{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:52:42Z","timestamp":1791665562151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007709","name":"Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS100779 Jenison Fund Career and Research Continuity Support"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS100779 Jenison Fund Career and Research Continuity Support"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-ES035740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-ES035740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["84020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaacap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:21:01Z","timestamp":1791588061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mortgage Lending Risk Maps From the 1930s Influence the Prevalence of Youth Mental Health Problems in the Modern Era"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5538-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Alexandra","family":"Burt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Bayavuya","family":"Moyakhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2270-0800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan A.","family":"Gillenwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Klump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber L.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10077","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions","volume":"389","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-024-02137-3","article-title":"Methodologic strategies for quantifying associations of historical and contemporary mortgage discrimination on population health equity: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Edwards","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib3","unstructured":"Solar O, Irwin A. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice) https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/ca294183-3263-470f-a5fe-8e124ec48c72\/content2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1538513202239694","article-title":"Who received loans? Home Owners\u2019 Loan Corporation lending and discrimination in Philadelphia in the 1930s","volume":"2","author":"Hillier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Planning history"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib5","first-page":"207","article-title":"Residential security maps and neighborhood appraisals: the home owners' loan corporation and the case of Philadelphia","volume":"29","author":"Hillier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Science History"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305656","article-title":"Structural racism, historical redlining, and risk of preterm birth in New York City, 2013\u20132017","volume":"110","author":"Krieger","year":"2020","journal-title":"American journal of public health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib7","unstructured":"Perry A, Rothwell J, Harshbarger D. The devaluation of assets in black neighborhoods. http:\/\/btbcoalition.org\/index%20page%20images\/2018.11_Brookings-Metro_Devaluation-Assets-Black-Neighborhoods_final.pdf2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor K-Y. Race for profit: How banks and the real estate industry undermined black homeownership. vol 152. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 2019.","DOI":"10.5149\/northcarolina\/9781469653662.001.0001"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00665-z","article-title":"The relationship of historical redlining with present-day neighborhood environmental and health outcomes: a scoping review and conceptual model","volume":"99","author":"Swope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100793","article-title":"The legacy of structural racism: associations between historic redlining, current mortgage lending, and health","volume":"14","author":"Lynch","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM-population health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7495","article-title":"Redlines and Greenspace: The Relationship between Historical Redlining and 2010 Greenspace across the United States","volume":"129","author":"Nardone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103622","article-title":"The long-run effects of the 1930s HOLC \u201credlining\u201d maps on place-based measures of economic opportunity and socioeconomic success","volume":"86","author":"Aaronson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regional Science and Urban Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102529","article-title":"The legacy of redlining: Associations between historical neighborhood mapping and contemporary tobacco retailer density in Ohio","volume":"68","author":"Schwartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2015.07.010","article-title":"A critical physical geography of urban soil contamination","volume":"65","author":"McClintock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301664","article-title":"The Drinking Water Disparities Framework: On the Origins and Persistence of Inequities in Exposure","volume":"104","author":"Balazs","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237241","article-title":"Associations between historical redlining and birth outcomes from 2006 through 2015 in California","volume":"15","author":"Nardone","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.102193","article-title":"Mortgage discrimination and preterm birth among African American women: An exploratory study","volume":"59","author":"Matoba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30241-4","article-title":"Associations between historical residential redlining and current age-adjusted rates of emergency department visits due to asthma across eight cities in California: An ecological study","volume":"4","author":"Nardone","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1038","article-title":"Neighborhood-Level Redlining and Lending Bias Are Associated with Breast Cancer Mortality in a Large and Diverse Metropolitan Area","volume":"30","author":"Collin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad034","article-title":"Historical redlining and breast cancer treatment and survival among older women in the United States","volume":"115","author":"Bikomeye","year":"2023","journal-title":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.5003","article-title":"Redlining and time to viral suppression among persons with HIV","volume":"184","author":"Bassler","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA internal medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.107011","article-title":"Historical redlining, neighborhood disadvantage, and reports of child maltreatment in a large urban county","volume":"156","author":"Littleton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2022.104568","article-title":"Emergency department visits for mental