{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:48:47Z","timestamp":1792889327387,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,28]],"date-time":"2016-02-28T12:58:39Z","timestamp":1456664319000},"page":"981-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Translational medicine in the field of ablative fractional laser (AFXL)-assisted drug delivery: A critical review from basics to current clinical status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Merete","family":"Haedersdal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s M.","family":"Erlendsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Paasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Rox","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-024924-4.50005-5","article-title":"Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier","volume":"24","author":"Elias","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.v26.i2.50","article-title":"Innovative drug delivery strategies for topical photodynamic therapy using porphyrin precursors","volume":"26","author":"Morrow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib3","series-title":"Drug delivery devices: fundamentals and applications","first-page":"385","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery systems","author":"Govil","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib4","first-page":"401","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioequivalence dermatological formulations","volume":"Vol. 119","author":"Surber","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201052772915","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery: penetration enhancement techniques","volume":"2","author":"Benson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06051.x","article-title":"Enhancement of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid delivery by erbium:YAG laser\u00a0and microdermabrasion: a comparison with iontophoresis and electroporation","volume":"151","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0227-2","article-title":"Microneedle pre-treatment of human skin improves 5-aminolevulininc acid (ALA)- and 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester (MAL)-induced PpIX production for topical photodynamic therapy without increase in pain or erythema","volume":"27","author":"Mikolajewska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2012.00640.x","article-title":"Enhanced sonophoretic delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid: preliminary human ex\u00a0vivo permeation data","volume":"19","author":"Krishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20655","article-title":"Topical\u00a0delivery of methotrexate via skin pretreated with physical enhancement techniques: low-fluence erbium:YAG laser and electroporation","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00674-8","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of methotrexate: iontophoretic delivery from hydrogels and passive delivery from microemulsions","volume":"215","author":"Alvarez-Figueroa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0097-7","article-title":"Two-layered dissolving microneedles for percutaneous delivery of peptide\/protein drugs in rats","volume":"28","author":"Fukushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics6020220","article-title":"Human growth\u00a0hormone delivery with a microneedle transdermal system: preclinical formulation, stability, delivery and PK of therapeutically relevant doses","volume":"6","author":"Ameri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5225","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7638603","article-title":"Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery","volume":"269","author":"Mitragotri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12465112","article-title":"Controlled removal of human stratum corneum by pulsed laser","volume":"88","author":"Jacques","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20048","article-title":"Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury","volume":"34","author":"Manstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20405","article-title":"Ex\u00a0vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device","volume":"39","author":"Hantash","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20860","article-title":"Fractional CO(2) laser-assisted drug delivery","volume":"42","author":"Haedersdal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20468","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo histological evaluation of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device","volume":"39","author":"Hantash","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22228","article-title":"Fractional ablative\u00a0erbium YAG laser: histological characterization of relationships between laser settings and micropore dimensions","volume":"46","author":"Taudorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21096","article-title":"Enhanced uptake and photoactivation of topical methyl aminolevulinate after fractional CO2 laser pretreatment","volume":"43","author":"Haedersdal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22102","article-title":"Fractional laser-assisted delivery of methyl aminolevulinate: impact of laser channel depth and incubation time","volume":"44","author":"Haak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22259","article-title":"Pretreatment with ablative fractional laser changes kinetics and biodistribution of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)","volume":"46","author":"Haedersdal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01093.x","article-title":"Penetration enhancement of two topical 5-aminolevulinic acid formulations for photodynamic therapy by erbium:YAG laser ablation of the stratum corneum: continuous versus fractional ablation","volume":"19","author":"Forster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.03.015","article-title":"Laser-assisted topical drug delivery by using a low-fluence fractional laser: imiquimod and macromolecules","volume":"153","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.03.006","article-title":"Using laser microporation to improve transdermal delivery of diclofenac: increasing bioavailability and the range of therapeutic applications","volume":"78","author":"Bachhav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2015.1031216","article-title":"Topically applied\u00a0methotrexate is rapidly delivered into skin by fractional laser ablation","volume":"12","author":"Taudorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.07.032","article-title":"Using controlled laser-microporation to increase transdermal delivery of prednisone","volume":"148","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Control release"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1159\/000371386","article-title":"Fractional CO2 laser treatment to enhance skin permeation of tranexamic acid with minimal skin disruption","volume":"230","author":"Hsiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1257-2","article-title":"Risk assessment of excess