{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:39:51Z","timestamp":1792143591413,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006211","name":"Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37-MH101495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-MH101495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32-MH107129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32-MH107129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006537","name":"Vanderbilt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005247","name":"University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018481","name":"Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018481","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015521","name":"Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["389703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["389703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["430-2017-00408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2017-00408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaacap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T10:26:17Z","timestamp":1572690377000},"page":"842-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":570,"title":["Meta-analysis: Exposure to Early Life Stress and Risk for Depression in Childhood and Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0931-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joelle","family":"LeMoult","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer-Ashley","family":"Hoffmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Gotlib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib1","series-title":"Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents","first-page":"6","article-title":"Epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents","author":"Avenevoli","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.10.1009","article-title":"Consequences and correlates of adolescent depression","volume":"156","author":"Glied","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.4.686","article-title":"Consequences of depression during adolescence: marital status and marital functioning in early adulthood","volume":"107","author":"Gotlib","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.03.015","article-title":"Health outcomes related to early adolescent depression","volume":"41","author":"Keenan-Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00011","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I","volume":"35","author":"Birmaher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002743","article-title":"Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in prospective cohort studies: systematic review, meta-analysis, and proportional attributable fractions","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007","article-title":"The role of specific early trauma in adult depression: a meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood Trauma Adult Depress","volume":"30","author":"Mandelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.006","article-title":"Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: a meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"Infurna","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1162","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.140","article-title":"Modifiable predictors of depression following childhood maltreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib11","first-page":"603","article-title":"Cognitive coping strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety: a comparison between adolescents and adults","volume":"25","author":"Garnefski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.2.155","article-title":"Depression in adolescence","volume":"48","author":"Petersen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib13","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine","first-page":"1903","article-title":"Stress, early life","author":"Heim","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199912000-00009","article-title":"Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib15","author":"Wells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib16","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0","article-title":"Tools for assessing methodological quality or risk of bias in non-randomized studies","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-154","article-title":"Are healthcare workers\u2019 intentions to vaccinate related to their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes? A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Herzog","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib18","series-title":"Practical Meta-Analysis","author":"Lipsey","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1983.10482726","article-title":"Regression models in research synthesis","volume":"37","author":"Hedges","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1187","article-title":"How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.749786","article-title":"Psychiatric problems and trauma exposure in nondetained delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents","volume":"42","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12220","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of PTSD and depression among adolescent victims of the spring 2011 tornado outbreak","volume":"55","author":"Adams","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib24","first-page":"37","article-title":"The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran","volume":"16","author":"Ahmadkhaniha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Sex Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between traumatic stress load, psychopathology, and cognition in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort","volume":"49","author":"Barzilay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-016-0122-7","article-title":"The associations of cumulative adverse childhood experiences and irritability with mental disorders in detained male adolescent offenders","volume":"10","author":"Bielas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199912000-00009","article-title":"Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.01.013","article-title":"Child abuse, neural structure, and adolescent psychopathology: a longitudinal study","volume":"56","author":"Busso","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0641-0","article-title":"Risk indicators and psychopathology in traumatised children and adolescents with a history of sexual abuse","volume":"17","author":"Carey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00254-5","article-title":"Physical and sexual abuse, depression and alcohol use disorders in adolescents: onsets and outcomes","volume":"69","author":"Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01495.x","article-title":"Physical and sexual abuse and their relation to psychiatric disorder and suicidal behavior among adolescents who are psychiatrically hospitalized","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood","volume":"64","author":"Copeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01441","article-title":"A\u00a0study on reintegration of street children in Burundi: