{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:13:41Z","timestamp":1791296021878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]],"date-time":"2012-09-13T04:01:34Z","timestamp":1347508894000},"page":"495.e1-495.e17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Congenital melanocytic nevi: Where are we now?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Alikhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Ibrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000175532.27368.3f","article-title":"Nevogenesis\u2014new thoughts regarding a classical problem","volume":"27","author":"Krengel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(73)80101-7","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevi of the small and garment type. Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural studies","volume":"4","author":"Mark","year":"1973","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06959.x","article-title":"A prospective study of congenital melanocytic naevi: progress report and evaluation after 6 years","volume":"134","author":"Dawson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08901.x","article-title":"Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Registry for Congenital Melanocytic Naevi: prospective study 1988-2007. Part 2\u2014evaluation of treatments","volume":"160","author":"Kinsler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08849.x","article-title":"Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Registry for congenital melanocytic naevi: prospective study 1988-2007. Part 1\u2014epidemiology, phenotype and outcomes","volume":"160","author":"Kinsler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00840.x","article-title":"Pigmented lesions in newborn infants","volume":"95","author":"Walton","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968313","article-title":"Zur Aetiologie des Naevus pilosus pigmentosus congenitus extensus","volume":"41","author":"Bircher","year":"1897","journal-title":"Arch Derm Syph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1965.01600080008002","article-title":"Giant pigmented nevi, melanoma, and leptomeningeal melanocytosis: a clinical and histopathological study","volume":"91","author":"Reed","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.1.83","article-title":"Neonatal giant congenital nevi with proliferative nodules: a clinicopathologic study and literature review of neonatal melanoma","volume":"140","author":"Leech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90165-L","article-title":"Rapid perinatal growth mimicking malignant transformation in a giant congenital melanocytic nevus","volume":"22","author":"Angelucci","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib11","first-page":"817","article-title":"Malignant melanoma simulants arising in congenital melanocytic nevi do not show experimental evidence for a malignant phenotype","volume":"136","author":"Mancianti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70088-5","article-title":"Severely atypical medium-sized congenital nevus with widespread satellitosis and placental deposits in a neonate: the problem of congenital melanoma and its simulants","volume":"30","author":"Carroll","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00030-X","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevi. Evaluation and management","volume":"20","author":"Marghoob","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02385.x","article-title":"Dormant melanocytes in the dermis: do dermal melanocytes of acquired dermal melanocytosis exist from birth?","volume":"139","author":"Mizushima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(79)70009-0","article-title":"Congenital nevocytic nevi and malignant melanomas","volume":"1","author":"Kopf","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198608000-00004","article-title":"The incidence of malignant melanoma (0 to 15 years of age) arising in \u201clarge\u201d congenital nevocellular nevi","volume":"78","author":"Quaba","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21222.x","article-title":"Measuring congenital melanocytic nevi","volume":"21","author":"Ruiz-Maldonado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196507000-00006","article-title":"Incidence of malignancy in giant pigmented nevi","volume":"36","author":"Greeley","year":"1965","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90343-7","article-title":"The risk of melanoma in patients with congenital nevi: a cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib20","first-page":"63","article-title":"Naevus pigmentosus giganticus: Indikationer for operative behandling","volume":"125","author":"Pers","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ugeskriftfor Lager"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197404000-00007","article-title":"The risk of malignancy in large congenital nevi","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197605000-00008","article-title":"Defining the malignant potential of the giant pigmented nevus","volume":"57","author":"Dellon","year":"1976","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70223-0","article-title":"Incidence of congenital melanocytic nevi in newborn babies in Denmark","volume":"17","author":"Kroon","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1960.11712849","article-title":"The pigmented mole","volume":"27","author":"Pack","year":"1960","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000183179","article-title":"Prevalence study of nevi in children from Barcelona. Dermoscopy, constitutional and environmental factors","volume":"218","author":"Aguilera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00672.x","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of congenital pigmented lesions in newborn babies in Oxford","volume":"4","author":"Goss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01379.x","article-title":"Frequency and distribution pattern of melanocytic naevi in Estonian children and the influence of atopic dermatitis","volume":"20","author":"Kallas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90338-0","article-title":"\u201cSunburn\u201d freckles, caf\u00e9-au-lait macules, and other pigmented lesions of schoolchildren: the Vancouver Mole Study","volume":"32","author":"McLean","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000099587","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevus: an epidemiologic study in Italy","volume":"214","author":"Ingordo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91331-9","article-title":"The eastern Australian childhood nevus study: prevalence of atypical nevi, congenital nevus-like nevi, and other pigmented lesions","volume":"32","author":"Rivers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.02.024","article-title":"Large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi: occurrence of cutaneous melanoma in 1008 persons","volume":"52","author":"Bett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb15312.