{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:49:40Z","timestamp":1792788580527,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaacap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T21:28:50Z","timestamp":1723152530000},"page":"143-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Antipsychotics vs Antiepileptics or Lithium for Acute Mania in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6083-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor B.","family":"N\u00f6hles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2248-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ostuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-9282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Barbui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola H.","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1837-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa P.","family":"DelBello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5602-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Welge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Kowatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative","volume":"68","author":"Merikangas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.10.070","article-title":"The poor prognosis of childhood-onset bipolar disorder","volume":"150","author":"Leverich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.01.022","article-title":"Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000 participants in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD)","volume":"55","author":"Perlis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.054","article-title":"Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"242","author":"Plans","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04994yel","article-title":"Early-onset bipolar disorder and treatment delay are risk factors for poor outcome in adulthood","volume":"71","author":"Post","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12419","article-title":"Is age of onset associated with severity, prognosis, and clinical features in bipolar disorder? A meta-analytic review","volume":"18","author":"Joslyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1633","article-title":"Further evidence for a developmental subtype of bipolar disorder defined by age at onset: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"163","author":"Goldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182043b73","article-title":"Predictors of patient and caregiver distress in an adult sample with bipolar disorder seeking family treatment","volume":"199","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181a206cc","article-title":"Parenting an adult child with bipolar disorder in later life","volume":"197","author":"Aschbrenner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.9.1029","article-title":"Impact of family burden and affective response on clinical outcome among patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"55","author":"Perlick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000242240.69678.c4","article-title":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"46","author":"McClellan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13081008","article-title":"A\u00a0critical appraisal of neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: toward a new conceptualization of underlying neural circuitry and a road map for future research","volume":"171","author":"Phillips","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.322","article-title":"Evidence of white matter pathology in bipolar disorder adolescents experiencing their first episode of mania: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"163","author":"Adler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13034","article-title":"Prospectively ascertained mania and hypomania among young adults with child- and adolescent-onset bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Hafeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1384850","article-title":"The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar disorders: acute and long-term treatment of mixed states in bipolar disorder","volume":"19","author":"Grunze","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Yatham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.03.021","article-title":"Systematic review and network meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics in youths with bipolar depression","volume":"61","author":"DelBello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.082","article-title":"Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for unipolar and bipolar depression in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"339","author":"Garcia-Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31815b5cb1","article-title":"Antipsychotic use in children and adolescents: minimizing adverse effects to maximize outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Correll","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318040b25f","article-title":"Weight gain and metabolic effects of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in pediatric bipolar disorder: a systematic review and pooled analysis of short-term trials","volume":"46","author":"Correll","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2011.0015","article-title":"Weight gain and metabolic risks associated with antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Maayan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00798.x","article-title":"Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Correll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01334-4","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment for bipolar mania: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Kishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.07.001","article-title":"Treatment moderators and predictors of outcome in the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) Study","volume":"51","author":"Vitiello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2022.0098","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of topiramate in manic adolescents treated with olanzapine","volume":"33","author":"DelBello","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.09.007","article-title":"Asenapine for the acute treatment of pediatric manic or mixed episode of bipolar I disorder","volume":"54","author":"Findling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2021.0121","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of flexibly dosed ziprasidone in children and adolescents with mania in bipolar I disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled replication study","volume":"32","author":"Findling","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0743","article-title":"Lithium in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"136","author":"Findling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2021.0039","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of lithium versus quetiapine for the treatment of acute mania in youth with early course bipolar disorder","volume":"31","author":"Patino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0166","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of valproic acid versus risperidone in children 3\u20137 years of age with bipolar I disorder","volume":"25","author":"Kowatch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-analyses of Health Care Interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib34","article-title":"netmeta: An R package for network meta-analysis using frequentist methods","volume":"106","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib35","series-title":"MVMETA: stata module to perform multivariate random-effects meta-analysis","author":"White","year":"2007"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875","article-title":"Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib37","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: application and practice using R software","volume":"41","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"10202","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31135-3","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"394","author":"Huhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.08.012","article-title":"Predictive distributions were developed for the extent of heterogeneity in meta-analyses of continuous outcome data","volume":"68","author":"Rhodes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib40","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00008","article-title":"Conceptual and technical challenges in network meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Cipriani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00049-8","article-title":"The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Bucher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1480","article-title":"An evidence-splitting approach to evaluation of direct-indirect evidence inconsistency in network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Shih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6188","article-title":"A\u00a0design-by-treatment