{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:25:52Z","timestamp":1792697152551,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,19]],"date-time":"2005-06-19T07:07:29Z","timestamp":1119164849000},"page":"S50-S58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Corticosteroids: Options in the era of steroid-sparing therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Del Rosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila Fallon","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib1","series-title":"Topical corticosteroids","first-page":"1","article-title":"History","author":"Witten","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(97)00020-5","article-title":"Corticosteroids","volume":"15","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1962.01590110044005","article-title":"Method for comparing percutaneous absorption of steroids","volume":"86","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1992.tb04012.x","article-title":"Clinical trials of topical corticosteroids in psoriasis: correlations with the vasoconstrictor assay","volume":"31","author":"Cornell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660010067020","article-title":"Correlation of the vasoconstriction assay and clinical activity in psoriasis","volume":"121","author":"Cornell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib6","series-title":"Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","first-page":"1593","article-title":"Dermatological pharmacology","author":"Guzzo","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib7","series-title":"Steroids","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib8","series-title":"Topical corticosteroids","first-page":"42","article-title":"Vasoconstrictor assay\u2014specific applications","author":"Stoughton","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12954-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.04713.x","article-title":"Topical preparations for the treatment of psoriasis: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Mason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib11","first-page":"725","article-title":"Treatment of psoriasis: an algorithm-based approach for primary care physicians","volume":"61","author":"Pardasani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib12","series-title":"Therapy of moderate-to-severe psoriasis","first-page":"29","article-title":"Topical agents in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis","author":"Callis","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7198.1600","article-title":"Clinical evidence: atopic eczema","volume":"318","author":"Charman","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","author":"Knowles","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacy Practice CME Newsletter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib15","first-page":"2","article-title":"A systematic review of adverse effects associated with topical treatments for psoriasis","volume":"9","author":"Bruner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03473.x","article-title":"Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema","volume":"142","author":"Charman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117046","article-title":"Treatment of psoriasis. Part 1. Topical therapy and phototherapy","volume":"45","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib18","first-page":"341","article-title":"Topical corticosteroid therapy in psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"46","author":"Trozak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00121.x","article-title":"Contact allergy to corticosteroids","volume":"55","author":"Matura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.174","article-title":"Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% in peanut oil: therapy for childhood atopic dermatitis, even in patients who are peanut sensitive","volume":"48","author":"Paller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib21","first-page":"151","article-title":"Effect of desonide ointment, 0.05%, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"59","author":"Lucky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.118337","article-title":"Safety of fluticasone propionate cream 0.05% for the treatment of severe and extensive atopic dermatitis in children as young as 3 months","volume":"46","author":"Friedlander","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05356.x","article-title":"Topical corticosteroid treatment: systemic side-effects","volume":"149","author":"Kane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1159\/000051794","article-title":"Bilateral femoral avascular necrosis in a man with psoriasis: responsibility of topical corticosteroids and role of cyclosporine","volume":"203","author":"Reichert-Penetrat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70573-0","article-title":"Super potent topical corticosteroid use associated with adrenal suppression: clinical considerations","volume":"38","author":"Gilbertson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.18021.x","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome secondary to topical corticosteroids abuse","volume":"58","author":"Ermis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.4.459","article-title":"Growth retardation in children with ulcerative colitis: the effect of medical and surgical therapy","volume":"55","author":"Berger","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979982","article-title":"A case of iatrogenic growth retardation induced by a corticosteroid-containing anti-allergic drug","volume":"27","author":"Nishikawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000251537","article-title":"A case of growth retardation and Cushing's syndrome due to excessive application of betamethasone-17-valerate ointment","volume":"149","author":"Vermeer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630170039002","article-title":"Tachyphylaxis to the action of topically applied corticosteroids","volume":"111","author":"du Vivier","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib31","first-page":"546","article-title":"Failure to demonstrate therapeutic tachyphylaxis to topically applied steroids in patients with psoriasis","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib32","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment","volume":"60","author":"Correale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30055-X","article-title":"Minimizing complications from systemic glucocorticosteroid use","volume":"13","author":"Nesbitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01357.x","article-title":"Parental