{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:06:00Z","timestamp":1792069560577,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T12:07:33Z","timestamp":1177070853000},"page":"247-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic\u2013load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic\u2013load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: A randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Robyn N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Braue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henna","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Varigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.4.0404","article-title":"Role of hormones in pilosebaceous unit development","volume":"21","author":"Deplewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203080-00007","article-title":"Acne: the effect of hormones on pathogenesis and management","volume":"3","author":"Shaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01351.x","article-title":"Acne is not associated with abnormal plasma androgens","volume":"120","author":"Levell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01701-0","article-title":"Hyperandrogenemia in patients presenting with acne","volume":"75","author":"Slayden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1986.tb00458.x","article-title":"Elevated free testosterone concentration in men and women with acne vulgaris","volume":"11","author":"Lawrence","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00713.x","article-title":"Plasma androgenic activity in women with acne vulgaris and in healthy girls before, during and after puberty","volume":"16","author":"Odlind","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12539043","article-title":"Plasma androgens in women with acne vulgaris","volume":"81","author":"Lucky","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.3.333","article-title":"Correlation between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, dehydroepidandrosterone sulfate, and dihydrotestosterone and acne lesion counts in adult women","volume":"141","author":"Cappel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.9.6957","article-title":"Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have different effects on sebaceous cell growth and differentiation","volume":"140","author":"Deplewski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1995.tb03381.x","article-title":"Elevated serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in women with postadolescent acne","volume":"22","author":"Aizawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib11","first-page":"853","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Franks","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.9.1165","article-title":"Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Dunaif","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib13","first-page":"302","article-title":"Modulation by insulin of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone action in\u00a0human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries","volume":"81","author":"Willis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(96)00223-1","article-title":"Induction of steroidogenic enzyme genes by insulin and IGF-I in cultured adult human adrenocortical cells","volume":"62","author":"Kristiansen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.124R001","article-title":"Effect of insulin-like growth factor-type I (IGF-I) and insulin on the secretion of sex hormone binding globulin and IGF-I binding protein (IBP-I) by human hepatoma cells","volume":"124","author":"Singh","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55144-9","article-title":"Insulin inhibits transcription of the human gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1","volume":"266","author":"Powell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.10.2066","article-title":"Clinical, endocrine and metabolic effects of acarbose, an \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitor; in PCOS patients with increased insulin response and normal glucose tolerance","volume":"16","author":"Ciotta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.17.1.51.56","article-title":"Effect of metformin therapy on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Kazerooni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00501-X","article-title":"Metformin therapy decreases hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Kolodziejczyk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith C, Dunger D, AJK W, Taylor A, Perry L, Gale E, et\u00a0al. Relationship between insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations during childhood, puberty and adult life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;68:932-7.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-5-932"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80438-X","article-title":"Increased insulin secretion in puberty: a\u00a0compensatory response to reductions in insulin sensitivity","volume":"114","author":"Caprio","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01251.x","article-title":"Relationship between the pubertal fall in sex hormone binding globulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-I: a\u00a0synchronized approach to pubertal development?","volume":"31","author":"Holly","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000182782","article-title":"Body composition during adolescence: methods, limitations and determinants","volume":"39","author":"Rolland-Cachera","year":"1993","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.274S","article-title":"Glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"76","author":"Willett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.266S","article-title":"Glycemic index: overview of implications in\u00a0healthy and disease","volume":"76","author":"Jenkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2707","article-title":"Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study, 1985-2001","volume":"27","author":"Carnethon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.538","article-title":"Carbohydrate nutrition, insulin resistance and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham offspring cohort","volume":"27","author":"McKeown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.9.2728","article-title":"Physiological validation of the concept of glycemic load in lean young adults","volume":"133","author":"Brand-Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.12.1584","article-title":"Acne vulgaris\u2013a disease of Western civilization","volume":"138","author":"Cordain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04020.x","article-title":"The assessment of acne vulgaris\u2013the Leeds technique","volume":"111","author":"Burke","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112742","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor binding protein in human plasma","volume":"78","author":"Baxter","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-3-423","article-title":"Two immunoreactive binding proteins for insulin-like growth factors in human amniotic fluid: relationship to fetal maturity","volume":"65","author":"Baxter","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90129-8","article-title":"The effect of low-glycemic carbohydrate on insulin and glucose response in\u00a0vivo and in vitro in patients with coronary heat disease","volume":"45","author":"Frost","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199406000-00006","article-title":"Dietary fats, insulin resistance and diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Hannah","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02645.x","article-title":"Mild insulin resistance during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with acne","volume":"23","author":"Aizawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(90)90043-B","article-title":"Regulation of testicular function by insulin and transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"55","author":"Bebakar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib39","first-page":"34","article-title":"The effect of a daily facial cleanser for normal to oily skin on the skin barrier of subjects with acne","volume":"78","author":"Draelos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198304283081701","article-title":"Androgen excess in cystic acne","volume":"308","author":"Marynick","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib41","first-page":"70","article-title":"Elevated free testosterone levels in women with acne","volume":"81","author":"Schiavone","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03669.x","article-title":"The role of androgens in determining acne severity in adult women","volume":"143","author":"Cibula","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib43","first-page":"1467","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and insulin-like growth factor I regulation in adolescent obesity","volume":"83","author":"Attia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01297.x","article-title":"Diet-induced changes in sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone in women with normal or polycystic ovaries: correlation with serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I","volume":"31","author":"Kiddy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56632-1","article-title":"Endocrine consequences of weight loss in obese, hyperandrogenic, anovulatory women","volume":"61","author":"Guzick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.2.129","article-title":"Dietary fat reduction and plasma estradiol concentration in\u00a0healthy postmenopausal women: the women's health trial study group","volume":"82","author":"Prentice","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib47","first-page":"5386","article-title":"Effects of tamoxifen adjuvant therapy and a low-fat diet on serum binding proteins and estradiol bioavailability in postmenopausal breast cancer patients","volume":"52","author":"Rose","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4978.1268","article-title":"Observations on acne, seborrhoea, and obesity","volume":"1","author":"Bourne","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.4.865S","article-title":"Sugars, insulin sensitivity, and the postprandial state","volume":"78","author":"Daly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962207004148?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962207004148?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:06:19Z","timestamp":1759269979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962207004148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962207004148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic\u2013load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic\u2013load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: A randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}