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of congenital pigmented naevi: II. Risk factors","volume":"104","author":"Castilla","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318095a784","article-title":"An 18-year experience in the management of congenital nevomelanocytic nevi","volume":"60","author":"Warner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib34","first-page":"545","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevi: a study of 23 cases at a health center","volume":"44","author":"Garcia Moran","year":"1996","journal-title":"An Esp Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.25184","article-title":"Melanocytic nevi in children: a clinical study","volume":"51","author":"Senthilkumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.736","article-title":"Large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk for development of malignant melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis","volume":"106","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000248009","article-title":"Frequency of congenital nevi, nevi spili and cafe-au-lait spots and their relation to nevus count and skin complexion in 939 children","volume":"180","author":"Sigg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640270078020","article-title":"Giant congenital neuroid melanocytic nevus","volume":"116","author":"Solomon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197201000-00015","article-title":"Von Recklinghausen's disease: a clinicopathological study","volume":"175","author":"Brasfield","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib40","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Wander","year":"1977","journal-title":"Neurofibromatosis. Curr Probl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib41","series-title":"A clinical, pathological and genetic study of multiple neurofibromatosis","author":"Crowe","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81958-4","article-title":"Giant pigmented nevi: clinical, histopathologic, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"120","author":"Ruiz-Maldonado","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198707000-00015","article-title":"Giant cerebriform intradermal nevus","volume":"19","author":"Hamm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03584.x","article-title":"Malignant melanoma derived from cerebriform intradermal naevus","volume":"34","author":"Hayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1974.01630100035009","article-title":"Cerebriform intradermal nevus. A cause of cutis verticis gyrata","volume":"110","author":"Orkin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01610050058008","article-title":"Malignant melanoma arising in a giant cerebriform nevus","volume":"96","author":"Gross","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib47","first-page":"53","article-title":"Congenital giant pigmented nevus presenting in one identical twin","volume":"48","author":"Morganroth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1982.01650150050023","article-title":"Giant pigmented nevus occurring in one identical twin","volume":"118","author":"Amir","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib49","first-page":"289","article-title":"Discordance for giant pigmented nevi in monozygotic twins","volume":"16","author":"Cantu","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.02.090","article-title":"Familial clustering of giant congenital melanocytic nevi","volume":"63","author":"de Wijn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1993.tb00611.x","article-title":"From the crest to the periphery: control of pigment cell migration and lineage segregation","volume":"6","author":"Erickson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8738","article-title":"Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit is required for the proliferation of melanoblasts in the mouse embryo","volume":"192","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.06.006","article-title":"Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation","volume":"296","author":"Jiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib54","first-page":"3095","article-title":"The migration of pigmentary cells studies by the method of heterospecific grafts of neural tube in bird embryo","volume":"270","author":"Teillet","year":"1970","journal-title":"C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.14.3349","article-title":"Neural crest progenitors of the melanocyte lineage: coat colour patterns revisited","volume":"129","author":"Wilkie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199812000-00004","article-title":"Human acquired naevi are clonal","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700490","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevi frequently harbor NRAS mutations but no BRAF mutations","volume":"127","author":"Bauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700366","article-title":"High frequency of BRAFV600E mutation in acquired nevi and small congenital nevi, but low frequency of mutation in medium-sized congenital nevi","volume":"126","author":"Ichii-Nakato","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg123","article-title":"Determinants of BRAF mutations in primary melanomas","volume":"95","author":"Maldonado","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660340133035","article-title":"Transepidermal elimination of nevus cells. A possible mechanism of nevus involution","volume":"123","author":"Kantor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.166","article-title":"Melanoma, nevogenesis, and stem cell biology","volume":"128","author":"Grichnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112403","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of the c-met proto-oncogene product in the congenital melanocytic nevus of an infant with neurocutaneous melanosis","volume":"44","author":"Takayama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1999.tb00503.x","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor\/scatter factor-MET signaling in neural crest-derived melanocyte development","volume":"12","author":"Kos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181c6afce","article-title":"Angiotropic neonatal congenital melanocytic nevus: how extravascular migration of melanocytes may explain the development of congenital nevi","volume":"32","author":"Barnhill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811521106","article-title":"Neuropilin 1 signaling guides neural crest cells to coordinate pathway choice with cell specification","volume":"106","author":"Schwarz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5866","article-title":"Scatter factor\/hepatocyte growth factor as a regulator of skeletal muscle and neural crest