{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:54:12Z","timestamp":1792533252762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T00:49:29Z","timestamp":1510361369000},"page":"1009-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":443,"title":["Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Ayman A.","family":"Grada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib1","series-title":"Cardiovascular Physiology","author":"Mohrman","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib2","series-title":"Review of Medical Physiology","author":"Ganong","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2545","article-title":"The lymphatic vasculature in disease","volume":"17","author":"Alitalo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-222695","article-title":"Th2 differentiation is\u00a0necessary for soft tissue fibrosis and lymphatic dysfunction resulting from lymphedema","volume":"27","author":"Avraham","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1413.014","article-title":"Estimating the population burden of lymphedema","volume":"1131","author":"Rockson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib6","series-title":"Textbook of Lymphology for Physicians and Lymphedema Therapists","author":"F\u00f6ldi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib7","first-page":"206","article-title":"Primary lymphedema in children and adolescents: a follow-up study and review","volume":"76","author":"Smeltzer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib8","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib9","series-title":"Lymphedema: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.135","article-title":"Massive localized lymphedema: a clinicopathologic study of 46 patients with an enrichment for multiplicity","volume":"29","author":"Kurt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1895","article-title":"The cutaneous, net clinical, and health economic benefits of advanced pneumatic compression devices in patients with lymphedema","volume":"151","author":"Karaca-Mandic","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1201684","article-title":"Lower-extremity lymphedema and elevated body-mass index","volume":"366","author":"Greene","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.02.003","article-title":"Basic lymphoedema management: treatment and prevention of problems associated with lymphatic filariasis","volume":"5","author":"Gillespie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib14","first-page":"16","article-title":"Upper extremity lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer: a review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Meneses","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000297635.33874.a5","article-title":"Learning from\u00a0a\u00a0lymphedema clinic: an algorithm for the management of localized swelling","volume":"121","author":"Garfein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25458","article-title":"Lymphedema beyond breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer-related secondary lymphedema","volume":"116","author":"Cormier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318213a218","article-title":"Primary lymphedema: clinical features and management in 138 pediatric patients","volume":"127","author":"Schook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib18","series-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of secondary lymphedema","author":"Oremus","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.3517","article-title":"Incidence, treatment costs, and complications of lymphedema after breast cancer among women of working age: a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"27","author":"Shih","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114597","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114597","article-title":"Lymphedema prevalence and treatment benefits in cancer: impact of a therapeutic intervention on health outcomes and costs","volume":"9","author":"Brayton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71614","article-title":"Genetics of lymphatic anomalies","volume":"124","author":"Brouillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib22","first-page":"91","article-title":"Lymphoedema: pathophysiology and classification","volume":"26","author":"Stewart","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2010.00030.x","article-title":"Lymphatic dysfunction, not aplasia, underlies Milroy disease","volume":"17","author":"Mellor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.04.013","article-title":"Lower extremity lymphedema update: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines","volume":"59","author":"Kerchner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib25","series-title":"Atlas of Clinical Dermatology","author":"Du Vivier","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70078-8","article-title":"Abnormal lymph drainage in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers","volume":"28","author":"Bull","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.07.078","article-title":"4th JB, Negl\u00e9n P. Diagnosis and treatment of venous lymphedema","volume":"55","author":"Raju","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib28","series-title":"Lymphedema: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment","first-page":"19","article-title":"Genetic causes of lymphedema","author":"Schl\u00f6gel","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib29","unstructured":"World Health Organization website. Lymphatic filariasis. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs102\/en\/. Accessed April 28, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.9.1125","article-title":"Acquired lymphedema of the hand due to herpes simplex virus type 2","volume":"135","author":"Butler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00727-0","article-title":"Lymphedema","volume":"110","author":"Rockson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.2.90","article-title":"Lymphogranuloma venereum","volume":"78","author":"Mabey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib33","series-title":"Lymphedema: Diagnosis and Treatment","first-page":"12","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of lymphedema","author":"Simonian","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C589","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00535.2009","article-title":"Radiation therapy causes loss of dermal lymphatic vessels and interferes with lymphatic function by TGF-\u03b21-mediated tissue fibrosis","volume":"299","author":"Avraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25458","article-title":"Lymphedema beyond breast cancer","volume":"116","author":"Cormier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22684","article-title":"Lymphedema after gynecological cancer treatment","volume":"109","author":"Beesley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1202011","article-title":"Tropical lymphedemas\u2013control and prevention","volume":"366","author":"Molyneux","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.08.013","article-title":"Podoconiosis: non-infectious geochemical elephantiasis","volume":"101","author":"Davey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559202200306","article-title":"Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis) in two resettlement schemes in western Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"Kloos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"5 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.04.009","article-title":"Massive localized lymphedema: an emerging dermatologic complication of obesity","volume":"59","author":"Asch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000268","article-title":"Lymphedema and obesity: is there a link?","volume":"134","author":"Mehrara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H165","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00244.2014","article-title":"Obesity increases inflammation and impairs lymphatic function in a mouse model of lymphedema","volume":"307","author":"Savetsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199810000-00013","article-title":"Massive localized lymphedema in\u00a0the\u00a0morbidly obese: a histologically distinct reactive lesion\u00a0simulating liposarcoma","volume":"22","author":"Farshid","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31828bb332","article-title":"Massive localized lymphedema revisited: a quickly rising complication of the obesity epidemic","volume":"74","author":"Chopra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib45","first-page":"30","article-title":"Massive localized lymphedema, a disease unique to the morbidly obese: a case study","volume":"60","author":"Fife","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.2.152","article-title":"Differential diagnosis, investigation, and current treatment of lower limb lymphedema","volume":"138","author":"Tiwari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979504600103","article-title":"Raised leg exercises for leg edema in the elderly","volume":"46","author":"Ciocon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"3 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib48","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evaluation of lymphatic function: abnormal lymph drainage in venous disease","volume":"14","author":"Mortimer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.09.023","article-title":"Lipedema, a frequently unrecognized problem","volume":"57","author":"Fonder","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199411000-00014","article-title":"Lipedema: a clinical entity distinct from lymphedema","volume":"94","author":"Rudkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-741.x","article-title":"Lymphatic and venous function in lipoedema","volume":"134","author":"Harwood","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib52","first-page":"102","article-title":"Drug-induced edema","volume":"63","author":"Kaizu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1327","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.5.C1327","article-title":"Ca2+-activated Cl\u2212 current in sheep lymphatic smooth muscle","volume":"279","author":"Toland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92990-B","article-title":"Pretibial myxoedema: a manifestation of lymphoedema?","volume":"341","author":"Bull","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197908303010902","article-title":"Mechanisms of edema formation in myxedema\u2014increased protein extravasation and relatively slow lymphatic drainage","volume":"301","author":"Parving","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08503.x","article-title":"Erysipelas as a sign of subclinical primary lymphoedema: a prospective quantitative scintigraphic study of 40 patients with unilateral erysipelas of the leg","volume":"158","author":"Damstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08423.x","article-title":"Lymphatic abnormalities demonstrated by lymphoscintigraphy after lower limb cellulitis","volume":"158","author":"Soo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.04.028","article-title":"Stewart\u2013Treves syndrome: pathogenesis and management","volume":"67","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197208)30:2<562::AID-CNCR2820300237>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Lymphangiosarcoma arising in chronic lymphedematous extremities","volume":"30","author":"Woodward","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib60","first-page":"172","article-title":"Squamous carcinoma of the foot arising in association with longstanding verrucous hyperplasia in a patient with congenital lymphedema","volume":"76","author":"Bingham","year":"1985","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00724.x","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma arising on a chronic lymphedematous leg","volume":"36","author":"Ueno","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03526.x","article-title":"Cutaneous secondary follicular centre cell lymphoma in association with lymphoedema praecox","volume":"129","author":"Hills","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200006000-00009","article-title":"Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma of the leg in a chronic lymphedematous extremity","volume":"22","author":"Torres-Paoli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02412.x","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skin associated with chronic limb lymphoedema","volume":"113","author":"Tatnall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930300106","article-title":"Malignant melanoma appearing in a post-mastectomy lymphedematous arm: a novel association of double primary tumors","volume":"30","author":"Bartal","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib66","first-page":"253","article-title":"Malignant melanomas in lymphoedematous arm following radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma (an extension of the syndrome of Stewart and Treves)","volume":"65","author":"Sarkany","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.04.008","article-title":"Lymphedema-related angiogenic tumors and other malignancies","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004063421407","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"342","author":"Antman","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120909","article-title":"Lymphedema: an immunologically vulnerable site for development of neoplasms","volume":"47","author":"Ruocco","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"12 Suppl American","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12B+<2817::AID-CNCR32>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Psychosocial aspects of upper extremity lymphedema in women treated for breast carcinoma","volume":"83","author":"Passik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3201","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of lymphedema: a systematic review of literature from 2004 to 2011","volume":"22","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022_bib72","first-page":"1","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lymphology"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019096221730381X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019096221730381X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:42:55Z","timestamp":1759272175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S019096221730381X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S019096221730381X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lymphedema","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(17)32551-3","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}