{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T01:11:18Z","timestamp":1762650678304,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010523","name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017470","name":"CAMH Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017470","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jaacapopen.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAACAP Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T21:07:48Z","timestamp":1727384868000},"page":"782-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing Youth With Bipolar Disorder to Non-Bipolar Youth Referred for Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-005X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jangho","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alysha A.","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A.","family":"Youngstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0661-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rajamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikaela K.","family":"Dimick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0340-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin I.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10265","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31544-0","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"396","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.08.054","article-title":"Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"242","author":"Plans","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.01.022","article-title":"Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000 participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD)","volume":"55","author":"Perlis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.10.070","article-title":"The poor prognosis of childhood-onset bipolar disorder","volume":"150","author":"Leverich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1633","article-title":"Further evidence for a developmental subtype of bipolar disorder defined by age at onset: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"163","author":"Goldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.019","article-title":"Childhood-compared to adolescent-onset bipolar disorder has more statistically significant clinical correlates","volume":"179","author":"Holtzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322724841","article-title":"Defining a developmental subtype of bipolar disorder in a sample of nonreferred adults by age at onset","volume":"13","author":"Mick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13148","article-title":"A commentary on youth onset bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib9","first-page":"93","article-title":"Analysis of misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in an outpatient setting","volume":"30","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0516-2","article-title":"Distinguishing bipolar disorder from other psychiatric disorders in children","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318145ae1c","article-title":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders","volume":"46","author":"Birmaher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.04.011","article-title":"Age-grouped differences in bipolar mania","volume":"53","author":"Safer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.042","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children","volume":"60","author":"Brotman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.006","article-title":"Increased rates of bipolar disorder diagnoses among U.S. child, adolescent, and adult inpatients, 1996-2004","volume":"62","author":"Blader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.113","article-title":"Bipolar disorder in pediatric patients: a nationwide retrospective study from 2000 to 2015","volume":"298","author":"Campos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-014-0010-0","article-title":"Are rates of pediatric bipolar disorder increasing? Results from a nationwide register study","volume":"2","author":"Kessing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-016-0064-2","article-title":"Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents: diagnostic inpatient rates from 2000 to 2013 in Germany","volume":"4","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.430","article-title":"Defining clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania","volume":"160","author":"Leibenluft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib19","first-page":"397","article-title":"Pediatric bipolar disorder versus severe mood dysregulation: risk for manic episodes on follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Stringaris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.057","article-title":"Diagnosis of bipolar disorder in primary and secondary care: what have we learned over a 10-year period?","volume":"174","author":"Daigneault","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12556","article-title":"The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: knowledge to date and directions for future research","volume":"19","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib22","first-page":"3","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder","volume":"49","author":"Goldstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib23","first-page":"112","article-title":"Multivariate meta-analysis of the discriminative validity of caregiver, youth, and teacher rating scales for pediatric bipolar disorder: mother knows best about mania","volume":"3","author":"Youngstrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Sci Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.02.006","article-title":"Differentiating bipolar disorder-not otherwise specified and severe mood dysregulation","volume":"52","author":"Towbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.534","article-title":"Comorbid anxiety in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder","volume":"15","author":"Dickstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.709","article-title":"Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort","volume":"60","author":"Kim-Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","article-title":"Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.175","article-title":"Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders","volume":"63","author":"Birmaher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790300064008","article-title":"The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview: test-retest reliability of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present Episode Version","volume":"42","author":"Chambers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.675","article-title":"Brief screening for family psychiatric history: the family history screen","volume":"57","author":"Weissman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"year":"1975","series-title":"Four factor index of social status","author":"Hollingshead","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib31"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010","article-title":"A Children\u2019s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)","volume":"40","author":"Shaffer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(96)02851-X","article-title":"The Children\u2019s Affective Lability Scale: a psychometric evaluation of reliability","volume":"65","author":"Gerson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib34","first-page":"198","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the life problems inventory, a measure of borderline personality features in adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Rathus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12070999","article-title":"DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses","volume":"170","author":"Regier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000445251.20875.47","article-title":"Diagnostic profiles and clinical characteristics of youth referred to a pediatric mood disorders clinic","volume":"20","author":"Weintraub","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14010035","article-title":"Diagnostic precursors to bipolar disorder in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a longitudinal study","volume":"172","author":"Axelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10100689","article-title":"A naturalistic study of youth referred to a tertiary care facility for acute hypomanic or manic episode","volume":"10","author":"Masi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-017-0071-y","article-title":"A systematic review of the frequency and severity of manic symptoms reported in studies that compare phenomenology across children, adolescents and adults with bipolar disorders","volume":"5","author":"Ryles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.05.016","article-title":"Diagnostic trends and prescription patterns in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and bipolar disorder","volume":"61","author":"Findling","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2021.0057","article-title":"Symptoms and characteristics of youth hospitalized for depression: subthreshold manic symptoms can help differentiate bipolar from unipolar depression","volume":"31","author":"Van Meter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0154","article-title":"Distinguishing bipolar depression from unipolar depression in youth: preliminary findings","volume":"27","author":"Diler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.017","article-title":"Generalizing the prediction of bipolar disorder onset across high-risk populations","volume":"60","author":"Van Meter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.01.029","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of bipolar I disorder among adults with primary youth-onset anxiety disorders","volume":"103","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-021-00237-1","article-title":"Affective lability as a prospective predictor of subsequent bipolar disorder diagnosis: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12831","article-title":"An International Society of Bipolar Disorders task force report: Precursors and prodromes of bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Faedda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12054","article-title":"Phenomenology of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified in youth: a comparison of clinical characteristics across the spectrum of manic symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Hafeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.3700","article-title":"Role of polygenic risk score in the familial transmission of bipolar disorder in youth","volume":"79","author":"Birmaher","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0031","article-title":"Similarities and differences across bipolar disorder subtypes among adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["JAACAP Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294973292400067X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294973292400067X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T01:06:23Z","timestamp":1762650383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S294973292400067X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S294973292400067X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-7329"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2949-7329"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparing Youth With Bipolar Disorder to Non-Bipolar Youth Referred for Bipolar Disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JAACAP Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.09.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}