{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:31:20Z","timestamp":1791397880660,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,31]],"date-time":"2004-08-31T16:30:36Z","timestamp":1093969836000},"page":"327-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":399,"title":["Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Glen H.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Pelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120625","article-title":"Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea","volume":"46","author":"Wilkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750009915","article-title":"Stinging and rosacea","volume":"79","author":"Lonne-Rahm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB3","series-title":"Dermatologie und Venerologie","author":"Braun-Falco","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB4","series-title":"Acne and rosacea","author":"Plewig","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690030091015","article-title":"Rosacea. Pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"130","author":"Wilkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56s","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12468949","article-title":"Rosacea","volume":"88","author":"Rebora","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB7","first-page":"29","article-title":"Pathogenesis of rosacea","volume":"17","author":"Dahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.1997.tb00196.x","article-title":"Flushing: causes, investigation and clinical consequences","volume":"8","author":"Greaves","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70177-2","article-title":"Why is flushing limited to a mostly facial cutaneous distribution","volume":"19","author":"Wilkin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15915.x","article-title":"Disseminated rosacea","volume":"81","author":"Marks","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12524458","article-title":"Oral thermal-induced flushing in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea","volume":"76","author":"Wilkin","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00038-3","article-title":"Alcohol intake and other skin disorders","volume":"17","author":"Higgins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00424276","article-title":"Rosacea: disturbed defense against brain overheating","volume":"281","author":"Brinnel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80389-1","article-title":"Periorbital edema as an initial presentation of rosacea","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB15","first-page":"321","article-title":"Rosaceous lymphedema: a rare variant of a common disorder","volume":"61","author":"Harvey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB16","first-page":"2344","article-title":"[Rosacea]","volume":"43","author":"Decauchy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Prat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70086-U","article-title":"Rosacea: a study of clinical patterns, blood flow, and the role of Demodex folliculorum","volume":"26","author":"Sibenge","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064456","article-title":"Clinical and histological variants of rhinophyma, including nonsurgical treatment modalities","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90220-2","article-title":"The clinicopathologic spectrum of rhinophyma","volume":"42","author":"Aloi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200209010-00023","article-title":"Rhinophyma: review and update","volume":"110","author":"Rohrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-001-0039-1","article-title":"Surgical treatment of rhinophyma: a comparison of techniques","volume":"26","author":"Bogetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB22","series-title":"Acne and related disorders: proceedings of an international symposium","first-page":"301","article-title":"Isotretinoin in the treatment of rosacea and rhinophyma","author":"Irvine","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670300019001","article-title":"Surgical correction of rhinophyma","volume":"126","author":"Lloyd","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB24","first-page":"575","article-title":"[Oral treatment of rosacea with 13-cis-retinoic acid]","volume":"32","author":"Nikolowski","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203070-00005","article-title":"The management of rosacea","volume":"3","author":"Rebora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30015-3","article-title":"Ocular rosacea: patient characteristics and follow-up","volume":"104","author":"Akpek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200304000-00009","article-title":"The prevalence of ocular signs in acne rosacea: comparing patients from ophthalmology and dermatology clinics","volume":"22","author":"Ghanem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1986.tb04533.x","article-title":"Treatment of rosacea with isotretinoin","volume":"25","author":"Hoting","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB29","first-page":"9","article-title":"Oculocutaneous aspects of rosacea","volume":"62","author":"Starr","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890370055009","article-title":"Ocular rosacea. Signs, symptoms, and tear studies before and after treatment with doxycycline","volume":"133","author":"Quarterman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199503000-00005","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film abnormalities in rosacea","volume":"14","author":"Zengin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070060109059","article-title":"Granulomatous acne rosacea of the eyelids","volume":"108","author":"Patrinely","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB33","series-title":"Eye and skin diseases","first-page":"335","article-title":"Acne rosacea","author":"Macsai","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(86)90034-2","article-title":"Ocular rosacea","volume":"31","author":"Browning","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surv Opthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(79)90525-7","article-title":"Ocular rosacea","volume":"88","author":"Jenkins","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13185.x","article-title":"Rosacea with special reference to its ocular manifestations","volume":"65","author":"Borrie","year":"1953","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB37","series-title":"Acne rosacea","author":"Plewig","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640290094024","article-title":"Epigastric rosacea","volume":"116","author":"Wilkin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)80532-1","article-title":"How common is extrafacial rosacea?","volume":"14","author":"Dupont","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06477.x","article-title":"Rosacea on common male baldness","volume":"93","author":"Gajewska","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)80138-X","article-title":"Extrafacial rosacea is rare but does