{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:22:11Z","timestamp":1775283731251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T01:21:51Z","timestamp":1468977711000},"page":"265-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dermatologic surgery emergencies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Kira","family":"Minkis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Whittington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murad","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.016","article-title":"Anaphylaxis in America: the prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis in the United States","volume":"133","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834a41a1","article-title":"An update on epidemiology of anaphylaxis in children and adults","volume":"11","author":"Koplin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib3","first-page":"44","article-title":"Causes and risk factors for anaphylaxis","volume":"11","author":"Worm","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.029","article-title":"Case fatality and population mortality associated with anaphylaxis in the United States","volume":"133","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1758","article-title":"Immediate- and delayed-type allergic reactions to amide local anesthetics: clinical features and skin testing","volume":"18","author":"Fuzier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000315952","article-title":"Anaphylactic reactions to local anesthetics","volume":"95","author":"Ring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.022","article-title":"The diagnosis\u00a0and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update","volume":"126","author":"Lieberman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610280068012","article-title":"Anaphylactic shock elicited by topical administration of bacitracin","volume":"100","author":"Roupe","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650430095017","article-title":"Anaphylaxis following the use of bacitracin ointment. Report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"120","author":"Schechter","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1989.01670130052005","article-title":"Anaphylactic symptoms due to chlorhexidine gluconate","volume":"125","author":"Okano","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib11","first-page":"83","article-title":"Bacitracin anaphylaxis","volume":"3","author":"Phillips","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geriatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:24:2:137","article-title":"Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to aspirin and other NSAIDs","volume":"24","author":"Berkes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinic Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvsextra.2007.02.005","article-title":"Anaphylaxis following foam sclerotherapy: a life threatening complication of non invasive treatment for varicose veins","volume":"13","author":"Scurr","year":"2007","journal-title":"EJVES Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319706291170","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reaction after the use of sodium tetradecyl sulfate: a case report","volume":"58","author":"Brzoza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106203242506","article-title":"Anaphylaxis","volume":"324","author":"Bochner","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31019-7","article-title":"Prevention and management of office allergy emergencies","volume":"25","author":"Gordon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e318211496c","article-title":"World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis","volume":"4","author":"Simons","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.01.018","article-title":"Customizing anaphylaxis guidelines for emergency medicine","volume":"45","author":"Nowak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib19","first-page":"e6","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142013 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"127","author":"Go","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib20","series-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","article-title":"Chapter 39. Specific arrhythmias: Diagnosis","author":"Olgin","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib21","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","article-title":"Chapter 152. Sarcoidosis","author":"Marchell","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1987.tb00576.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of topical 50% trichloroacetic acid and Baker's phenol solution","volume":"13","author":"Stagnone","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1980.tb00287.x","article-title":"Phenol chemosurgery for removal of deep facial wrinkles","volume":"19","author":"Gross","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib24","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","article-title":"Chapter 234. Immunobiologicals, cytokines, and growth factors in dermatology","author":"Richardson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib25","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","article-title":"Chapter 150. The skin and disorders of the alimentary tract, the hepatobiliary system, the kidney, and the cardiopulmonary system","author":"Johnston","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib26","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","article-title":"Chapter 140. Tuberous sclerosis complex","author":"Darling","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1990.tb00006.x","article-title":"EKG changes in relationship to the chemical peel","volume":"16","author":"Price","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04142.x","article-title":"Dermatologic electrosurgery in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and pacemakers","volume":"24","author":"LeVasseur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198404000-00012","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias during phenol face peeling","volume":"73","author":"Gross","year":"1984","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-59.2.90","article-title":"Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations","volume":"59","author":"Becker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04038.x","article-title":"Local anaesthesia and the dermatologist","volume":"36","author":"Walsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200211000-00005","article-title":"Current concepts in resuscitation of patients with local anesthetic cardiac toxicity","volume":"27","author":"Weinberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib33","series-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: Clinical features, mechanisms, and management","author":"Morady","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S729","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970988","article-title":"Part 8: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"122","author":"Neumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib35","series-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","article-title":"Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death","author":"Myerburg","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib36","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators in dermatologic surgery","volume":"32","author":"Matzke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib37","first-page":"385","article-title":"Electrosurgery, pacemakers and ICDs: a survey of precautions and complications experienced