experienced violence and maltreatment are associated with mental health impairments and impeded educational progress","volume":"5","author":"Crombach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.220","article-title":"BDNF Met66 modulates the cumulative effect of psychosocial childhood adversities on major depression in adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Cruz-Fuentes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9318-0","article-title":"Associations of lifetime depression with trauma exposure, other environmental adversities, and impairment in adolescents with ADHD","volume":"37","author":"Daviss","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500601017548","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of PTSD and depression among child and adolescent victims following a 7.4 magnitude earthquake","volume":"11","author":"Ek\u015fi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199701000-00026","article-title":"Psychosocial characteristics of physically abused children and adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Flisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199510000-00023","article-title":"Traumas and posttraumatic stress disorder in a community population of older adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Giaconia","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703008377","article-title":"Socio-economic status, family disruption and residential stability in childhood: relation to onset, recurrence and remission of major depression","volume":"33","author":"Gilman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199610000-00026","article-title":"Relationship between early abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and activity levels in prepubertal children","volume":"35","author":"Glod","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022083700618","article-title":"Sexual and physical abuse among adolescent girls with disruptive behavior problems","volume":"8","author":"Green","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.003","article-title":"Previous maltreatment and present mental health in a high-risk adolescent population","volume":"45","author":"Kl\u00e6boe Greger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014056","article-title":"Relations among gender, violence exposure, and mental health: the National Survey of Adolescents","volume":"78","author":"Hanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.730","article-title":"The role of childhood abuse and neglect in the sensitization to stressful life events in adolescent depression","volume":"115","author":"Harkness","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002857","article-title":"Early childhood adversity and adolescent depression: the mediating role of continued stress","volume":"38","author":"Hazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(03)00091-9","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of life events between suicidal adolescents with major depression and borderline personality disorder","volume":"44","author":"Horesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0563-x","article-title":"Traumatic and adverse attachment childhood experiences are not characteristic of OCD but of depression in adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.215","article-title":"Differences in early childhood risk factors for juvenile-onset and adult-onset depression","volume":"59","author":"Jaffee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.03.022","article-title":"Association of physical injury and mental health: results from the National Comorbidity Survey\u2212Adolescent Supplement","volume":"92","author":"Jenness","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.7.954","article-title":"Adolescent physical abuse: risk for adolescent psychiatric disorders","volume":"155","author":"Kaplan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199103000-00014","article-title":"Depressive disorders in maltreated children","volume":"30","author":"Kaufman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17316","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404376101","article-title":"Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children","volume":"101","author":"Kaufman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.94.3.298","article-title":"Depressive symptoms among physically abused and psychiatrically disturbed children","volume":"94","author":"Kazdina","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2017.14.2.172","article-title":"Self-injury and suicide attempt in relation with trauma and dissociation among adolescents with dissociative and non-dissociative disorders","volume":"14","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.4.692","article-title":"Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse\/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the National Survey of Adolescents","volume":"71","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0470-6","article-title":"The guiltless guilty: trauma-related guilt and psychopathology in former Ugandan child soldiers","volume":"46","author":"Klasen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(88)90070-1","article-title":"Behavioral\/emotional indicators of sexual abuse in child psychiatric inpatients: a controlled comparison with physical abuse","volume":"12","author":"Kolko","year":"1988","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.3.387","article-title":"Overgeneral autobiographical memory in depressed adolescents with, versus without, a reported history of trauma","volume":"115","author":"Kuyken","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000126","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in trauma exposure and mental health disorders in adolescents","volume":"23","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13091198","article-title":"Trajectories of preschool disorders to full DSM depression at school age and early adolescence: continuity of preschool depression","volume":"171","author":"Luby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000301","article-title":"Negative cognitive style interacts with negative life events to predict first onset of a major depressive episode in adolescence via hopelessness","volume":"127","author":"Mac Giollabhui","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199403000-00003","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in sexually abused children","volume":"33","author":"McLeer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000155","article-title":"Adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment exhibit atypical EEG coherence and psychiatric impairment: linking early adversity, the brain, and psychopathology","volume":"22","author":"Miskovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215625224","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse in adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses: mental health consequences and sexual offending behaviors","volume":"30","author":"Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999509002688","article-title":"Aggressivity among sons of substance-abusing fathers: association with psychiatric disorder in the father and son, paternal