{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:20:56Z","timestamp":1792419656583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","jaacap.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,27]],"date-time":"2016-11-27T00:17:35Z","timestamp":1480205855000},"page":"116-123.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":286,"title":["Mental Health and Self-Worth in Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Lily","family":"Durwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina R.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.03.016","article-title":"Factors associated with desistence and persistence of childhood gender dysphoria: a quantitative follow-up study","volume":"52","author":"Steensma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0907","article-title":"Children and adolescents with gender identity disorder referred to a pediatric medical center","volume":"129","author":"Spack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2013.817321","article-title":"Self-harming thoughts and behaviors in a group of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria","volume":"14","author":"Skagerberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Transgend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2011.01371.x","article-title":"Between pink and blue: a multi-dimensional family approach to gender nonconforming children and their families","volume":"50","author":"Malpas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fam Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0772","article-title":"Psychological and medical care of gender nonconforming youth","volume":"134","author":"Vance","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib6","unstructured":"Jacob Lemay lives life as transgender child. NBC News. http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/storyline\/transgender-kids\/jacob-lives-life-transgender-child-n345296. Broadcast April 2015. Accessed September 3,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib7","unstructured":"Coy Mathis\u2019 family celebrates civil rights win for transgender child. The Denver Post. http:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2013\/06\/24\/coy-mathis-family-celebrates-civil-rights-win-for-transgender-child\/. Published June 24, 2013. Accessed June 10,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib8","unstructured":"Representative Mike Honda on his transgender granddaughter: \u201cshe\u2019s beautiful.\u201d Huffington Post. http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/03\/05\/mike-honda-transgender-daughter_n_6804806.html. Published March 5, 2013. Accessed June 10,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib9","unstructured":"Vilain E, Bailey JM. What should you do if your son says he\u2019s a girl? Los Angeles Times. http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/la-oe-vilain-transgender-parents-20150521-story.html. Published May 21, 2015. Accessed September 3,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib10","unstructured":"Soh D. The transgender battle line: childhood. Wall Street Journal. http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/the-transgender-battle-line-childhood-1451952794. Published January 4, 2016. Accessed June 10,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib11","unstructured":"Walsh M. This poor child is confused, not \u201ctransgendered.\u201d Matt Walsh\u00a0Blog. http:\/\/themattwalshblog.com\/2014\/06\/03\/this-poor-child-is-confused-not-transgendered\/. Published June 2014. Accessed September 24,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib12","unstructured":"\u201cZero, zilch, nada\u201d evidence to support gender transition of young children. 4thWaveNow. https:\/\/4thwavenow.com\/2015\/10\/20\/zero-zilch-nada-evidence-to-support-gender-transition-of-young-children\/. Published October 2015. Accessed September 24,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib13","unstructured":"Dreger A. The big problem with outlawing gender conversion therapies. Wired. http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/06\/big-problem-outlawing-gender-conversion-therapies\/. Published June 2015. Accessed September 3,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/1550428X.2013.834529","article-title":"Child, family, and community transformations: findings from interviews with mothers of transgender girls","volume":"10","author":"Kuvalanka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0GLBT Fam Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.11.008","article-title":"The health and well-being of transgender high school students: results from the New Zealand adolescent health survey (Youth\u201912)","volume":"55","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031774","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in transgender individuals: the roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping","volume":"81","author":"Budge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib17","first-page":"111","article-title":"Transgender youth: invisible and vulnerable","volume":"51","author":"Grossman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Homosex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.029","article-title":"Transsexual patients\u2019 psychiatric comorbidity and positive effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health: results from a longitudinal study","volume":"39","author":"Colizzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib19","first-page":"53","article-title":"Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization","volume":"51","author":"Clements-Nolle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Homosex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib20","first-page":"10","article-title":"Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations","volume":"58","author":"Haas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Homosex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.024","article-title":"Suicidal ideation among patients with gender identity disorder","volume":"190","author":"Terada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib22","series-title":"Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey","author":"Grant","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2007.37.5.527","article-title":"Transgender youth and life-threatening behaviors","volume":"37","author":"Grossman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153223","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3223","article-title":"Mental