interaction model for network meta-analysis with random inconsistency effects","volume":"33","author":"Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys222","article-title":"Evaluation of inconsistency in networks of interventions","volume":"42","author":"Veroniki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","article-title":"Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods","volume":"15","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0473-z","article-title":"Approaches to interpreting and choosing the best treatments in network meta-analyses","volume":"6","author":"Mbuagbaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082","article-title":"CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099682","article-title":"Evaluating the Quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Salanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00850.x","article-title":"Double-blind randomized trial of risperidone vs divalproex in pediatric bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Pavuluri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1508","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of risperidone, lithium, or divalproex sodium for initial treatment of bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed phase, in children and adolescents","volume":"69","author":"Geller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000194567.63289.97","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind randomized pilot study comparing quetiapine and divalproex for adolescent mania","volume":"45","author":"DelBello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib54","series-title":"54th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, October 23\u201328","article-title":"Pediatric bipolar collaborative mood stabilizer trial","author":"Kowatch","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000159151.75345.20","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot controlled trial of topiramate for mania in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"44","author":"DelBello","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.7.1179","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oxcarbazepine in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"163","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819c55ec","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex extended-release in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"48","author":"Wagner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2012.0029","article-title":"Efficacy, long-term safety, and tolerability of ziprasidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Findling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00750.x","article-title":"Risperidone for the treatment of acute mania in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"11","author":"Haas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07424","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in children and adolescents with mania associated with bipolar I disorder","volume":"74","author":"Pathak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111932","article-title":"Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of adolescents with bipolar mania","volume":"164","author":"Tohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05164yel","article-title":"Acute Treatment of pediatric bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed episode, with aripiprazole","volume":"70","author":"Findling","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1841-6672","article-title":"Linkage of young mania rating scale to Clinical Global Impression Scale to enhance utility in clinical practice and research trials","volume":"56","author":"Samara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4081\/mi.2012.e7","article-title":"Convergence of children\u2019s depression rating scale-revised scores and clinical diagnosis in rating adolescent depressive symptomatology","volume":"4","author":"Plener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ment Illn"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.03.007","article-title":"Antipsychotic-related prolactin levels and sexual dysfunction in mentally ill youth: a 3-month cohort study","volume":"62","author":"Koch","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.09.011","article-title":"Metabolic and endocrine adverse effects of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized, placebo controlled trials and guidelines for clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"De Hert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00127-0","article-title":"Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients treated with conventional antipsychotic medications or risperidone","volume":"28","author":"Kinon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20765","article-title":"Safety of 80 antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-attention-deficit\/hyperactivity medications and mood stabilizers in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a large scale systematic meta-review of 78 adverse effects","volume":"19","author":"Solmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21036","article-title":"Metabolic side effects in persons with schizophrenia during mid- to long-term treatment with antipsychotics: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Burschinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.1.64","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia","volume":"29","author":"Bostwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy. J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000162798.87249.4d","article-title":"Bone mineral density and its relationship to prolactin levels in patients taking antipsychotic treatment","volume":"25","author":"Howes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.08.009","article-title":"A\u00a03-year prospective study on the metabolic effect of aripiprazole, quetiapine and ziprasidone: a pragmatic clinical trial in first episode psychosis patients","volume":"39","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Bourgon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4763-x","article-title":"Long-term metabolic effects of aripiprazole, ziprasidone and quetiapine: a pragmatic clinical trial in drug-na\u00efve patients with a first-episode of non-affective psychosis","volume":"235","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Bourgon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.002","article-title":"Corrected QT changes during antipsychotic treatment of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"54","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m05990yel","article-title":"QT interval duration and dispersion in children and adolescents treated with ziprasidone","volume":"72","author":"Correll","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2011.0024","article-title":"Antipsychotic drug administration does not correlate with prolonged rate-corrected QT interval in children and adolescents: results from a nested case\u2013control study","volume":"21","author":"Correll","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.067","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and network meta-analysis on comparative efficacy, acceptability, and safety of treatments in acute bipolar mania in youths","volume":"349","author":"Tural","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70314-1","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Miura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00946-6","article-title":"Mood stabilizers and\/or antipsychotics for bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"26","author":"Kishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122679","article-title":"An oldie but goodie: lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder through neuroprotective and neurotrophic mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Won","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10327","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01997-8","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"399","author":"Schneider-Thoma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301305","article-title":"Dopamine and serotonin receptor binding and antipsychotic efficacy","volume":"32","author":"Richtand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-2772(02)00044-0","article-title":"Mood stabilizer psychopharmacology","volume":"2","author":"Gould","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856724013169?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856724013169?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T19:00:09Z","timestamp":1753729209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856724013169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856724013169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Antipsychotics vs Antiepileptics or Lithium for Acute Mania in Children and Adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.07.920","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92024 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}