{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:22:04Z","timestamp":1788999724219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010248","name":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"UK Research and Innovation Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/X014207\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/X014207\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaacap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T01:02:01Z","timestamp":1760922121000},"page":"995-1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex\/Gender Differences in Internalizing Problems of Autistic Children and Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0907-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elna H.","family":"Suominen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0996-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calliope A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6204-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7077-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3564-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Mandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.09.09","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder: definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Hodges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361317706904","article-title":"Towards sex- and gender-informed autism research","volume":"21","author":"Mandy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.003","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research","volume":"54","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301229","article-title":"Sex, gender, genetics, and health","volume":"103","author":"Short","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002283","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Hollocks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30289-5","article-title":"Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171200147X","article-title":"Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"43","author":"Baxter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001511","article-title":"Global variation in the prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature","volume":"43","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318179964f","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample","volume":"47","author":"Simonoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3778","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3056-x","article-title":"Are generalized anxiety and depression symptoms associated with social competence in children with and without autism spectrum disorder?","volume":"47","author":"Johnston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093906","article-title":"The classification of children\u2019 s psychiatric symptoms: a factor-analytic study","volume":"80","author":"Achenbach","year":"1966","journal-title":"Psychol Monogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.012","article-title":"Internalizing\/externalizing problems: review and recommendations for clinical and research applications","volume":"55","author":"Achenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0129-9","article-title":"Competing factor models of child and adolescent psychopathology","volume":"44","author":"Doyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire","volume":"40","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01423.x","article-title":"Mental health aspects of autistic spectrum disorders in children","volume":"56","author":"Skokauskas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.02.004","article-title":"Emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with autism: relationship with sensory processing dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Tseng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103930","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of children with ASD and comorbid ADHD: association with social impairment and externalizing and internalizing behaviours","volume":"113","author":"Dellapiazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320904217","article-title":"The role of emotion regulation and core autism symptoms in the experience of anxiety in autism","volume":"24","author":"Conner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2670-8","article-title":"Alexithymia in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: its relationship to internalising difficulties, sensory modulation and social cognition","volume":"46","author":"Milosavljevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409990265","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"22","author":"Richler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320932437","article-title":"The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety in autism: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04437-z","article-title":"Brief report: gender differences in experiences of peer victimization among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"50","author":"Greenlee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416001243","article-title":"Examining bidirectional relationships between parenting and child maladjustment in youth with autism spectrum disorder: a 9-year longitudinal study","volume":"29","author":"Dieleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2015.1017892","article-title":"Depression in youth with autism spectrum disorder: the role of ASD vulnerabilities and family\u2013environmental stressors","volume":"8","author":"Fung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032247","article-title":"Sexual selection and sex differences in the prevalence of childhood externalizing and adolescent internalizing disorders","volume":"139","author":"Martel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1356-0","article-title":"Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: evidence from a large sample of children and adolescents","volume":"42","author":"Mandy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.594082","article-title":"Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: an investigation on core symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity in preschoolers","volume":"14","author":"Prosperi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0125-y","article-title":"Psychopathology in children and adolescents with autism compared to young people with intellectual disability","volume":"36","author":"Brereton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000037415.21458.93","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in preschool children with PDD and clinic and comparison samples","volume":"34","author":"Gadow","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09798-4","article-title":"Sex differences in externalizing and internalizing symptoms in ADHD, autism, and general population samples","volume":"42","author":"Mayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-9536.2011.00023.x","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of internalising behaviour in the prediction of adolescent depressive symptoms","volume":"63","author":"Toumbourou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust J Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2608-1","article-title":"Sex differences in internalizing problems during adolescence in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"46","author":"Oswald","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.02.005","article-title":"Depressive and anxiety symptom trajectories from school age through young adulthood in samples with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay","volume":"54","author":"Gotham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-011-9231-7","article-title":"Variables associated with anxiety and depression in children with autism","volume":"23","author":"Mayes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dev Phys Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.01.015","article-title":"Sex differences in Arab children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"5","author":"Amr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315617881","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and intelligence quotient as predictors of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and in their siblings","volume":"20","author":"Rosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.4.657","article-title":"Co-occurrence of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: phenomenology and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Reiersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-016-9481-5","article-title":"Factors influencing agreement between