health of transgender children who are supported in their identities","volume":"137","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021769215342","article-title":"Demographic characteristics, social competence, and behavior problems in children with gender identity disorder: a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis","volume":"31","author":"Cohen-Kettenis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0602-7","article-title":"Physiological correlates of anxiety in children with gender identity disorder","volume":"16","author":"Wallien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib27","series-title":"Gender Identity Disorder and Psychosexual Problems in Children and Adolescents","author":"Zucker","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.213","article-title":"Child\/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity","volume":"101","author":"Achenbach","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199705000-00011","article-title":"Correspondence between adolescent report and parent report of psychiatric diagnostic data","volume":"36","author":"Cantwell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.4.483","article-title":"Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: a critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study","volume":"131","author":"De Los Reyes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb02282.x","article-title":"Parent-child agreement on child psychiatric symptoms assessed via structured interview","volume":"27","author":"Edelbrock","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.2.175","article-title":"Confirmation bias: a ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises","volume":"2","author":"Nickerson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib33","first-page":"569","article-title":"Does low self-esteem predict health compromising behaviours among adolescents?","volume":"23","author":"McGee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028931","article-title":"Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"139","author":"Sowislo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.2.381","article-title":"Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood","volume":"42","author":"Trzesniewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010353711369","article-title":"Low self-esteem and hopelessness in childhood and suicidal ideation in early adulthood","volume":"29","author":"McGee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(84)90011-4","article-title":"Measures of self-concept and self-esteem for children ages 3-12 years: a review and recommendations","volume":"4","author":"Hughes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9619-3","article-title":"An item response analysis of the pediatric PROMIS anxiety and depressive symptoms scales","volume":"19","author":"Irwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0025-2","article-title":"PROMIS\u00ae Parent Proxy Report Scales: an item response theory analysis of the parent proxy report item banks","volume":"21","author":"Varni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib40","series-title":"Self-Perception Profile for Children: Manual and Questionnaires","author":"Harter","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161203A","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1203A","article-title":"Lack of rating scale normalization and a socioeconomically advantaged population limits the generalizability of preadolescent transgender findings","volume":"138","author":"McKean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3101_08","article-title":"Peer victimization, global self-worth, and anxiety in middle school children","volume":"31","author":"Grills","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2011.547362","article-title":"Commentary on \u201cAn Affirmative Intervention for Families with Gender Variant Children: Parental Ratings of Child Mental Health and Gender\u201d by Hill, Menvielle, Sica, and Johnson (2010)","volume":"37","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104512460621","article-title":"Self-perception in a clinical sample of gender variant children","volume":"18","author":"Balleur-van Rijn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.04.001","article-title":"Self-harm and suicidality in children referred for gender dysphoria","volume":"55","author":"Aitken","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.11.015","article-title":"Prepubescent transgender children: what we do and do not know","volume":"55","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230903375560","article-title":"An affirmative intervention for families with gender variant children: parental ratings of child mental health and gender","volume":"36","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016885","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: cohort study in Sweden","volume":"6","author":"Dhejne","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9752-2","article-title":"Gender transitioning before puberty?","volume":"40","author":"Steensma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/0954026021000046155","article-title":"Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain","volume":"15","author":"Meltzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2307\/1131385","article-title":"Economic deprivation and early childhood development","volume":"65","author":"Duncan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300477","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and adolescent mental disorders","volume":"102","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(10)60113-6","article-title":"Extreme boyhood femininity: isolated behavior\u00a0or pervasive disorder?","volume":"24","author":"Coates","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.07.019","article-title":"Parental support and mental health among transgender adolescents","volume":"53","author":"Simons","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.08.007","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856716319414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856716319414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T06:24:50Z","timestamp":1536215090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856716319414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856716319414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mental Health and Self-Worth in Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92016 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}