development","volume":"93","author":"Takayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.2.701","article-title":"Diverse tumorigenesis associated with aberrant development in mice overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor\/scatter factor","volume":"94","author":"Takayama","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib68","first-page":"5157","article-title":"c-Met autocrine activation induces development of malignant melanoma and acquisition of the metastatic phenotype","volume":"58","author":"Otsuka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb16953.x","article-title":"The Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI): initial validation and practical use","volume":"132","author":"Lewis-Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(87)90046-4","article-title":"Congenital \u201cgiant\u201d naevus: a preliminary report of a new surgical approach","volume":"40","author":"Moss","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00712.x","article-title":"Psychosocial sequelae in 29 children with giant congenital melanocytic naevi","volume":"25","author":"Koot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00086.x","article-title":"Congenital nevocytic nevi: follow-up of a Swedish birth register sample regarding etiologic factors, discomfort, and removal rate","volume":"19","author":"Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550310016526","article-title":"Polarized light-surface microscopy for description and classification of small and medium-sized congenital melanocytic naevi","volume":"83","author":"Seidenari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00223-7","article-title":"Surface microscopy features of congenital nevi","volume":"20","author":"Seidenari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91816-7","article-title":"Histologic features of congenital melanocytic nevi in infants 1 year of age or younger","volume":"33","author":"Barnhill","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03197.x","article-title":"Lack of clinical-pathological correlation in the diagnosis of congenital naevi","volume":"141","author":"Cribier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660100046013","article-title":"A histologic comparison of congenital and acquired nevomelanocytic nevi","volume":"121","author":"Rhodes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib78","first-page":"775","article-title":"Quantitative studies of congenital and acquired nevus cell nevi","volume":"43","author":"Brandenburg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70231-5","article-title":"The histology of \u201ccongenital features\u201d in early acquired melanocytic nevi","volume":"19","author":"Clemmensen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib80","first-page":"81","article-title":"Histology of congenital nevi during the first year of life. A study by conventional and electron microscopy","volume":"6","author":"Kuehnl-Petzoldt","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(77)90131-X","article-title":"Permanent removal of pigmentation from giant hairy naevi by dermabrasion in early life","volume":"30","author":"Johnson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660230055010","article-title":"Immunohistologic patterns of congenital nevocellular nevi","volume":"122","author":"Nickoloff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)70181-2","article-title":"Histologic patterns of congenital nevocytic nevi and implications for treatment","volume":"11","author":"Zitelli","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64393-3","article-title":"Genetic changes in neoplasms arising in congenital melanocytic nevi: differences between nodular proliferations and melanomas","volume":"161","author":"Bastian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80217-4","article-title":"A study of large congenital melanocytic nevi and associated malignant melanomas: review of cases in the New York University Registry and the world literature","volume":"36","author":"DeDavid","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890260072011","article-title":"Large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk for the development of malignant melanoma. A prospective study","volume":"132","author":"Marghoob","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib87","series-title":"Dysplastic nevi and malignant melanoma","author":"Clark","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.15.4358","article-title":"Loss of AP-2 results in downregulation of c-KIT and enhancement of melanoma tumorigenicity and metastasis","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000126785.61609.6e","article-title":"Proliferative nodules in congenital melanocytic nevi: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"28","author":"Herron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.05.011","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of a benign proliferative nodule developing in a congenital melanocytic nevus in a 3-month-old infant","volume":"59","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1988.tb01161.x","article-title":"Melanomas arising in large congenital nevocytic nevi: a prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Gari","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib92","first-page":"347","article-title":"Nevus giganticus pigmentosus with malignant transformation","volume":"49","author":"Pack","year":"1961","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.085","article-title":"Simultaneous occurrence of infantile hemangioma and congenital melanocytic nevus: coincidence or real association?","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198103000-00004","article-title":"Neoplasms arising in congenital giant nevi: morphologic study of seven cases and a review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Hendrickson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819209023284","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma in a congenital pigmented nevus","volume":"12","author":"Schmitt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(87)80513-4","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma arising in a congenital giant nevus associated with neurocutaneous melanosis in a neonate","volume":"22","author":"Zuniga","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib97","first-page":"39","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma arising in a giant congenital melanocytic nevus","volume":"73","author":"Ilyas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200202000-00005","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus","volume":"24","author":"Hoang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80638-0","article-title":"Small congenital nevocellular nevi and the risk of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"100","author":"Rhodes","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02233.x","article-title":"Small