drug and sunscreen absorption via skin with ablative fractional laser resurfacing: optimization of the applied dose for postoperative care","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02454.x","article-title":"Fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment to enhance skin permeation of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside with minimal skin disruption","volume":"38","author":"Hsiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.05.025","article-title":"Effect of controlled laser microporation on drug transport kinetics into and across the skin","volume":"146","author":"Bachhav","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21130","article-title":"Can fractional lasers enhance transdermal absorption of topical lidocaine in an in\u00a0vivo animal model?","volume":"44","author":"Oni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1561-3","article-title":"Ablative fractional laser alters biodistribution of ingenol mebutate in the skin","volume":"307","author":"Erlendsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.03.017","article-title":"Fractional laser as a tool to enhance the skin permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid with minimal skin disruption: a comparison with conventional erbium:YAG laser","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Control release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.01.002","article-title":"Facilitation of transcutaneous drug delivery and vaccine immunization by a safe laser technology","volume":"159","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib36","unstructured":"Haak C, Christiansen K, Erlendsson A, Taudorf E, Thaysen-Petersen D, Haedersdal M. Ablative fractional laser and methyl aminolevulinate: importance of laser densities, drug concentration and incubation time. LASER 2014 ASLMS Conference. Phoenix; 2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.13005\/ojc\/300253","article-title":"Prediction of drug lipophilicity using back propagation artificial neural network modeling","volume":"30","author":"Saaidpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orient J Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-005-3539-9","article-title":"1-Octanol\/water partition coefficients of 5 pharmaceuticals from human medical care: carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and propyphenazone","volume":"165","author":"Scheytt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60274a001","article-title":"Partition\u00a0coefficients and their uses","volume":"71","author":"Leo","year":"1971","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taudorf E, Lerche C, Erlendsson A, et al. Fractional laser-assisted drug delivery: Laser channel depth influences biodistribution and skin deposition of methotrexate. Lasers Surg Med. doi: 10.1002\/lsm.22484. Published online February 5, 2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22484"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22386","article-title":"Spatiotemporal closure of fractional laser-ablated channels imaged by optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy","volume":"48","author":"Banzhaf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12953","article-title":"Efficacy of ablative fractional laser-assisted photodynamic therapy with short-incubation time for the treatment of facial and scalp actinic keratosis: 12-month follow-up results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial","volume":"29","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13542","article-title":"Efficacy of ablative fractional laser-assisted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of actinic cheilitis: 12-month follow-up results of a prospective, randomized, comparative trial","volume":"173","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12627","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing\u00a0methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy with and without Er:YAG ablative fractional laser treatment in Asian patients with lower extremity Bowen disease: results from a 12-month follow-up","volume":"170","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12334","article-title":"Fractional erbium: YAG laser-assisted photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses: a randomized, comparative, prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13166","article-title":"Fractional laser-mediated photodynamic therapy of high-risk basal cell carcinomas \u2013 a randomized clinical trial","volume":"172","author":"Haak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10893.x","article-title":"Intensified photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with fractional CO2 laser: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"166","author":"Togsverd-Bo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12507","article-title":"Intensified fractional CO2 laser-assisted photodynamic therapy vs. laser alone for organ transplant recipients with multiple actinic keratoses and wart-like lesions: a randomized half-side comparative trial on dorsal hands","volume":"169","author":"Helsing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13222","article-title":"Combination of ablative fractional laser and daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis in organ transplant recipients - a randomized controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Togsverd-Bo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2013.25.4.417","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser in treatment of actinic keratosis","volume":"25","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12242","article-title":"Fractional carbon dioxide laser improves nodular basal cell carcinoma treatment with photodynamic therapy with methyl 5-aminolevulinate","volume":"39","author":"Lippert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.11.033","article-title":"Treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in situ on the trunk and extremities with ablative fractional laser-assisted delivery of topical fluorouracil","volume":"72","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DSS.0000452642.83894.ab","article-title":"Prospective randomized controlled study to determine the effect of topical application of botulinum toxin A for crow\u2019s feet after treatment with ablative fractional CO2 laser","volume":"41","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12392","article-title":"Autologous platelet rich plasma: topical versus intradermal after fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser treatment of atrophic acne scars","volume":"40","author":"Gawdat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib55","first-page":"624","article-title":"Treatment of atrophic scars with\u00a0fractionated CO2 laser facilitating delivery of topically\u00a0applied poly-L-lactic acid","volume":"40","author":"Rkein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22120","article-title":"Treatment of hypertrophic scars using laser and laser assisted corticosteroid delivery","volume":"45","author":"Waibel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.893","article-title":"Toenail