by cutaneous surgeons","volume":"27","author":"El-Gamal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02526.x","article-title":"Investigation of hyfrecators and their in\u00a0vitro interference with implantable cardiac devices","volume":"38","author":"Weyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib39","first-page":"274","article-title":"Educational videos on surgical fires","volume":"29","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib40","series-title":"Surgical fire prevention","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009908200365","article-title":"Danger from OR fires still a serious problem. ASA Panel reports risks","volume":"16","author":"Wolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2009.11.004","article-title":"Operating room fires in otolaryngology: risk factors and prevention","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib43","first-page":"314","article-title":"A clinician's guide to surgical fires: How they occur, how to prevent them, howe to put them out","volume":"38","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90457-0","article-title":"Remote fire with the pulsed dye laser: risk and prevention","volume":"34","author":"Waldorf","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000183641.09008.f2","article-title":"Fires in the operating room and intensive care unit: awareness is the key to prevention","volume":"102","author":"Prasad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.04.026","article-title":"Flammability of topical preparations and surgical dressings in cutaneous and laser surgery: a controlled simulation study","volume":"67","author":"Arefiev","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318236399e","article-title":"An assessment of the occupational hazards related to medical lasers","volume":"53","author":"Pierce","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib48","first-page":"314","article-title":"New clinical guide to surgical fire prevention: patients can catch fireehere's how to keep them safer","volume":"38","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib49","unstructured":"Emergency Care Research Institute website. Only you can prevent surgical fires. Available at: http:\/\/www.mdsr.ecri.org\/summary\/detail.aspx?doc_id=8250&q=fires. Accessed May 12, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200405000-00019","article-title":"Laser ignition of surgical drape materials in air, 50% oxygen and 95% oxygen","volume":"100","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-9493-2-10","article-title":"Alcohol based surgical prep solution and the risk of fire in the operating room: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Batra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.11.005","article-title":"What does it take to start an oropharyngeal fire?","volume":"75","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otohinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.66530","article-title":"Surgical field fire and skin burns caused by alcohol-based skin preparation","volume":"3","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib54","first-page":"3","article-title":"Patient safety in dermatology: a review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199710000-00034","article-title":"CO2 laser safety considerations in facial skin resurfacing","volume":"100","author":"Rohrich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib56","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine","article-title":"Fundamentals of cutaneous photobiology and photoimmunology","author":"Kochevar","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib57","series-title":"Safety of laser products \u2013 part 1: equipment classification, requirements and users guide","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib58","unstructured":"McGill University website. Laser safety. Available at: https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/ehs\/laboratory\/laser-safety\/laser-safety-manual\/appendices. Accessed June 1, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib59","first-page":"762","article-title":"Diode-laser-induced cataract and iris atrophy as a complication of eyelid hair removal","volume":"137","author":"Brilakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.436","article-title":"Ocular complications of laser-assisted eyebrow epilation","volume":"23","author":"Shulman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1988","article-title":"Ocular injury after laser hair reduction treatment to the eyebrow","volume":"130","author":"Parver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200507000-00020","article-title":"Traumatic macular hole secondarty to a Q-switch Alexandrite laser","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib63","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Vitreous floaters following use of dermatologic lasers","volume":"28","author":"Alam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2009.23.3.207","article-title":"A case of accidental macular injury by Nd: YAG laser and subsequent 6 year follow-up","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00112-0","article-title":"Laser eye injuries","volume":"44","author":"Barkana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Serv Opthamolol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000328256","article-title":"Laser safety","volume":"42","author":"Dudelzak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.03.032","article-title":"Bilateral cataract and corectopia after laser eyebrow [corrected] epilation","volume":"112","author":"Herbold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.8.1210","article-title":"Assessment of alleged retinal laser injuries","volume":"122","author":"Mainster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib69","series-title":"Complications in Dermatologic Surgery","article-title":"Complications of laser surgery","author":"Isenhath","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib70","series-title":"Dermatology","first-page":"p 2251","article-title":"Lasers and other energy technologies - principles & skin interaction","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib71","first-page":"855","article-title":"Use of eye shields and eye lubricants among oculoplastic and Mohs surgeons: a survey","volume":"8","author":"Ogle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.046","article-title":"Safety of peak serum lidocaine concentration after Mohs micrographic surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Alam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib73","first-page":"387","article-title":"Systemic toxicity of local anesthetic agents","volume":"57","author":"Covino","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197910000-00001","article-title":"Cardiac arrest following regional anesthesia with\u00a0etidocaine or bupivacaine","volume":"51","author":"Albright","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-78-4-499","article-title":"Lidocaine pharmacokinetics in advanced heart failure, liver disease, and renal failure in humans","volume":"78","author":"Thomson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-5-592","article-title":"Increased toxicity and reduced clearance of lidocaine by cimetidine","volume":"96","author":"Feely","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02271.x","article-title":"Topical anesthetics for dermatologic procedures: a review","volume":"38","author":"Sobanko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib78","series-title":"Complications in Dermatologic Surgery","article-title":"Complications of anesthesia (local, topical, general)","author":"Lubarsky","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200107000-00017","article-title":"A comprehensive review of epinephrine in the finger: to do or not to do","volume":"108","author":"Denkler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00863-8","article-title":"Severe visual loss caused by ocular perforation during chalazion removal","volume":"137","author":"Shiramizu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31822d5d6d","article-title":"Vision loss after inadvertent corneal perforation during lid anesthesia","volume":"27","author":"Parikh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2006.20.3.199","article-title":"Inadvertent ocular perforation during lid anesthesia for hordeolum removal","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.98289.x","article-title":"Chemical injury to the eye from EMLA cream during erbium laser resurfacing","volume":"25","author":"Eaglstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.7.855","article-title":"EMLA cream-induced eye injury","volume":"135","author":"McKinlay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000098877","article-title":"Cardiovascular collapse developing after topical anesthesia","volume":"214","author":"Elsaie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib86","first-page":"218","article-title":"Anaesthetic ointments: fatal overdose in adults","volume":"19","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prescrire Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.8.1024","article-title":"Systemic toxicity from topically applied lidocaine in conjunction with fractional photothermolysis","volume":"142","author":"Marra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2006.00319.x","article-title":"Methemoglobinemia and CNS toxicity after topical application of EMLA to a 4-year-old girl with molluscum contagiosum","volume":"23","author":"Raso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.111898","article-title":"Lidocaine and prilocaine toxicity in a patient receiving treatment for mollusca contagiosa","volume":"44","author":"Touma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2003.03.003","article-title":"EMLA-induced methemoglobinemia and systemic topical anesthetic toxicity","volume":"26","author":"Hahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib91","series-title":"Anesthesia","author":"Hruza","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib92","series-title":"Surgery of the skin: procedural dermatology","first-page":"43","article-title":"Anesthesia and analgesia","author":"Soriano","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2780","article-title":"Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update","volume":"118","author":"Cot\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-9-6-33","article-title":"The efficacy of distraction and counterstimulation in the reduction of pain reaction to intraoral injection by pediatric patients","volume":"9","author":"Aminabadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib95","series-title":"Clinical Pharmacology","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198505000-00007","article-title":"Successful cardiovascular resuscitation after massive intravenous bupivacaine overdosage in anesthetized dogs","volume":"64","author":"Kasten","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30965-2","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the facial nerve","volume":"22","author":"Gosain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib98","series-title":"Surgical anatomy of the head and neck","author":"Greco","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100083869","article-title":"The deformity produced by a palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve","volume":"91","author":"Moffat","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197912000-00005","article-title":"Avoiding facial nerve injuries in rhytidectomy. Anatomical variations and pitfalls","volume":"64","author":"Baker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00716.x","article-title":"Unilateral transient forehead paralysis following injury to the temporal branch of the facial nerve","volume":"38","author":"Flynn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80533-5","article-title":"An anatomical study on the distribution of the temporal branch of the facial nerve","volume":"18","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib103","first-page":"5","article-title":"Spinal accessory nerve injury","author":"Wiater","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1985.tb02981.x","article-title":"Management of temporal nerve injuries","volume":"11","author":"Grabski","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(96)90369-1","article-title":"Current principles in microsurgical nerve repair","volume":"34","author":"Hausamen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200409000-00005","article-title":"Surgical management of trapezius palsy","volume":"86-A","author":"Teboul","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000143711.48389.C5","article-title":"Incidence of postblepharoplasty orbital hemorrhage and associated visual loss","volume":"20","author":"Hass","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-967753","article-title":"Management of cosmetic eyelid surgery complications","volume":"21","author":"Klapper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197405000-00026","article-title":"Successful early relief of blindness occurring after blepharoplasty. Case report","volume":"53","author":"Hueston","year":"1974","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930021081019","article-title":"Bilateral visual loss after blepharoplasty","volume":"99","author":"Anderson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.11.089","article-title":"Review of management options for a retrobulbar hemorrhage","volume":"65","author":"Winterton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3217","article-title":"Management of retrobulbar hematoma","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182418cc9","article-title":"Surgical management of posttraumatic intraorbital hematoma","volume":"23","author":"Brucoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ce17e8","article-title":"Blepharoplasty complications","volume":"125","author":"Lelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.06.021","article-title":"When is a retrobulbar haemorrhage not a retrobulbar haemorrhage?","volume":"39","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.05.007","article-title":"Traumatic and iatrogenic retrobulbar hemorrhage: an 8-patient series","volume":"70","author":"Colletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2310\/10.2310\/8000.2011.110279","article-title":"The \u201cguitar pick\u201d sign: a novel sign of retrobulbar hemorrhage","volume":"13","author":"Theoret","year":"2011","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.98299.x","article-title":"The complications of blepharoplasty: their identification and management","volume":"25","author":"Fulton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962216300020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962216300020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:39:37Z","timestamp":1759271977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962216300020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962216300020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dermatologic surgery emergencies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.11.054","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(16)30405-4","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}