parent and child reports of anxiety symptoms among children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders","volume":"28","author":"Ooi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dev Phys Disabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316669087","article-title":"Behavioural and cognitive sex\/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females","volume":"21","author":"Hull","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12989","article-title":"Intellectual disabilities moderate sex\/gender differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Saure","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2023.102207","article-title":"No sex differences in core autism features, social functioning, cognition or co-occurring conditions in young autistic children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Natoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib45","series-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib46","series-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","article-title":"Systematic reviews of etiology and risk (2020)","author":"Moola","year":"2024"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8623","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168623","article-title":"Selecting risk of bias tools for observational studies for a systematic review of anthropometric measurements and dental caries among children","volume":"18","author":"Mamikutty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037324","article-title":"Comparison of risk-of-bias assessment approaches for selection of studies reporting prevalence for economic analyses","volume":"10","author":"Glasgow","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib49","article-title":"Depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease-19 epidemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib50","series-title":"GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib51","first-page":"153","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101601","article-title":"Exploring profiles of anxiety symptoms in male and female children on the autism spectrum","volume":"76","author":"Ambrose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13925","article-title":"Testing the social motivation theory of autism: the role of co-occurring anxiety","volume":"65","author":"Bagg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321997284","article-title":"Associations between social camouflaging and internalizing symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Bernardin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16050591","article-title":"Sex-based asymmetry in the association between challenging behaviours and five anxiety disorders in autistic youth","volume":"16","author":"Bitsika","year":"2024","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.03.008","article-title":"Behavior problems among school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: associations with children\u2019s communication difficulties and parenting behaviors","volume":"8","author":"Boonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib57","first-page":"67","article-title":"Depression, temperament and their relationship to other characteristics in children with Asperger\u2019s disorder","volume":"10","author":"Butzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-021-01905-7","article-title":"Gender differences in treatment-seeking youth with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"30","author":"Cariveau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12830","article-title":"Emotional and behavioural problems in young children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"58","author":"Chandler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2018.1449887","article-title":"Understanding the characteristics of friendship quality, activity participation, and emotional well-being in Taiwanese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Occup Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04761-4","article-title":"Negative controlling parenting and child personality as modifiers of psychosocial development in youth with autism spectrum disorder: a 9-year longitudinal study at the level of within-person change","volume":"51","author":"De Clercq","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1323787","article-title":"Characterizing individual differences in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a descriptive study","volume":"15","author":"Di Vara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05534-x","article-title":"Brief report: family accommodation is associated with the impact of childhood anxiety in autism","volume":"53","author":"Emerson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-3025-9","article-title":"Does the presence of anxiety and ADHD symptoms add to social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder?","volume":"47","author":"Factor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000001028","article-title":"Emotional and behavioral problems in youth with autism: high prevalence and impact on functioning","volume":"43","author":"Fombonne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00535","article-title":"Assessment of psychopathological comorbidities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder using the Child Behavior Checklist","volume":"10","author":"Guerrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-023-06079-3","article-title":"Refining our understanding of anxiety in autistic youth: examining the role of behavioral inflexibility","volume":"54","author":"Harrop","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13085","article-title":"Usefulness of CBCL\/6-18 to evaluate emotional and behavioral problems in Indonesian autism spectrum disorder children","volume":"58","author":"Hartini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12164","article-title":"Age- and sex-related emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders: comparison with control children","volume":"68","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613221146477","article-title":"Sex differences in the course of autistic and co-occurring psychopathological symptoms in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder","volume":"27","author":"Horwitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361309335719","article-title":"Multi-informant reports of psychiatric symptoms among high-functioning adolescents with Asperger syndrome or autism","volume":"13","author":"Hurtig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2481-y","article-title":"Reliability and validity of parent- and child-rated anxiety measures in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"45","author":"Kaat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2022.101915","article-title":"Affective problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, and challenging behaviour in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"92","author":"Leader","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00138","article-title":"The screen for child anxiety-related emotional disorders is sensitive but not specific in identifying anxiety in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a pilot comparison to the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment scales","volume":"8","author":"Lohr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315577519","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in young people with autism spectrum disorder attending special schools: associations with gender, adaptive functioning and autism symptomatology","volume":"20","author":"Magiati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1964-y","article-title":"Does gender matter? A one year follow-up of autistic, attention and anxiety symptoms in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"44","author":"May","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00107","article-title":"Parental perspectives on psychiatric comorbidity in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders receiving publicly funded mental health services","volume":"10","author":"Muratori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib78","first-page":"23","article-title":"Anxiety in children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder","volume":"59","author":"Nakai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osaka City Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04132-8","article-title":"Sex differences in externalizing and internalizing symptoms of children with ASD","volume":"50","author":"Nasca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2721-9","article-title":"The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, sensory