onychomycosis treated with a fractional carbon-dioxide laser and topical\u00a0antifungal cream","volume":"70","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13496248","article-title":"Topical lidocaine-enhanced by laser pretreatment: a safe and effective method of analgesia for facial rejuvenation","volume":"33","author":"Oni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22374","article-title":"Fractional laser-assisted drug delivery: active filling of laser channels with pressure and vacuum alteration","volume":"48","author":"Erlendsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1983.tb02187.x","article-title":"Kinetics of cutaneous drug penetration","volume":"22","author":"Franz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(03)00073-2","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy: results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of bleomycin by electroporation","volume":"29","author":"Gothelf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0455","article-title":"Depth-targeted efficient gene delivery and expression in the skin by pulsed electric fields: an approach to gene therapy of skin aging and other diseases","volume":"220","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2011.03.008","article-title":"Electroporation delivery of DNA vaccines: prospects for success","volume":"23","author":"Sardesai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-008-3510-6","article-title":"Microprocessor in controlled transdermal drug delivery of anti-cancer drugs","volume":"20","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1159\/000069943","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin C iontophoresis in melasma","volume":"206","author":"Huh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.11.152","article-title":"Evaluation of acyclovir cream and gel formulations for transdermal iontophoretic delivery","volume":"3","author":"Siddoju","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Deliv"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013370529366","article-title":"Optimizing iontophoretic drug delivery: identification and distribution of the charge-carrying species","volume":"18","author":"Marro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2008.11.002","article-title":"Effect of the iontophoresis of\u00a0a chitosan gel on doxorubicin skin penetration and cytotoxicity","volume":"134","author":"Taveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.037","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A by pulsed current iontophoresis","volume":"57","author":"Pacini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10142","article-title":"The effect of laser treatment on skin to enhance and control transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.031","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery with a pressure wave","volume":"56","author":"Doukas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24143","article-title":"Erbium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser irradiation ameliorates skin permeation and follicular delivery of antialopecia drugs","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib73","first-page":"1288","volume":"139","author":"Baron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laser-assisted penetration of topical anesthetic in adults"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.09.008","article-title":"The impact of treatment density and molecular weight for fractional laser-assisted drug delivery","volume":"163","author":"Haak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib75","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Microdermabrasion as a novel tool to enhance drug delivery via the skin: an animal study","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12537.x","article-title":"Lasers and microdermabrasion enhance and control topical delivery of vitamin C","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0435-4","article-title":"Transdermal insulin delivery using microdermabrasion","volume":"28","author":"Andrews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.6.5.809","article-title":"Transcutaneous immunization with heat-labile enterotoxin: development of a needle-free vaccine patch","volume":"6","author":"Glenn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/10611860903115274","article-title":"Effect of applying modes\u00a0of\u00a0the polymer microneedle-roller on the permeation\u00a0of L-ascorbic acid in rats","volume":"18","author":"You","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drug Target"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2012.04405.x","article-title":"Automicroneedle therapy system combined with topical tretinoin shows better regenerative effects compared with each individual treatment","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2006.05.011","article-title":"Feasibility of microneedles for percutaneous absorption of insulin","volume":"29","author":"Ito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2011.559287","article-title":"A novel microparticulate vaccine for melanoma cancer using transdermal delivery","volume":"28","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microencapsul"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2340\/000155555573200202","article-title":"Effect of pressure on in\u00a0vitro percutaneous absorption of caffeine","volume":"73","author":"Treffel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-2498-6","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels","volume":"22","author":"Levin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199306000-00011","article-title":"Use of ultrasound to enhance the local anesthetic effect of topically applied aqueous lidocaine","volume":"78","author":"Tachibana","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.11.012","article-title":"Diclofenac phonophoresis in human volunteers","volume":"31","author":"Rosim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/47.7.594","article-title":"Patients treated with ultrasonic driven hydrocortisone and with ultrasound alone","volume":"47","author":"Griffin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.10.014","article-title":"Transcutaneous immunization assisted by low-frequency ultrasound","volume":"368","author":"Dahlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2013.25.3.335","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser for treating Bowen disease","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962215025281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962215025281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:39:55Z","timestamp":1759271995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962215025281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962215025281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Translational medicine in the field of ablative fractional laser (AFXL)-assisted drug delivery: A critical review from basics to current clinical status","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}