{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:56:49Z","timestamp":1790942209149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,8]],"date-time":"2004-07-08T11:14:16Z","timestamp":1089285256000},"page":"45-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Ultraviolet exposure is a reinforcing stimulus in frequent indoor tanners"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Steven R","family":"Feldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kucenic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Alan B","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112581","article-title":"Tanning salon exposure and molecular alterations","volume":"44","author":"Whitmore","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.3.224","article-title":"Use of tanning devices and risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers","volume":"94","author":"Karagas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB3","unstructured":"Levine A. A new bronze age for the tanning industry; indoor tanning salons take on their critics. US News and World Report 1997; Sept 9."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80122-3","article-title":"Trends in sun exposure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors: 1986 to 1996","volume":"37","author":"Robinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1009","article-title":"Use of sunscreen, sunburning rates, and tanning bed use among more than 10,000 US children and adolescents","volume":"109","author":"Geller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.1124","article-title":"Use of indoor tanning sunlamps by US youth, ages 11-18 years, and by their parent or guardian caregivers: prevalence and correlates","volume":"109","author":"Cokkinides","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70274-W","article-title":"A survey of attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding tanning bed use, sunbathing, and sunscreen use","volume":"29","author":"Mawn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70439-1","article-title":"A population-based survey on the use of artificial tanning devices in the Province of Quebec, Canada","volume":"40","author":"Rhainds","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(09)80016-9","article-title":"A population-based survey of sun lamp and tanning parlor use in New York State, 1990","volume":"31","author":"Lillquist","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1998.tb00018.x","article-title":"A hazard assessment of artificial tanning units","volume":"14","author":"Moseley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.3.476","article-title":"The use of commercial tanning facilities by suburban Minnesota adolescents","volume":"84","author":"Oliphant","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70029-S","article-title":"Tanning facility compliance with state and federal regulations in North Carolina: a poor performance","volume":"28","author":"Fleischer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.13.1.86","article-title":"Effects of appearance-based admonitions against sun exposure on tanning intentions in young adults","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01039.x","article-title":"The social psychology of tanning and sunscreen use","volume":"23","author":"Leary","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200406","article-title":"Appearance motivation, obsessive-compulsive tendencies and excessive suntanning in a community sample","volume":"2","author":"Leary","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01527.x","article-title":"Effects of suntan on judgements of healthiness and attractiveness by adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Bloodstock","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.10.1311","article-title":"Awareness of the risks of tanning lamps does not influence behavior among college students","volume":"138","author":"Knight","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB18","first-page":"205","article-title":"A role for neuropeptides in UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression","volume":"68","author":"Garssen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02988.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of ultraviolet light-induced pigmentation","volume":"63","author":"Gilchrest","year":"1996","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1998.tb00307.x","article-title":"Neuropeptides in the skin: interactions between the neuroendocrine and the skin immune systems","volume":"7","author":"Scholzen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(96)00063-8","article-title":"Production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and keratinocytes in culture: regulation by ultraviolet B","volume":"1313","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12345496","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin gene product regulation in keratinocytes","volume":"106","author":"Wintzen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90150-2","article-title":"Plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipoprotein response to ultraviolet radiation","volume":"2","author":"Levins","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.5.3.295","article-title":"Caffeine self-administration in humans: 2. A within-subjects comparison of coffee and cola vehicles","volume":"5","author":"Liguori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2002.02766.x","article-title":"Visual discrimination testing of ultraviolet transmitting and ultraviolet blocking acrylic thermoplastics","volume":"18","author":"Kucenic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB26","series-title":"Phototherapy and psoriasis treatment manual","author":"Zanolli","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/016327879702000401","article-title":"Factors that influence health risk behaviors among tanning salon patrons","volume":"20","author":"Beasley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1315::AID-CNCR1453>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Lifestyle high-risk behaviors and demographics may predict the level of participation in sun-protection behaviors and skin cancer primary prevention in the United States: results of the 1998 national health interview survey","volume":"92","author":"Santmyire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04859.x","article-title":"Plasma levels of opioid peptides after sunbed exposures","volume":"147","author":"Gambichler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962204005559?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962204005559?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T21:34:51Z","timestamp":1759268091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962204005559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962204005559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ultraviolet exposure is a reinforcing stimulus in frequent indoor tanners","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}