{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:03:51Z","timestamp":1777561431230,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AR064014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AR064014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AR069760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AR069760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T20:13:15Z","timestamp":1514059995000},"page":"710-716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A real-world, community-based cohort study comparing the effectiveness of topical fluorouracil versus topical imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Romain","family":"Neugebauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Levandoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Sokil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary-Margaret","family":"Chren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam M.","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib1","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Review of actinic keratosis. Part I: etiology, epidemiology and clinical presentation","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1 Pt\u00a02","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.103342","article-title":"Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamous\u00a0cell carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Salasche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib3","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Frequency and cost of actinic keratosis treatment","volume":"32","author":"Warino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.05.048","article-title":"The burden of skin diseases: 2004 a joint project of the American Academy of Dermatology Association and the Society for Investigative Dermatology","volume":"55","author":"Bickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib5","first-page":"CD004415","article-title":"Interventions for actinic keratoses","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib6","article-title":"Current perspective on actinic keratosis: a review","author":"Siegel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12350.x","article-title":"The increased risk of skin cancer\u00a0is persistent after discontinuation of psoralen+ultraviolet A: a cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Nijsten","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs529","article-title":"HIV infection status, immunodeficiency, and the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer","volume":"105","author":"Silverberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.642","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukaemias and skin cancers","volume":"74","author":"Levi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.125579","article-title":"Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"47","author":"Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-10-199911160-00004","article-title":"Malignant neoplasms in long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation. Late\u00a0Effects Working Party of the European Cooperative Group\u00a0for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the European Late Effect Project Group","volume":"131","author":"Kolb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0502","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of\u00a0topical fluorouracil cream, 5%, for treating actinic keratosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"151","author":"Pomerantz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.33","article-title":"Photosensitizing agents and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: a population-based case-control study","volume":"133","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029496","article-title":"Estimating causal effects from epidemiological data","volume":"60","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08271.x","article-title":"A randomised study of topical 5% imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil vs. cryosurgery in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratoses: a comparison of clinical and histological outcomes including 1-year follow-up","volume":"157","author":"Krawtchenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","article-title":"Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models","volume":"168","author":"Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00011","article-title":"Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology","volume":"11","author":"Robins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib18","first-page":"144","article-title":"Comparison of 5% 5-fluorouracil cream and 5% imiquimod cream in the management of actinic keratoses on the face and scalp","volume":"6","author":"Tanghetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.12.1542-a","article-title":"Low incidence of new actinic keratoses after topical 5% imiquimod cream treatment: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"140","author":"Stockfleth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12343","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of the outcome \u201cparticipant complete clearance\u201d in nonimmunosuppressed participants of eight interventions for actinic keratosis: a\u00a0follow-up on a Cochrane review","volume":"169","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962217328827?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962217328827?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:46:04Z","timestamp":1759272364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962217328827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962217328827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A real-world, community-based cohort study comparing the effectiveness of topical fluorouracil versus topical imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}