congenital nevi associated with melanoma: case reports and considerations","volume":"27","author":"Betti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83168-3","article-title":"Melanoma, melanocytic nevi, and other melanoma risk factors in children","volume":"124","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib102","first-page":"184","article-title":"The risk of malignant melanoma arising in congenital melanocytic nevi. An argument against the assignment of risk based on size alone","volume":"6","author":"Rhodes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.020","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic nevi: clinical and histopathologic features, risk of melanoma, and clinical management","volume":"52","author":"Tannous","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70319-6","article-title":"Risk of melanoma in medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevi: a follow-up study","volume":"39","author":"Sahin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199702000-00010","article-title":"Childhood melanoma: a clinicopathological study of 22 cases","volume":"7","author":"Scalzo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200310000-00002","article-title":"Congenital melanocytic naevi and cutaneous melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Berg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000189205.85968.12","article-title":"Risk of malignant transformation of congenital melanocytic nevi: a retrospective nationwide study from The Netherlands","volume":"116","author":"Zaal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib108","series-title":"SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2008","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70425-1","article-title":"Risk of melanoma in medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevi","volume":"41","author":"Otley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib110","first-page":"163","article-title":"The incidence of malignant transformation in giant pigmented nevi","volume":"11","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70264-6","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma risk and phenotypic changes in large congenital nevi: a follow-up study of 46 patients","volume":"39","author":"Egan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.063","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of Southeast Asian patients with large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk of melanoma development","volume":"54","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06316.x","article-title":"Association of melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis with large congenital melanocytic naevi\u2014results from the NYU-LCMN registry","volume":"152","author":"Hale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200502000-00010","article-title":"The association between large congenital melanocytic naevi and cutaneous melanoma: preliminary findings from an Internet-based registry of 379 patients","volume":"15","author":"Ka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9554.1000105","article-title":"Proliferative nodules in congenital nevi\u2014a histopathologic, genetic and immunohistochemical reappraisal","volume":"1","author":"Brahmbhatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1994.tb00587.x","article-title":"Risk of malignant transformation of congenital melanocytic nevi in blacks","volume":"11","author":"Shpall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660170026004","article-title":"Congenital nevi: the controversy rages on","volume":"122","author":"Sybert","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660060048018","article-title":"Congenital nevi. The controversy rages on","volume":"121","author":"Alper","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000122209.10277.2A","article-title":"Risk of melanoma arising in large congenital melanocytic nevi: a systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Watt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07218.x","article-title":"Melanoma risk in congenital melanocytic naevi: a systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Krengel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660100054014","article-title":"Congenital nevi less than or equal to 10 cm as precursors to melanoma. 52 cases, a review, and a new conception","volume":"121","author":"Illig","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198106000-00012","article-title":"Nonepidermal origin of malignant melanoma associated with a giant congenital nevocellular nevus","volume":"67","author":"Rhodes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.2.191","article-title":"Metastatic malignant melanoma in prepubertal children","volume":"55","author":"Trozak","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.1.99","article-title":"Primary dermal melanoma: a distinct subtype of melanoma","volume":"140","author":"Swetter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2010.04.007","article-title":"Large congenital melanocytic nevi: associated risks and management considerations","volume":"29","author":"Slutsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb04951.x","article-title":"Malignant melanoma occurring in those aged under 30 in the west of Scotland 1979-1986: a study of incidence, clinical features, pathological features and survival","volume":"124","author":"Mackie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1983.tb01093.x","article-title":"The incidence and significance of birthmarks in a cohort of 4,641 newborns","volume":"1","author":"Alper","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08775.x","article-title":"Complications of congenital melanocytic naevi in children: analysis of 16 years' experience and clinical practice","volume":"159","author":"Kinsler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1986.tb00505.x","article-title":"Statistical survey of skin changes in Japanese neonates","volume":"3","author":"Hidano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330150042020","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in black American and white American populations. A comparative review","volume":"248","author":"Reintgen","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00954.