sensitivities, and anxiety in autistic and typically developing children","volume":"46","author":"Neil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3032","article-title":"Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in youth with autism: sex differences and social-emotional correlates","volume":"16","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib82","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do girls with low functioning autism compare to boys with autism and typically developing girls with regard to behavior, cognition, and psychopathology?","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.11.022","article-title":"High psychopathology subgroup in young children with autism: associations with biological sex and amygdala volume","volume":"59","author":"Nordahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001469","article-title":"Pubertal stage, sex and behaviour in neurodevelopmental disorders versus typical development: a cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Penner","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316675119","article-title":"Behavioral and emotional problems in high-functioning girls and boys with autism spectrum disorders: parents\u2019 reports and adolescents\u2019 self-reports","volume":"21","author":"Pisula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2859","article-title":"The relationship between camouflaging and mental health in autistic children and adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Ross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02036-0","article-title":"Behavioral gender differences in school-age children with autism","volume":"33","author":"Sanchez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211025895","article-title":"Diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depression symptoms in autistic and neurotypical early adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Schwartzman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3208","article-title":"The relationship between distress tolerance and behavioral activation on anxiety and depression symptomatology in autistic youth: leveraging self and caregiver perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Schwartzman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241249878","article-title":"Time is of the essence: Age at autism diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, and psychopathology","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1215-z","article-title":"Autism symptoms and internalizing psychopathology in girls and boys with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"42","author":"Solomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1489-9","article-title":"Convergent and discriminant validity and reliability of the pediatric anxiety rating scale in youth with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"42","author":"Storch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3752-1","article-title":"Views of teachers on anxiety symptoms in students with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"49","author":"Syriopoulou-Delli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04289-2","article-title":"Age differences in expression of generalized and social anxiety among youth with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"50","author":"Varela","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2248-x","article-title":"The interplay between sensory processing abnormalities, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and restricted and repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"45","author":"Wigham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00050","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety in a clinical Dutch sample of children with an autism spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"Wijnhoven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2989\/17280583.2019.1608830","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in children with autism spectrum disorder and elevated anxiety symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Wijnhoven","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2010.12.002","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder: An examination of gender differences","volume":"5","author":"Worley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7707","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723001599","article-title":"A longitudinal comparison of emotional, behavioral and attention problems in autistic and typically developing children","volume":"53","author":"Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0619-7","article-title":"Gender differences in anxiety trajectories from middle to late adolescence","volume":"46","author":"Ohannessian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.09.012","article-title":"Navigating the social environment in adolescence: the role of social brain development","volume":"89","author":"Andrews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2669-1","article-title":"Gender differences in the social motivation and friendship experiences of autistic and non-autistic adolescents","volume":"46","author":"Sedgewick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.718726","article-title":"Gender differences in peer influence on autistic traits in special needs schools\u2014evidence from staff reports","volume":"12","author":"Nenniger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12913","article-title":"The development of autistic social traits across childhood and adolescence in males and females","volume":"59","author":"Mandy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-021-00421-1","article-title":"Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults?","volume":"12","author":"Hull","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179700593X","article-title":"Puberty and depression: the roles of age, pubertal status and pubertal timing","volume":"28","author":"Angold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.12.004","article-title":"A systematic review of adrenarche as a sensitive period in neurobiological development and mental health","volume":"25","author":"Byrne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407070241","article-title":"Childhood adversity and youth depression: influence of gender and pubertal status","volume":"19","author":"Rudolph","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457942300010X","article-title":"Life stress influences the relationship between sex hormone fluctuation and affective symptoms in peripubertal female adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431614568198","article-title":"Explaining why early-maturing girls are more exposed to sexual harassment in early adolescence","volume":"36","author":"Skoog","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Early Adolesc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05517-y","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder and gender dysphoria\/incongruence. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Kallitsounaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib112","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-015-0318-0","article-title":"Interactive effects of psychosocial stress and early pubertal timing on youth depression and anxiety: contextual amplification in family and peer environments","volume":"25","author":"Winer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-024-00600-w","article-title":"Trajectory of depressive symptoms over adolescence in autistic and neurotypical youth","volume":"15","author":"Corbett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2786","article-title":"Examination of pubertal timing and tempo in females and males with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developing youth","volume":"15","author":"Corbett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261774","article-title":"Global perspectives on autism acceptance, camouflaging behaviours and mental health in autism spectrum disorder: a registered report protocol","volume":"16","author":"Keating","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856725021173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856725021173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T02:47:57Z","timestamp":1786416477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856725021173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856725021173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex\/Gender Differences in Internalizing Problems of Autistic Children and Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2025.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a92025 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}