knowledge of topical therapies in the treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis","volume":"28","author":"Beattie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7340.768","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of short bursts of a potent topical corticosteroid versus prolonged use of a mild preparation for children with mild or moderate atopic eczema","volume":"324","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib36","series-title":"Therapy of moderate-to-severe psoriasis","first-page":"179","article-title":"Combination, rotational, and sequential therapy","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70323-8","article-title":"Calcipotriene ointment and halobetasol ointment in the long-term treatment of psoriasis: effects on the duration of improvement","volume":"39","author":"Lebwohl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib38","first-page":"315","article-title":"Topical corticosteroid therapy in psoriasis vulgaris: update and new strategies","volume":"64","author":"Trozak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90349-7","article-title":"A multicenter trial of calcipotriene ointment and halobetasol ointment compared with either agent alone for the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"35","author":"Lebwohl","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02461.x","article-title":"Calcipotriol cream with or without concurrent topical corticosteroid in psoriasis: tolerability and efficacy","volume":"139","author":"Kragballe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00878.x","article-title":"New topical treatments change the pattern of treatment of psoriasis: dermatologists remain the primary providers of this care","volume":"39","author":"Feldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70171-9","article-title":"Compatibility of calcipotriene with other topical medications","volume":"38","author":"Patel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Rosso JQ. The use of foam vehicle topical corticosteroid formulations in combination with other topical agents: a clinical perspective based on available studies and observational use. Poster presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, Washington, DC, Feb 6-11, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70216-0","article-title":"Tazarotene gel, a new retinoid, for topical therapy of psoriasis: vehicle-controlled study of safety, efficacy, and duration of therapeutic effect","volume":"37","author":"Weinstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104304","article-title":"In vitro compatibility of tazarotene with other topical treatments of psoriasis","volume":"42","author":"Hecker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70008-8","article-title":"Tazarotene 0.1% gel plus corticosteroid cream in the treatment of plaque psoriasis","volume":"39","author":"Lebwohl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 54","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.140S54018.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with tazarotene plus a topical corticosteroid for the treatment of plaque psoriasis","volume":"140","author":"Gollnick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1983.01650270025011","article-title":"Topical steroids and UV radiation in psoriasis","volume":"119","author":"Petrozzi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12506317","article-title":"The effect of topical fluocinonide ointment on phototherapy of psoriasis","volume":"78","author":"LeVine","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70224-1","article-title":"Addition of a topically applied corticosteroid to a modified Goeckerman regimen for treatment of psoriasis: effect on duration of remission","volume":"13","author":"Horwitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70085-2","article-title":"Are topical corticosteroids useful in phototherapy for psoriasis?","volume":"20","author":"Dover","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010090024017","article-title":"Combination therapy for psoriasis: psoralens plus long-wave ultraviolet radiation with betamethasone valerate","volume":"115","author":"Hanke","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07065.x","article-title":"Evaluation of PUVA, topical corticosteroids and the combination of both in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"99","author":"Schmoll","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould PW, Wilson L. Psoriasis treated with clobetasol propionate and photochemotherapy. Br J Dermatol 978;98:133-6.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01612.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib55","first-page":"161","article-title":"Clocortolone pivalate cream 0.1% used concomitantly with tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in atopic dermatitis","volume":"72","author":"Torok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng H, Tanojo H, Lenn J, Cuesico C. In vitro human skin study of combined application of pimecrolimus cream and betamethasone 17-valerate. Poster presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, Washington, DC, Feb 6-11, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.037"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenn J, Tanojo H, Huang X. Effects of co-application of betamethasone 17-valerate, from different formulations, with tacrolimus ointment on in vitro skin permeation. Poster presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, Washington, DC, Feb 6-11, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib58","unstructured":"Tanojo H, Lenn J, Sykes J, Kalashnikova L, Huang X. Effects of co-application on the in vitro skin penetration and drug distribution of betamethasone 17-valerate and tacrolimus. Poster presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, San Francisco, Calif, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120942","article-title":"Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus: from clever prokaryotes to inhibiting calcineurin and treating atopic dermatitis","volume":"46","author":"Nghiem","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962205013083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962205013083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T21:37:39Z","timestamp":1759268259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962205013083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962205013083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Corticosteroids: Options in the era of steroid-sparing therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}