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of congenital pigmented naevi: I. Incidence rates and relative frequencies","volume":"104","author":"Castilla","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib132","first-page":"309","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in childhood","volume":"59","author":"Fish","year":"1966","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib133","first-page":"222","article-title":"Fatal malignant melanoma in a Negro child","volume":"21","author":"Derrick","year":"1958","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(55)90476-1","article-title":"Prepubertal malignant melanomas; report of two cases","volume":"89","author":"Dobson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00806.x","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: an atypical presentation","volume":"32","author":"Khera","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib136","first-page":"52","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: a case of primary intracranial melanoma with metastasis","volume":"13","author":"Arunkumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.4.0782","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with extensive intracerebral and spinal cord involvement. Report of two cases","volume":"61","author":"Faillace","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.207.508","article-title":"Neuro-cutaneous melanosis","volume":"39","author":"Fox","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90674-X","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: clinical features of large congenital melanocytic nevi in patients with manifest central nervous system melanosis","volume":"35","author":"DeDavid","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000085167","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis and congenital melanocytic nevus in the head","volume":"41","author":"Miranda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib141","first-page":"859","article-title":"MR of neurocutaneous melanosis","volume":"15","author":"Barkovich","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1970.tb02362.x","article-title":"A case of neuro-cutaneous melanosis","volume":"12","author":"Ikeda","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200104010-00005","article-title":"Giant congenital melanocytic nevi: the significance of neurocutaneous melanosis in neurologically asymptomatic children","volume":"107","author":"Foster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02708.x","article-title":"Multiple nodular lesions seen in a patient with neurocutaneous melanosis","volume":"23","author":"Sasaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib145","first-page":"29","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with hydrocephalus: report of one case","volume":"13","author":"Hsueh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20070101-10","article-title":"Nevi in children: a practical approach to evaluation","volume":"36","author":"Prok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050742","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with hydrocephalus, intraspinal arachnoid collections and syringomyelia: case report and literature review","volume":"30","author":"Peters","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib148","first-page":"819","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with intracranial malignant melanoma in an adult: a case report","volume":"25","author":"Kimura","year":"1997","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib149","first-page":"287","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanomatosis with a rapidly deteriorating course","volume":"24","author":"Chu","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.07.046","article-title":"Asymptomatic neurocutaneous melanocytosis in patients with large congenital melanocytic nevi: a study of cases from an Internet-based registry","volume":"53","author":"Agero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199309000-00004","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis associated with inferior vermian hypoplasia: MR findings","volume":"17","author":"Ko","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib152","first-page":"108","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with epilepsy: report of one case","volume":"42","author":"Wen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Taiwan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib153","first-page":"598","article-title":"Brain melanoma presented in a young child with neurocutaneous melanocytosis","volume":"13","author":"Christianakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990901)86:5<878::AID-CNCR26>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Leptomeningeal melanoma in childhood","volume":"86","author":"Makin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00607285","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with the Dandy-Walker malformation: a possible rare pathoetiologic association","volume":"38","author":"Chaloupka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00073.x","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with the Dandy-Walker complex, complicated by melanoma: report of a case and literature review","volume":"19","author":"Mena-Cedillos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2006.7.2.145","article-title":"Parenchymal neurocutaneous melanosis in association with intraventricular dermoid and Dandy-Walker variant: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1992.tb00323.x","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with the Dandy-Walker complex","volume":"9","author":"Kadonaga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib159","first-page":"500","article-title":"Progressive brainstem compression in an infant with neurocutaneous melanosis and Dandy-Walker complex following ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus. Case report","volume":"107","author":"McClelland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-0976-6","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis and the Dandy-Walker complex: an uncommon but not so insignificant association","volume":"25","author":"Marnet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2008.00186.x","article-title":"Large congenital melanocytic nevi presenting with lissencephaly with an absent corpus callosum","volume":"48","author":"Takano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Congenit Anom (Kyoto)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00560.x","article-title":"Treatment options for giant congenital naevi","volume":"25","author":"Lawrence","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70115-I","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: definition and review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Kadonaga","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70204-7","article-title":"Giant congenital melanocytic nevi: brain magnetic resonance findings in neurologically asymptomatic children","volume":"31","author":"Frieden","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808319069","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: report of three cases and up-to-date review","volume":"23","author":"Pavlidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2010.06.007","article-title":"The risk of melanoma and neurocutaneous melanosis associated with congenital melanocytic