disorders and the built environment: Residential greenspace and historical redlining","volume":"230","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20150572","article-title":"The effects of exposure to better neighborhoods on children: New evidence from the Moving to Opportunity experiment","volume":"106","author":"Chetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.309","article-title":"The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes","volume":"126","author":"Leventhal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072220-015507","article-title":"The Genetic, Environmental, and Cultural Forces influencing Youth Antisocial Behavior are Tightly Intertwined","volume":"18","author":"Burt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579423000135","article-title":"Identifying the \u2018active ingredients\u2019 of socioeconomic disadvantage for youth outcomes in middle childhood","volume":"36","author":"Carroll","year":"2024","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.554","article-title":"Neighborhood residence and mental health problems of 5-to 11-year-olds","volume":"62","author":"Xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of general psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113542","article-title":"Neighbourhood deprivation effects on young people's mental health and well-being: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"270","author":"Visser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social science & medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2307\/1131583","article-title":"Childhood aggression and peer relations in the context of family and neighborhood factors","volume":"66","author":"Kupersmidt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.08.023","article-title":"A global study on the influence of neighborhood contextual factors on adolescent health","volume":"55","author":"Mmari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2020.06.009","article-title":"The effect of family and neighbourhood social capital on youth mental health in South Africa","volume":"83","author":"Somefun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/2137258","article-title":"The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health","author":"Aneshensel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of health and social behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2025.01.014","article-title":"Historic Structural Racism and Perceived Stress in Adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Laurent","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.17645\/up.v7i4.5410","article-title":"Inequitable housing practices and youth internalizing symptoms: Mediation via perceptions of neighborhood cohesion","volume":"7","author":"Sadler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urban planning"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.57","article-title":"The Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR): 15 years of twin and family research","volume":"22","author":"Burt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.87","article-title":"The Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR): An update","volume":"16","author":"Burt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.53","article-title":"How does the inclusion of twins conceived via fertility treatments influence the results of twin studies?","volume":"15","author":"Burt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire","volume":"40","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-003-0298-2","article-title":"The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Muris","year":"2003","journal-title":"European child & adolescent psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib41","unstructured":"Nelson RK, Winling L, Marciano R, Connolly N. Mapping inequality: Redlining in new deal America. 2021;5(39.1):94.58. doi:(paste into your browser): https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/panorama\/redlining"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flanagan BE, Gregory EW, Hallisey EJ, Heitgerd JL, Lewis B. A social vulnerability index for disaster management. 2011;doi:10.2202\/1547-7355.1792","DOI":"10.2202\/1547-7355.1792"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2008.0012","article-title":"Neighborhood selection and the social reproduction of concentrated racial inequality","volume":"45","author":"Sampson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.13.1.79","article-title":"A twin-singleton comparison of developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems in 6- to 12-year-old children","volume":"13","author":"Robbers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01916.x","article-title":"Annotation: Growing up as a twin: Twin-singleton differences in psychological development","volume":"32","author":"Rutter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807504116","article-title":"Residential green space in childhood is associated with lower risk of psychiatric disorders from adolescence into adulthood","volume":"116","author":"Engemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the national academy of sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s42949-021-00022-0","article-title":"Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities","volume":"1","author":"Locke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Npj Urban Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7495","article-title":"Redlines and greenspace: the relationship between historical redlining and 2010 greenspace across the United States","volume":"129","author":"Nardone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental health perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-026-00190-w","article-title":"Associations of heat exposure with mental health and suicide in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. npj","volume":"5","author":"Lai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mental Health Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/cli8010012","article-title":"The effects of historical housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat: a study of 108 US urban areas","volume":"8","author":"Hoffman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Climate"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856726021799?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856726021799?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:43:24Z","timestamp":1791665004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856726021799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0890856726021799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mortgage Lending Risk Maps From the 1930s Influence the Prevalence of Youth Mental Health Problems in the Modern Era","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2026.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}