{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1791943000694,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007184","name":"Yale School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007184","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaacap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T17:16:08Z","timestamp":1588785368000},"page":"35-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Meta-analysis: Pharmacologic Treatment of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeeha","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis C.","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjee","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekir B.","family":"Artukoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib2","first-page":"1311666","article-title":"Increasing spontaneous play by suppressing self-stimulation in autistic children1","volume":"7","author":"Koegel","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Applied Behav Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1994.27-197","article-title":"Toward a functional analysis of self-injury","volume":"27","author":"Iwata","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Behavior Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009043.pub3","article-title":"Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","author":"Hirsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005040.pub2","article-title":"Risperidone for autism spectrum disorder","author":"Jesner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1301","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3285","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: evidence of publication bias","volume":"129","author":"Carrasco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib7","first-page":"CD004677","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib8","first-page":"5","article-title":"Oxytocin and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Ooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020155","article-title":"Relationship between long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and autism spectrum disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Mazahery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S147305","article-title":"Supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids may improve hyperactivity, lethargy, and stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib11","first-page":"CD003495","article-title":"Intravenous secretin for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib12","first-page":"485","article-title":"The aberrant behavior checklist: a behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects","volume":"89","author":"Aman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Ment Defic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.01.002","article-title":"An evaluation of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist for children under age 5","volume":"34","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1970-0","article-title":"Validity of the aberrant behavior checklist in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"44","author":"Kaat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005596502855","article-title":"Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism: comparisons to mental retardation","volume":"30","author":"Bodfish","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0213-z","article-title":"The Repetitive Behavior Scale\u2212Revised: independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"37","author":"Lam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000220854.79144.e7","article-title":"Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"45","author":"Scahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290000835X","article-title":"Impact of recent findings on study design of future autism clinical trials","volume":"9","author":"Hollander","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib19","first-page":"492","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the aberrant behavior checklist","volume":"89","author":"Aman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Ment Defic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145","article-title":"Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2212Revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"24","author":"Lord","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60610-5","article-title":"A\u00a0scale for rating symptoms of patients with the syndrome of autism in real life settings","volume":"25","author":"Freeman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aman MG, Tass\u00e9 MJ, Rojahn J, Hammer D. The Nisonger CBRF: a child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil.17:41-57.","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(95)00039-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025014929212","article-title":"Validation of a brief quantitative measure of autistic traits: comparison of the social responsiveness scale with the autism diagnostic interview-revised","volume":"33","author":"Constantino","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojahn J, Matlock ST, Tass\u00e9 MJ. The stereotyped behavior scale: psychometric properties and norms. Res Dev Disabil. 21:437-454.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(00)00057-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib25","series-title":"The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale","author":"Gilliam","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib26","article-title":"Timed Stereotypies Rating Scale","volume":"21","author":"Campbell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02408436","article-title":"Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)","volume":"10","author":"Schopler","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib28","series-title":"The Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale (OACIS)","author":"Butter","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib29","first-page":"149","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and validity of the Autism Symptoms Questionnaire","volume":"8","author":"Frye","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.06.009","article-title":"Validation of the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire for use with children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"6","author":"Honey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Autism Spect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib31","series-title":"Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning","author":"Krug","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv249","article-title":"Clinical and neural effects of six-week administration of oxytocin on core symptoms of autism","volume":"138","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00009","article-title":"Multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of porcine secretin in autism","volume":"40","author":"Owley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib34","unstructured":"Huwaldt JA (2015) Plot digitizer (version 2) [computer program]. Available at: http:\/\/plotdigitizer.sourceforge.net\/. Accessed April 12,\u00a02018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005791","article-title":"Divalproex sodium vs. placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"Hollander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3782","article-title":"Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder","volume":"124","author":"Owen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.633","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone in adults with autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"55","author":"McDougle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1142","article-title":"Risperidone for the core symptom domains of autism: results from the study by the Autism Network of the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology","volume":"162","author":"McDougle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013171","article-title":"Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems","volume":"347","author":"McCracken","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b76658","article-title":"A\u00a0placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder","volume":"48","author":"Marcus","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2628-x","article-title":"Lurasidone for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder","volume":"46","author":"Loebel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e634","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-0264-F","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"114","author":"Shea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-016-0704-x","article-title":"Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Japan: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.30","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism","volume":"66","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300627","article-title":"A\u00a0placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism","volume":"30","author":"Hollander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10050764","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine for repetitive behaviors and global severity in adult autism spectrum disorders","volume":"169","author":"Hollander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.11.033","article-title":"Efficacy of low-dose buspirone for restricted and repetitive behavior in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized trial","volume":"170","author":"Chugani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830110037005","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine in adults with autistic disorder","volume":"53","author":"McDougle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib49","article-title":"The SOFIA study: negative multi-center study of low dose fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autistic disorder","author":"Herscu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14685","article-title":"Effect of fluoxetine on obsessive-compulsive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Reddihough","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.0137","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of methylphenidate for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschoolers with developmental disorders","volume":"19","author":"Ghuman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.028","article-title":"Positive effects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders: an analysis of secondary measures","volume":"61","author":"Posey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2012.0096","article-title":"Effects of extended release