nevi","volume":"29","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1956.tb04718.x","article-title":"Primary perivascular cerebral, cerebellar and leptomeningeal melanoma; congenital aphasia and familial predisposition to naevi verrucosi","volume":"31","author":"Fischer","year":"1956","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.11.022","article-title":"Large congenital melanocytic nevi and neurocutaneous melanocytosis: one pediatric center's experience","volume":"61","author":"Lovett","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470000348","article-title":"Age-related changes of the MR appearance of CNS involvement in neurocutaneous melanosis complex","volume":"30","author":"Gondo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1402-7","article-title":"Ultrasonographic detection of intracranial melanocytosis in an infant","volume":"40","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.4388","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: a fatal disease in early childhood","volume":"27","author":"Livingstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.11.PEDS10275","article-title":"Variability among pediatric neurosurgeons in the threshold for ventricular shunting in asymptomatic children with hydrocephalus","volume":"7","author":"Dias","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000245713","article-title":"Giant congenital melanocytic nevi, neurocutaneous melanosis and neurological alterations","volume":"195","author":"Ruiz-Maldonado","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib174","first-page":"870","article-title":"The tethered spinal cord. Etiology and clinical manifestations","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael065","article-title":"Perioperative cardiac arrest: a study of 53,718 anaesthetics over 9 yr from a Brazilian teaching hospital","volume":"96","author":"Braz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200007000-00007","article-title":"Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children: initial findings of the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry","volume":"93","author":"Morray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1102155","article-title":"Defining safe use of anesthesia in children","volume":"364","author":"Rappaport","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2003.20412.x","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis with transposition of the great arteries and renal agenesis","volume":"20","author":"Koksal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib179","first-page":"96","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis presenting with hydrocephalus. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"102","author":"Acosta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000180656.35263.d4","article-title":"Neurocutaneous melanosis: clinical presentations","volume":"16","author":"Plikaitis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2011.50.5.475","article-title":"Dandy-Walker malformation associated with neurocutaneous melanosis","volume":"50","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2005.00617.x","article-title":"Pineal germinoma associated with multiple congenital melanocytic nevi: a unique presentation","volume":"25","author":"Aker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"5 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.07.033","article-title":"Schwannoma coexisting with giant congenital melanocytic nevus: is it coincidence?","volume":"56","author":"Bae","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(93)90273-J","article-title":"Malignant schwannoma with melanocytic and neuroepithelial differentiation in an infant with congenital giant melanocytic nevus: a complex neurocristopathy","volume":"24","author":"Roth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.55394","article-title":"Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (bathing trunk nevus) associated with lipoma and neurofibroma: report of two cases","volume":"75","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1993.tb01303.x","article-title":"Congenital giant pigmented nevus associated with angiolipoma","volume":"20","author":"Won","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib187","first-page":"316","article-title":"Giant congenital nevomelanocytic nevus with satellite lesions, vitiligo and lipoma: a rare association","volume":"66","author":"Gulati","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1998.tb01340.x","article-title":"Lower and upper extremity atrophy associated with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus","volume":"15","author":"Itin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1995.tb00176.x","article-title":"Upper extremity atrophy associated with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus","volume":"12","author":"Skidmore","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01398.x","article-title":"The development of two different malignancies in a patient with large congenital melanocytic nevus","volume":"28","author":"Ambros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000200015","article-title":"Association of giant congenital melanocytic nevus, halo nevus and vitiligo in a 75-year-old patient","volume":"87","author":"Silveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.00108.x","article-title":"Periocular vitiligo with onset around a congenital divided nevus of the eyelid","volume":"22","author":"Guerra-Tapia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000247431","article-title":"Leukoderma in association with giant congenital nevi: report of two cases","volume":"185","author":"Albert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N7p636","article-title":"Primary lymphoedema at an unusual location triggered by nephrotic syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Tabel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00966.x","article-title":"Smooth muscle hamartoma associated with a congenital pattern melanocytic nevus, a case report and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Zarineh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1993.tb03850.x","article-title":"Association of Shokeir syndrome (congenital universal alopecia, epilepsy, mental subnormality and pyorrhea) and giant pigmented nevus","volume":"44","author":"Timar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962212006871?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962212006871?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:24:09Z","timestamp":1759271049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962212006871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":196,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962212006871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Congenital melanocytic nevi: Where are we now?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.06.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}