{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1781386071823,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]],"date-time":"2011-04-19T10:03:57Z","timestamp":1303207437000},"page":"1219-1227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Onychomycosis: A\u00a0proposed revision of the clinical classification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Roderick J.","family":"Hay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.105.2.263","article-title":"Onychomycosis","volume":"105","author":"Zaias","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib2","series-title":"The nail","first-page":"39","article-title":"Onychia and paronychia of mycotic microbial and parasitic origin","author":"Baran","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750011714","article-title":"Endonyx onychomycosis: a new modality of nail invasion by dermatophytic fungi","volume":"79","author":"Tosti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.05.026","article-title":"Superficial white onychomycosis\u2013a syndrome with different fungal causes and paths of infection","volume":"57","author":"Baran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14959.x","article-title":"Uncommon clinical patterns of Fusarium nail infection: report of three cases","volume":"136","author":"Baran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01749.x","article-title":"Candida onychomycosis an evaluation of the role of Candida in nail disease","volume":"118","author":"Hay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib7","first-page":"73","article-title":"Candida onychomycosis in HIV infection","volume":"8","author":"Tosti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03674.x","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinicomycologic profile of onychomycosis from north India","volume":"47","author":"Sarma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00107.x","article-title":"Paronychia\u2013a manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.16.1674","article-title":"Paronychia of the great toes associated with protease inhibitors","volume":"56","author":"Kang-Birken","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122191","article-title":"Topical steroids versus systemic antifungals in the treatment of chronic paronychia: an open, randomized double-blind and double dummy study","volume":"47","author":"Tosti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639609089536","article-title":"Effectiveness of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in the treatment of long duration Candida onychomycosis with chronic paronychia","volume":"7","author":"Lestringant","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02115.x","article-title":"A case of melanonychia due to Candida albicans","volume":"31","author":"Parlak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00624.x","article-title":"Fungal melanonychia","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.2576s.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis caused by infection with Paecilomyces lilacinus","volume":"139","author":"Fletcher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70163-A","article-title":"The spectrum of nail disease in patients with immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"27","author":"Daniel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70066-8","article-title":"Dermatologic findings and manifestations of AIDS","volume":"16","author":"Kaplan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06838.x","article-title":"Could proximal white subungual onychomycosis be a complication of systemic spread? The lessons to be learned from maladie dermatophytique and other deep infections","volume":"153","author":"Baran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01015.x","article-title":"Superficial white onychomycosis revisited","volume":"18","author":"Baran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.123489","article-title":"Skin lesions associated with Fusarium infection","volume":"47","author":"Bodey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib21","first-page":"634","article-title":"La maladie dermatophytique: observations alg\u00e9riennes r\u00e9centes","volume":"77","author":"Liautaud","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03673.x","article-title":"A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: a multicenter study","volume":"136","author":"Gupta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555573416418","article-title":"Dermatophytes and keratin in patients with hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma","volume":"73","author":"Nielsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00170.x","article-title":"Fungal melanonychia: ungual phaeohyphomycosis due to Wangiella dermatitidis","volume":"17","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3314\/jjmm.40.231","article-title":"A case of melanonychia due to Exophiala dermatitidis","volume":"40","author":"Hata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib26","series-title":"Superficial fungal infections","first-page":"52","article-title":"Chronic dermatophyte infections","author":"Hay","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02050.x","article-title":"Subungual dermatophytoma complicating dermatophyte onychomycosis","volume":"138","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib28","first-page":"17","article-title":"Topography of dermatophyte infection in onychomycosis\u2013fluorescent and electron microscopic investigations","volume":"15","author":"Vennewald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mikologia Lekarska"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1982.tb04555.x","article-title":"Primary onycholysis of the big toe nails: a review of 113 cases","volume":"106","author":"Baran","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib30","series-title":"Onychomycosis\u2013the current approach to diagnosis and therapy","first-page":"37","article-title":"Clinical differential diagnosis","author":"Baran","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib31","first-page":"335","article-title":"M\u00e9lanonychies superficielles","volume":"17","author":"Badillet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Soc Fr Mycol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00602.x","article-title":"Hendersonula toruloidea infection of the nails of caucasians","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.6.696","article-title":"White superficial onychomycosis","volume":"140","author":"Piraccini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04452.x","article-title":"Endonyx onychomycosis due to Trichophyton soudanense in two Somali twins","volume":"145","author":"Fletcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.18221900.x","article-title":"Proximal subungual Candida onychomycosis: an unusual manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidosis","volume":"137","author":"Baran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02340.x","article-title":"Proximal subungual onychomycosis due to Aspergillus niger: report of 2 cases","volume":"139","author":"Tosti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib37","first-page":"397","article-title":"Chronic paronychia and onycholysis: a thirteen year experience","volume":"58","author":"Daniel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70242-8","article-title":"Role of foods in the pathogenesis of chronic paronychia","volume":"27","author":"Tosti","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08988.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment 0\u00b71% vs betamethasone 17-valerate 0\u00b71% in the treatment of chronic paronychia: an unblinded randomized study","volume":"160","author":"Rigopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04704.x","article-title":"Clinical features of superficial fungal infections caused by Hendersonula toruloidea and Scytalidium hyalinum","volume":"110","author":"Hay","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00184.x","article-title":"Unusual clinical features of fingernail infection by Fusarium oxysporum","volume":"40","author":"Gianni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70250-1","article-title":"Combined distal and lateral subungual and white superficial onychomycosis in the toe nails","volume":"41","author":"Gupta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.12.019","article-title":"Onychomycosis: diagnosis and definition of cure","volume":"56","author":"Scher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555768283","article-title":"Lateral edge involvement indicates poor prognosis for treating onychomycosis with the new systemic antifungals","volume":"73","author":"Baran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.01.001","article-title":"New molecular tools in the diagnosis of superficial fungal infections","volume":"28","author":"Hay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962210018244?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962210018244?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T06:57:17Z","timestamp":1712386637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962210018244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962210018244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.09.730","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}