personality, pubertal development, and socioeconomic status","volume":"21","author":"Moss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1137667","article-title":"Psychological symptoms of sexually victimized children and adolescents compared with other maltreatment subtypes","volume":"253","author":"M\u00fcnzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Sex Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib67","first-page":"225","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders among war-abducted and non-abducted adolescents in Gulu district, Uganda: a comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Okello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.1999.11.3-4.369","article-title":"Violence in the lives of suicidal adolescents: a comparison between three matched groups of suicide attempting, depressed, and nondepressed high school students","volume":"11","author":"Olsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib69","first-page":"55","article-title":"Sexual abuse and depression in an adolescent female inpatient population","volume":"9","author":"Pantle","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychol Christ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703008626","article-title":"Life events and early onset depression: cause or consequence?","volume":"33","author":"P atton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087668","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in adolescents exposed to domestic violence and physical abuse","volume":"70","author":"Pelcovitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-0930-3","article-title":"Early adversity and the prospective prediction of depressive and anxiety disorders in adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Phillips","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2010.495034","article-title":"Psychiatric and cognitive functioning in adolescent inpatients with histories of dating violence victimization","volume":"19","author":"Rizzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Aggress Maltreat Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000675","article-title":"Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development?","volume":"41","author":"Shanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.03.015","article-title":"Gene expression in blood of children and adolescents: mediation between childhood maltreatment and major depressive disorder","volume":"92","author":"Spindola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00020","article-title":"Psychiatric outcome of burned children and adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Stoddard","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.09.004","article-title":"Mental health problems among children and adolescents experiencing two major earthquakes in remote mountainous regions: a longitudinal study","volume":"72","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199911000-00005","article-title":"An 18-month longitudinal study of posttraumatic disorders in children who were taken hostage in their school","volume":"61","author":"Vila","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12051","article-title":"Young female survivors of sexual abuse in Malaysia and depression: what factors are associated with better outcome?","volume":"5","author":"Wahab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-003-0334-2","article-title":"Sexually abused girls: patterns of psychopathology and exploration of risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Weeramanthri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199505000-00011","article-title":"Stressful life events in depressed adolescents: the role of dependent events during the depressive episode","volume":"34","author":"Williamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414001151","article-title":"Premorbid risk factors for major depressive disorder: are they associated with early onset and recurrent course?","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9678-8","article-title":"Peer victimization in childhood and internalizing problems in adolescence: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"41","author":"Zwierzynska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938","article-title":"Stress and depression","volume":"1","author":"Hammen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.1.164","article-title":"Impact of sexual abuse on children: a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies","volume":"113","author":"Kendall-Tackett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib87","first-page":"17","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse","volume":"135","author":"Paolucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00413-1","article-title":"Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Tyler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.02.004","article-title":"The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Holt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024910416164","article-title":"The effects of children\u2019s exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis and critique","volume":"6","author":"Wolfe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2307\/1602387","article-title":"The effects of poverty on children","volume":"7","author":"Brooks-Gunn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Futur Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028015","article-title":"The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: implications for prevention","volume":"67","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02008.x","article-title":"Cumulative risk exposure and stress dysregulation","volume":"18","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib94","series-title":"Helping Children Cope With Disasters and Terrorism","first-page":"11","article-title":"Children experiencing disasters: definitions, reactions, and predictors of outcomes","author":"Silverman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib96","series-title":"New directions in child abuse and neglect research","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141207","article-title":"Modern approaches to conceptualizing and measuring human life stress","volume":"4","author":"Monroe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-013-0519-5","article-title":"Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Lindert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.5.592","article-title":"Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood","volume":"284","author":"Heim","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856719321112?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856719321112?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:36:05Z","timestamp":1778506565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856719321112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856719321112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Meta-analysis: Exposure to Early Life Stress and Risk for Depression in Childhood and Adolescence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.10.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92019 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}