\u00a0background, structure and aim","volume":"29","author":"Olsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825","article-title":"The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register","volume":"39","author":"Mors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib31","first-page":"263","article-title":"The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences","volume":"46","author":"Andersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib32","series-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: Tenth Revision","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib33","first-page":"320","article-title":"The Danish Medical Birth Registry","volume":"45","author":"Knudsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","article-title":"The Danish Civil Registration System","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep211","article-title":"The social gradient in birthweight at term: quantification of the mediating role of\u00a0maternal smoking and body mass index","volume":"24","author":"Mortensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109184","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109184","article-title":"Risk for childhood overweight after exposure to tobacco smoking in prenatal and early postnatal life","volume":"9","author":"Moller","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00848.x","article-title":"Maternal smoking and causes of very preterm birth","volume":"84","author":"Kyrklund-Blomberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00037.x","article-title":"The complex relationship between smoking in pregnancy and very preterm delivery. Results of the EPIPAGE study","volume":"111","author":"Burguet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.06.007","article-title":"Early versus late onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for distinct subtypes","volume":"31","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.05.032","article-title":"Prenatal smoking might not cause attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a novel design","volume":"66","author":"Thapar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808798106","article-title":"Disentangling prenatal and inherited influences in humans with an experimental design","volume":"106","author":"Rice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.062828","article-title":"Do prenatal risk factors cause psychiatric disorder? Be wary of causal claims","volume":"195","author":"Thapar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200106000-00007","article-title":"Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine","volume":"40","author":"Ernst","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21809","article-title":"Extrastriatal dopaminergic\u00a0dysfunction in Tourette syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Steeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.550","article-title":"Regional brain morphometry and impulsivity in adolescents following prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco","volume":"167","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000341119","article-title":"Subcortical and cortical structural central nervous system changes and attention processing deficits in preschool-aged children with prenatal methamphetamine and tobacco exposure","volume":"34","author":"Derauf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13491","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2402-07.2007","article-title":"Prenatal and adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke modulates the development of white matter microstructure","volume":"27","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1106","article-title":"Increased number of subcortical\u00a0hyperintensities on MRI in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention\u00a0deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"163","author":"Amat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00277.2015","article-title":"Abnormal neuronal activity in Tourette syndrome and its modulation using deep brain stimulation","volume":"114","author":"Israelashvili","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu311","article-title":"Altered structural connectivity of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic networks in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"138","author":"Worbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00183","article-title":"PET Neuroimaging: insights on dystonia and Tourette syndrome and potential applications","volume":"5","author":"Alongi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt079","article-title":"Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder: a study of functional and anatomical connectivity","volume":"136","author":"Nair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.3162","article-title":"Developmentally stable whole-brain volume reductions and developmentally sensitive caudate and putamen volume alterations in those with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings","volume":"72","author":"Greven","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0324","article-title":"Shared brain connectivity issues, symptoms, and comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Kern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400802545094","article-title":"Cigarette smoke, inflammation, and lung injury: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"12","author":"Bhalla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007520","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007520","article-title":"Validity and reliability of chronic tic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register","volume":"5","author":"Ruck","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089085671630332X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089085671630332X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T16:47:34Z","timestamp":1656866854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089085671630332X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S089085671630332X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}