exist","volume":"16","author":"Ayres","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB42","first-page":"139","article-title":"The red scrotum syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Fisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1974.01630100075019","article-title":"Steroid rosacea","volume":"110","author":"Leyden","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230390036021","article-title":"Adverse effects of fluorinated steroids applied to the face","volume":"229","author":"Kligman","year":"1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5645.670","article-title":"Adverse effect of topical fluorinated corticosteroids in rosacea","volume":"1","author":"Sneddon","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02225.x","article-title":"Rosacea-like dermatitis: contraindication or intolerance reaction to strong steroids","volume":"86","author":"Weber","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114739","article-title":"Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of steroid-induced rosacea: a preliminary report","volume":"44","author":"Goldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB48","first-page":"141","article-title":"Combination therapy of tetracycline and tacrolimus resulting in rapid resolution of steroid-induced periocular rosacea","volume":"72","author":"Pabby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02063.x","article-title":"FACE\u2014facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1989.01670150059008","article-title":"Granulomatous perioral dermatitis in children","volume":"125","author":"Frieden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690030105018","article-title":"Red papules on the face with secondary scarring. Lupus miliaris faciei (LMF)","volume":"130","author":"Puppin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB52","series-title":"Acne and related disorders","first-page":"293","article-title":"Rosacea: hopeless hypotheses, marvelous myths, and dermal disorganization","author":"Marks","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)91361-X","article-title":"Gastrointestinal observations in rosacea","volume":"1","author":"Marks","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63982-5","article-title":"Fine-structural identification of autonomic nerves and their relation to smooth muscle","volume":"34","author":"Burnstock","year":"1971","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1948.1.3.234","article-title":"Regional differences in the basal and maximal rates of blood flow in the skin","volume":"1","author":"Hertzman","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB56","series-title":"Advances in biology of skin","first-page":"191","article-title":"Cutaneous blood flow and tissue blood exchange","author":"Serjesen","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12522619","article-title":"Basal perfusion of the cutaneous microcirculation: measurements as a function of anatomic position","volume":"81","author":"Tur","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12512516","article-title":"The blood vessels of the skin","volume":"67","author":"Ryan","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(98)90019-6","article-title":"Selective brain cooling in hyperthermia: the mechanisms and medical implications","volume":"50","author":"Nagasaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12649.x","article-title":"The state of the blood vessels of the face in rosacea\u2014I","volume":"67","author":"Borrie","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12690.x","article-title":"The state of the blood vessels of the face in rosacea\u2014II","volume":"67","author":"Borrie","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198609113151109","article-title":"The carcinoid syndrome","volume":"315","author":"Oates","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB63","series-title":"Acne and related disorders","first-page":"307","article-title":"Substance P levels in rosacea","author":"Powell","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80863-8","article-title":"Substance P and rosacea","volume":"28","author":"Powell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80678-0","article-title":"Substance P immunoreactivity in rosacea","volume":"25","author":"Kurkcuoglu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB66","first-page":"111","article-title":"Rhinophyma\u2014unusual expression of simple-type keratins and S100A in sebocytes and abundance of VIP receptor-positive dermal cells","volume":"11","author":"Wollina","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70396-3","article-title":"Human gastrin: a Helicobacter pylori\u2013specific growth factor","volume":"117","author":"Chowers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB68","first-page":"217","article-title":"Influence of Helicobacter pylori on gastric secretion and gastrin release in normal Chinese subjects","volume":"62","author":"Tseng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chinese Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00509061","article-title":"Flushing in rosacea: a possible mechanism","volume":"272","author":"Guerrera","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406420","article-title":"Flushing in rosacea: an experimental approach","volume":"269","author":"Parodi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB71","unstructured":"Burgess TH. Eruptions of the face, head and hands. London; 1849."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1930.tb09399.x","article-title":"Changes in the skin vessels from protracted action of climatic factors and their significance in various skin diseases","volume":"42","author":"Haxthausen","year":"1930","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB73","first-page":"137","article-title":"Aetiology and pathogenesis of rosacea","volume":"30","author":"Soybe","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610300033005","article-title":"Histopathology of rosacea","volume":"100","author":"Marks","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690030051008","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of topical tretinoin and low-dose oral isotretinoin in rosacea","volume":"130","author":"Ertl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70065-2","article-title":"The Demodex mite population in rosacea","volume":"28","author":"Bonnar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB77","series-title":"Advances in biology of the skin","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and its relationship to skin cancer in man","author":"Urbach","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB78","first-page":"419","article-title":"An epidemiological study of rosacea","volume":"69","author":"Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12288.x","article-title":"Concepts in the pathogenesis of rosacea","volume":"80","author":"Marks","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01669.x","article-title":"Immunopathological studies on rosacea","volume":"103","author":"Nunzi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB81","first-page":"232","article-title":"Die