{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:25:52Z","timestamp":1786991152353,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T01:01:33Z","timestamp":1389229293000},"page":"691-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Increased risk of diabetes mellitus in relation to the severity of psoriasis, concomitant medication, and comorbidity: A nationwide population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Meng-Sui","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruey-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Shu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00192.x","article-title":"The prevalence of psoriasis in the world","volume":"15","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0642","article-title":"Epidemiological study of psoriasis in the national health insurance database in Taiwan","volume":"89","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700410","article-title":"The risk of lymphoma in patients with psoriasis","volume":"126","author":"Gelfand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib4","first-page":"778","article-title":"The risk of malignancy associated with psoriasis","volume":"137","author":"Margolis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835bcce1","article-title":"The association between psoriasis and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"31","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.14.1735","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis","volume":"296","author":"Gelfand","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.112","article-title":"The risk of stroke in patients with psoriasis","volume":"129","author":"Gelfand","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01307.x","article-title":"Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Alsufyani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000111512","article-title":"Association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study","volume":"216","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.370","article-title":"Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in psoriasis: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2006","volume":"147","author":"Love","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-006-0703-z","article-title":"Increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis","volume":"298","author":"Sommer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.12.1493","article-title":"The risk of mortality in patients with psoriasis: results from a population-based study","volume":"143","author":"Gelfand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.94","article-title":"Association of psoriasis with coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases and mortality","volume":"145","author":"Prodanovich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08190.x","article-title":"Psoriasis patients show signs of insulin resistance","volume":"157","author":"Boehncke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04358.x","article-title":"Is psoriasis a pre-atherosclerotic disease? Increased insulin resistance and impaired endothelial function in patients with psoriasis","volume":"49","author":"Karadag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01499.x","article-title":"Comparison of various insulin sensitivity indices in psoriatic patients and their relationship with type of psoriasis","volume":"20","author":"Ucak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4882","article-title":"A randomized trial of methotrexate in newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"96","author":"Buckingham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)12316-4","article-title":"Diabetogenic effect of cyclosporin A is mediated by interference with mitochondrial function of pancreatic B-cells","volume":"60","author":"Dufer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1444","article-title":"The effect of antihypertensive drugs and drug combinations on the incidence of new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Burke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421301","article-title":"Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"342","author":"Gress","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60697-7","article-title":"Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs","volume":"369","author":"Lam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1401","article-title":"Increased risk of diabetes mellitus and likelihood of receiving diabetes mellitus treatment in patients with psoriasis","volume":"148","author":"Azfar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08814.x","article-title":"Psoriasis and the risk of incident diabetes mellitus: a population-based study","volume":"159","author":"Brauchli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08707.x","article-title":"Incidence of risk factors for myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in patients with psoriasis","volume":"159","author":"Kaye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.319","article-title":"Psoriasis and risk of type 2 diabetes among women and men in the United States: a population-based cohort study","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.48","article-title":"Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes and hypertension: a prospective study of US female nurses","volume":"145","author":"Qureshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04450.x","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities associated with initiation of systemic treatment for psoriasis: evidence from the Italian Psocare registry","volume":"27","author":"Gisondi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.125476","article-title":"Risk of diabetes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis","volume":"69","author":"Solomon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib29","unstructured":"Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Data Subsets: The Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Available from: URL:http:\/\/w3.nhri.org.tw\/nhird\/en\/Data_Subsets.html#S3. Accessed December 31, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05310.x","article-title":"The risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer, lymphoma and melanoma in patients with psoriasis in Taiwan: a 10-year, population-based cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib31","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Center for Drug Statistics Methodology. Defined daily dose: definition and general considerations. Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/ddd\/definition_and_general_considera\/. Accessed December 31, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9451-7","article-title":"Analysis of individual drug use as a time-varying determinant of exposure in prospective population-based cohort studies","volume":"25","author":"Stricker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.7.1773","article-title":"Metabolic and inflammation variable clusters and prediction of type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Hanley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1076","article-title":"Clustering of insulin resistance with vascular dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Natali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.4.1619","article-title":"The influence of methotrexate and thymidine on the human natural killer cell function in\u00a0vitro","volume":"131","author":"Matheson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08213-2","article-title":"Methotrexate and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04599.x","article-title":"Psoriasis as initiator or amplifier of the systemic inflammatory march: impact on development of severe vascular events and implications for treatment strategy","volume":"27","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.03.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and comorbidities of psoriasis patients in a national database in Taiwan","volume":"63","author":"Tsai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283031c99","article-title":"Psoriasis and metabolic disease: epidemiology and pathophysiology","volume":"20","author":"Azfar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2007.053595","article-title":"Psoriasis is associated with pleiotropic susceptibility loci identified in type II diabetes and Crohn disease","volume":"45","author":"Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962213012784?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962213012784?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:30:38Z","timestamp":1759271438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962213012784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962213012784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increased risk of diabetes mellitus in relation to the severity of psoriasis, concomitant medication, and comorbidity: A nationwide population-based cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}