methylphenidate treatment on ratings of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Pearson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005548619694","article-title":"Efficacy of methylphenidate among children with autism and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Handen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02179289","article-title":"Use of methylphenidate in the treatment of children with autistic disorder","volume":"25","author":"Quintana","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12305","article-title":"The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Guastella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e872","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.152","article-title":"Oxytocin efficacy is modulated by dosage and oxytocin receptor genotype in young adults with high-functioning autism: a 24-week randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Kosaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1899-3","article-title":"Nasal oxytocin for social deficits in childhood autism: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Dadds","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib59","article-title":"Effect of intranasal oxytocin on the core social symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Yamasue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-3-16","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin versus placebo in the treatment of adults with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.01.018","article-title":"Internet-based, randomized, controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids for hyperactivity in autism","volume":"53","author":"Bent","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.05.007","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in children with autism: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"61","author":"Amminger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1078-8","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"41","author":"Bent","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3860-y","article-title":"A\u00a0randomised-controlled trial of vitamin d and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children","volume":"49","author":"Mazahery","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.08.426","article-title":"Randomized trial of omega-3 for autism spectrum disorders: effect on cell membrane composition and behavior","volume":"27","author":"Parellada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib66","first-page":"1570","article-title":"Naltrexone in young autistic children: replication study and learning measures","volume":"36","author":"Kolmen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950210060011","article-title":"Failure of naltrexone hydrochloride to reduce self-injurious and autistic behavior in mentally retarded adults. Double-blind placebo-controlled studies","volume":"52","author":"Willemsen-Swinkels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00297-9","article-title":"The effects of chronic naltrexone treatment in young autistic children: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"39","author":"Willemsen-Swinkels","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02749-M","article-title":"Placebo-controlled acute dosage naltrexone study in young autistic children","volume":"58","author":"Willemsen-Swinkels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.08.013","article-title":"Atomoxetine, parent training, and their combination in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"54","author":"Handen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0026","article-title":"Atomoxetine in autism spectrum disorder: no effects on social functioning; some beneficial effects on stereotyped behaviors, inappropriate speech, and fear of change","volume":"24","author":"Harfterkamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000231976.28719.2a","article-title":"Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial","volume":"45","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpbs.10596","article-title":"Assessment the efficacy of atomoxetine in autism spectrum disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Eslamzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200211000-00012","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of porcine versus synthetic secretin for reducing symptoms of autism","volume":"41","author":"Unis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00692.x","article-title":"Effect of secretin on children with autism: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Dunn-Geier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912093412404","article-title":"Lack of benefit of a single dose of synthetic human secretin in the treatment of autism and pervasive developmental disorder","volume":"341","author":"Sandler","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.014","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled pilot trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in children with autism","volume":"71","author":"Hardan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0088-6","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized placebo-controlled pilot study of N-acetylcysteine in youth with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"7","author":"Wink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416652735","article-title":"A\u00a0randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of a fixed dose of N-acetyl cysteine in children with autistic disorder","volume":"51","author":"Dean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312783","article-title":"Lack of effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in autism: a 20-week, placebo-controlled RCT","volume":"102","author":"Kerley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib81","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of perceptual-motor exercises, vitamin D supplementation and the combination of these interventions on decreasing stereotypical behavior in children with autism disorder","author":"Moradi HaS","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.124","article-title":"A\u00a0randomised controlled trial of bumetanide in the treatment of autism in children","volume":"2","author":"Lemonnier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib83","article-title":"Effects of bumetanide on neurobehavioral function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"7","author":"Lemonnier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0039-3","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, placebo-controlled trial of extended-release guanfacine in children with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD symptoms: an analysis of secondary outcome measures","volume":"43","author":"Politte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.168","article-title":"Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Frye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.424","article-title":"Low-dose suramin in autism spectrum disorder: a small, phase I\/II, randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Naviaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.237","article-title":"Arbaclofen in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized, controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"42","author":"Veenstra-VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2011.0056","article-title":"Placebo-controlled pilot trial of mecamylamine for treatment of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"22","author":"Arnold","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-015-0062-8","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine for the enhancement of social skills training in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"7","author":"Minshawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib90","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover, pilot study of the effects of dextromethorphan\/quinidine for the treatment of neurobehavioral symptoms in adults with autism","author":"Chez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib91","first-page":"123","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in autistic children: preliminary analysis of a double-blind study","volume":"23","author":"Campbell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02216053","article-title":"Behavioral effects of Org 2766, a synthetic analog of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4-9), in 14 outpatient autistic children","volume":"20","author":"Buitelaar","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam9100","article-title":"Arginine vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid is a marker of sociality in nonhuman primates","volume":"10","author":"Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0159","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of methyl B12 for children with autism","volume":"26","author":"Hendren","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2012.0127","article-title":"Tetrahydrobiopterin as a treatment for autism spectrum disorders: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Klaiman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12979","article-title":"Effects of L-carnosine supplementation on sleep disorders and disease severity in autistic children: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"123","author":"Mehrazad-Saber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182485791","article-title":"Effects of large doses of arachidonic acid added to docosahexaenoic acid on social impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Yui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1549","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk of second-generation antipsychotic medications during first-time use in children and adolescents","volume":"302","author":"Correll","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.561","article-title":"Association of diabetes mellitus with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"159","author":"Sernyak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2005.08.007","article-title":"Recognizing and monitoring adverse events of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Correll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856720302653?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856720302653?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:30:10Z","timestamp":1760193010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856720302653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856720302653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Meta-analysis: Pharmacologic Treatment of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92020 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}