UV-lichtenpfindlichkeit der haut bei der rosacea","volume":"55","author":"Goetz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12676.x","article-title":"Mepacrine and chloroquine in the treatment of rosacea","volume":"67","author":"Brodthagen","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70173-X","article-title":"Acne rosacea in blacks","volume":"17","author":"Rosen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90644-6","article-title":"Ocular rosacea in blacks","volume":"101","author":"Browning","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2001)073<0532:PILETR>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Phototesting in lupus erythematosus tumidus\u2014review of 60 patients","volume":"73","author":"Kuhn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB86","first-page":"801","article-title":"[Rosacea: histopathologic study of 75 cases]","volume":"115","author":"Ramelet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00275.x","article-title":"Capillaropathy and capillaroneogenesis in the pathogenesis of rosacea","volume":"37","author":"Neumann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB88","series-title":"Acne and related disorders","first-page":"339","article-title":"The significance of telangiectasia in rosacea","author":"Motley","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70304-K","article-title":"A clinical and histopathologic study of granulomatous rosacea","volume":"25","author":"Helm","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB90","first-page":"194","article-title":"Ultraviolet light induced connective tissue changes in rat skin: a histologic and histochemical study","volume":"51","author":"Nakamuro","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08413.x","article-title":"Intracutaneous herniation of fat in connection with microangiopathia diabetica","volume":"204","author":"Einarsson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1971.32.1017","article-title":"Skin diseases in alcoholics","volume":"32","author":"Rosset","year":"1971","journal-title":"Q J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74290-4","article-title":"Multiple chalazia and rosacea in a patient treated with amiodarone","volume":"103","author":"Reifler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.1.36","article-title":"Steroid rosacea in children","volume":"64","author":"Franco","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1972.tb01589.x","article-title":"A rosacea-like eruption of children","volume":"87","author":"Savin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)70040-9","article-title":"Complications of topical hydrocortisone","volume":"4","author":"Guin","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB97","first-page":"62","article-title":"Steroid rosacea in prepubertal children","volume":"154","author":"Weston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00641.x","article-title":"Rosacea induced by beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray","volume":"38","author":"Egan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB99","first-page":"119","article-title":"Acneiform eruption due to \u201cmegadose\u201d vitamins B6 and B12","volume":"48","author":"Sherertz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00308.x","article-title":"Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12","volume":"15","author":"Jansen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03122.x","article-title":"The sebum excretion rate in rosacea","volume":"92","author":"Burton","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04365.x","article-title":"Skin surface lipid composition in rosacea","volume":"94","author":"Pye","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB103","first-page":"166","article-title":"[Demodex folliculorum and the histogenesis of granulomatous rosacea]","volume":"25","author":"Grosshans","year":"1974","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01739.x","article-title":"Demodex mites in acne rosacea","volume":"25","author":"Roihu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB105","first-page":"622","article-title":"[Demodicidae\/follicle mites]","volume":"70","author":"Rufli","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00261.x","article-title":"Density of Demodex folliculorum in rosacea: a case-control study using standardized skin-surface biopsy","volume":"128","author":"Forton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70137-9","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis in cutaneous biopsies","volume":"7","author":"Aylesworth","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(01)00244-9","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum in development of dermatitis rosaceiformis steroidica and rosacea-related diseases","volume":"20","author":"Basta-Juzbasic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90318-J","article-title":"Demodicosis and rosacea","volume":"337","author":"Skrlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB110","first-page":"83","article-title":"[Demodecidosis and rosaceiform dermatitis]","volume":"4","author":"Hojyo Tomoka","year":"1976","journal-title":"Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB111","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Uber regelmassiges vorkommen von Demodex folliculorum in den puteln von rosacea pustulosa","volume":"81","author":"Kaufmann-Wolf","year":"1925","journal-title":"Dermat Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1933.02740090017005","article-title":"Acne rosacea: response to local tretment of Demodex folliculorum","volume":"100","author":"Ayres","year":"1933","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580110104016","article-title":"Demodectic eruptions (demodicidosis) in the human","volume":"83","author":"Ayres","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80268-X","article-title":"Granulomatous rosacea in a child infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"27","author":"Sanchez-Viera","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00242.x","article-title":"Demodicidosis in an immunodeficient child","volume":"14","author":"Castanet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB116","first-page":"188","article-title":"Recherche du Demodex folliculorum hominis dans la peau saine","volume":"1","author":"DuBois","year":"1910","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Syph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB117","first-page":"451","article-title":"The prevalence of hair follicle mites in Caucasian New Zealanders","volume":"95","author":"Andrews","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB118","first-page":"1211","article-title":"[Demodex folliculorum and rosacea: experimental and immunological studies]","volume":"55","author":"Grosshans","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB119","first-page":"742","article-title":"Histogenesis of the inflammatory component of rosacea","volume":"66","author":"Marks","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB120","first-page":"119","article-title":"The possible role of skin surface lipid in rosacea with epithelioid granulomas","volume":"46","author":"Basta-Juzbasic","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Med Croatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB121","first-page":"1053","article-title":"La vie parasitaire due Demodex folliculorum hominis","volume":"4","author":"Fuss","year":"1933","journal-title":"Ann Derm Syph (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1969.15","article-title":"Cutaneous infestation with Demodex folliculorum in man","volume":"52","author":"Reichers","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB123","first-page":"699","article-title":"Demodicidose \u201cgravis.\u201d","volume":"106","author":"De Dulanto","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010030051021","article-title":"Demodex granuloma","volume":"115","author":"Ecker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB125","first-page":"540","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum als ursache eines solitaren tuberkuloiden granulomas","volume":"53","author":"Seifert","year":"1977","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00218.x","article-title":"The significance of Demodex folliculorum density in rosacea","volume":"37","author":"Erbagci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB127","first-page":"27","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum in hair follicles of eyelid skin","volume":"11","author":"Roth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/23.4.348","article-title":"Infestation of the skin with Demodex folliculorum","volume":"23","author":"Breckenridge","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Clin Path"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB129","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Demodex et inflammation perifolliculaire chez l'homme revue et observation de 69 biopsies","volume":"113","author":"Forton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555561182183","article-title":"Metronidazole and Demodex folliculorum","volume":"61","author":"Persi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB131","first-page":"346","article-title":"Evaluation of topical metronidazole gel in acne rosacea","volume":"21","author":"Aronson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Drug Intell Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB132","first-page":"283","article-title":"Topical metronidazole for severe and recalcitrant rosacea: a prospective open trial","volume":"43","author":"Lowe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1965.01600170058008","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum and rosacea: a clinical and histological study","volume":"92","author":"Robinson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70493-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment reduces the severity of rosacea","volume":"40","author":"Utas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90238-X","article-title":"Does Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment reduce the severity of rosacea?","volume":"42","author":"Bamford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90240-8","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: related to rosacea?","volume":"42","author":"Grilli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90242-1","article-title":"Does Helicobacter pylori have a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea?","volume":"42","author":"Hirschmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.110066","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and rosacea","volume":"43","author":"Rebora","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2000.00132.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and rosacea","volume":"14","author":"Rebora","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB140","first-page":"65","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcer Disease","volume":"272","author":"NIH Consensus Conference","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(00)00160-1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori. One bacterium and a broad spectrum of human disease! An overview","volume":"94","author":"Pakodi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB142","first-page":"84","article-title":"[The clinico-morphofunctional status of the esophagogastroduodenal system in patients with acne rosacea: the etiological, pathogenetic and treatment aspects]","volume":"Oct-Dec(10-12)","author":"Abrahamovych","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lik Sprava"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000246470","article-title":"May Helicobacter pylori be important for dermatologists?","volume":"191","author":"Rebora","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-9959(95)96388-O","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with acne rosacea [abstract]","volume":"5","author":"Erel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB145","first-page":"75","article-title":"Positive Helicobacter pylori serology in rosacea patients","volume":"161","author":"Powell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Irish J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB146","first-page":"777","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and its eradication in rosacea","volume":"50","author":"Szlachcic","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB147","first-page":"831","article-title":"Serologic determination of Helicobacter pylori in rosacea patients and controls","volume":"40","author":"Schneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.4.511","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in rosacea: lack of an association","volume":"134","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00220.x","article-title":"A study of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and other markers of upper gastrointestinal tract disease in patients with rosacea","volume":"93","author":"Sharma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02852.x","article-title":"The response of rosacea to eradication of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"140","author":"Son","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2000.15.5.551","article-title":"Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and rosacea: it may be a myth","volume":"15","author":"Herr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.6.659","article-title":"Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on rosacea","volume":"135","author":"Bamford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030_BIB153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0379fje","article-title":"UV induces VEGF through a TNF-alpha independent pathway","volume":"17","author":"Kosmadaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962204008448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962204008448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T21:34:41Z","timestamp":1759268081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962204008448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962204008448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}