{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:10:23Z","timestamp":1788966623739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T03:00:21Z","timestamp":1533870021000},"page":"883-898.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Angioinvasive fungal infections impacting the skin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Brown-Joel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget E.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Rosenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolyn A.","family":"Wanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1086\/322606","article-title":"Trends in mortality due to invasive mycotic diseases in the United States, 1980-1997","volume":"33","author":"McNeil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i15","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq438","article-title":"Detection and investigation of invasive mould disease","volume":"66","author":"Cuenca-Estrella","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00014-07","article-title":"Fusarium infections in immunocompromised patients","volume":"20","author":"Nucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.3.639-641.1990","article-title":"Impact of the BACTEC NR system in detecting Candida fungemia","volume":"28","author":"Munoz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.236","article-title":"Zygomycetes in human disease","volume":"13","author":"Ribes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550030074038","article-title":"Epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in 8 academic medical centers","volume":"278","author":"Sands","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00053-10","article-title":"Histopathologic diagnosis of fungal\u00a0infections in the 21st century","volume":"24","author":"Guarner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.011","article-title":"Mucormycoses","volume":"30","author":"Farmakiotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0375-HFOZ","article-title":"Histologic features of zygomycosis: emphasis on perineural invasion and fungal morphology","volume":"125","author":"Frater","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib10","series-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Skin","author":"Elston","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04382.x","article-title":"Sporotrichoid phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria infectoria","volume":"145","author":"Gerdsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2 pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90408-5","article-title":"Cutaneous infection caused by Curvularia pallescens: a case report and review of the spectrum of disease","volume":"32","author":"Berg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2009.02.011","article-title":"Approach to the diagnosis of the endemic mycoses","volume":"30","author":"Wheat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12249","article-title":"Development of new strategies for early diagnosis of mucormycosis from bench to bedside","volume":"57","author":"Walsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","volume":"46","author":"De Pauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200209000-00001","article-title":"Pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum). Infection in solid organ transplant recipients in a tertiary medical center and review of the literature","volume":"81","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib17","series-title":"Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification","author":"Larone","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem","volume":"20","author":"Pfaller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200212000-00003","article-title":"Recent trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03414.x","article-title":"Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on fungal blood cultures: an autopsy-based study involving 720 patients with haematological malignancy","volume":"117","author":"Kami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ933","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.s1.147.159","article-title":"Non-culture based diagnostic tests for mycotic infections","volume":"38","author":"Reiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","article-title":"Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management","volume":"18","author":"Spellberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1086\/595846","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infection in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: analysis of Multicenter Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH) Alliance registry","volume":"48","author":"Neofytos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1086\/651263","article-title":"Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001-2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database","volume":"50","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1086\/313918","article-title":"Significance of aspergillemia in patients with cancer: a 10-year study","volume":"31","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/109.1.45","article-title":"Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology","volume":"109","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1216008","article-title":"Mold infections of the central nervous system","volume":"371","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit929","article-title":"The reversed halo sign: pathognomonic pattern of pulmonary mucormycosis in leukemic patients with neutropenia?","volume":"58","author":"Legouge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1086\/313803","article-title":"Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a tertiary-care cancer center","volume":"30","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.235025162","article-title":"Systemic candidiasis","volume":"23","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib32","first-page":"535","article-title":"Chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clinical features and outcome of 29 episodes","volume":"87","author":"Pagano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib33","first-page":"1597","article-title":"Disseminated aspergillosis involving the brain: distribution and imaging characteristics","volume":"20","author":"DeLone","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.4.g01jl03825","article-title":"Spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis: histologic, clinical, and radiologic findings","volume":"21","author":"Franquet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.157.3.4059547","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and acute leukemia. Limitations in the diagnostic utility of the air crescent sign","volume":"157","author":"Gefter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3278","article-title":"Imaging of pulmonary fusariosis in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"190","author":"Marom","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3562","article-title":"Rare case of disseminated fusariosis in a young patient with graft vs. host disease following an allogeneic transplant","volume":"12","author":"Tanase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01388.x","article-title":"Scedosporium apiospermum infection after near-drowning","volume":"50","author":"Katragkou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.70878","article-title":"An elusive diagnosis: Scedosporium apiospermum infection after near-drowning","volume":"13","author":"Gopinath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.186","article-title":"Clinical implications of serum galactomannan measurement in patients with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis","volume":"54","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1086\/514349","article-title":"Optimization of the cutoff value for the Aspergillus double-sandwich enzyme immunoassay","volume":"44","author":"Maertens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00506-08","article-title":"Utility of galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and (1,3) beta-D-glucan in diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: low sensitivity for Aspergillus fumigatus infection in hematologic malignancy patients","volume":"47","author":"Hachem","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2508","article-title":"Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis: a randomized trial","volume":"162","author":"Marr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05946-11","article-title":"Cross-reactivity of Fusarium spp. in the Aspergillus Galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"50","author":"Tortorano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282eeb413","article-title":"Aspergillus galactomannan antigenemia in penicilliosis marneffei","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00479-06","article-title":"Histoplasmosis-associated cross-reactivity in the BioRad Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay","volume":"14","author":"Wheat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4744","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4744-4748.2004","article-title":"Detection of galactomannan antigenemia in patients receiving piperacillin-tazobactam and correlations between in\u00a0vitro, in\u00a0vivo, and clinical properties of the drug-antigen interaction","volume":"42","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00285-14","article-title":"Reduction in false-positive Aspergillus serum galactomannan enzyme immunoassay results associated with use of piperacillin-tazobactam in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Vergidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm463","article-title":"False-positive Aspergillus Galactomannan antigenaemia after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"61","author":"Asano-Mori","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1210430","article-title":"False positive galactomannan test after ice-pop ingestion","volume":"369","author":"Guigue","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1086\/432470","article-title":"Multicenter clinical evaluation of the (1,3) beta-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humans","volume":"41","author":"Ostrosky-Zeichner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S233","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802308454","article-title":"Role of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"47","author":"Marty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1086\/588563","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of 1,3-beta-D-glucan assay reactivity","volume":"46","author":"Mennink-Kersten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00019606-200303000-00003","article-title":"In situ hybridization for the differentiation of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Pseudallescheria species in tissue section","volume":"12","author":"Hayden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01241-08","article-title":"Identification of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata within 1.5 hours directly from positive blood culture bottles with a shortened peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol","volume":"47","author":"Gherna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir868","article-title":"Early clinical and laboratory diagnosis of invasive pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and disseminated mucormycosis (zygomycosis)","volume":"54","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.006","article-title":"Early diagnosis and monitoring of mucormycosis by detection of circulating DNA in serum: retrospective analysis of 44 cases collected through the French Surveillance Network of Invasive Fungal Infections (RESSIF)","volume":"22","author":"Millon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12285","article-title":"Combined real-time PCR and galactomannan surveillance improves diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high risk patients with haematological malignancies","volume":"161","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ555","article-title":"Galactomannan and polymerase chain reaction-based screening for invasive Aspergillosis among high-risk hematology patients: a diagnostic meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Arvanitis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05910-11","article-title":"Species-specific antifungal susceptibility patterns of Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria species","volume":"56","author":"Lackner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5334-5336.2004","article-title":"Utility of molecular identification in opportunistic mycotic infections: a case of cutaneous Alternaria infectoria infection in a cardiac transplant recipient","volume":"42","author":"Lo Cascio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu959","article-title":"T2 magnetic resonance assay for the rapid diagnosis of candidemia in whole blood: a clinical trial","volume":"60","author":"Mylonakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05742-11","article-title":"Direct MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assay of blood culture broths for rapid identification of Candida species causing bloodstream infections: an observational study in two large microbiology laboratories","volume":"50","author":"Spanu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03189-12","article-title":"Evaluation of real-time PCR, galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a novel lateral-flow device for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"51","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis021","article-title":"Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: a patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials","volume":"54","author":"Andes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S3329","article-title":"Posaconazole in the management of refractory invasive fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Langner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1086\/423274","article-title":"Breakthrough fungal infections in stem cell transplant recipients receiving voriconazole","volume":"39","author":"Imhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1086\/423380","article-title":"Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis","volume":"39","author":"Marr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1086\/510592","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic cell transplantation: outcomes and prognostic factors associated with mortality","volume":"44","author":"Upton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu911","volume":"60","author":"Herbrecht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23109","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B in combination with caspofungin for invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies: a randomized pilot study (Combistrat trial)","volume":"110","author":"Caillot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11479","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of caspofungin in combination with liposomal amphotericin B as primary or salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"98","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9774-0","article-title":"Multi-resistant aspergillosis due to cryptic species","volume":"178","author":"Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9775-z","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility profile of cryptic species of Aspergillus","volume":"178","author":"Alastruey-Izquierdo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"63","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1086\/506617","article-title":"Triazole-polyene antagonism in experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo correlation","volume":"194","author":"Meletiadis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90023-X","article-title":"NIAID Mycoses Study Group multicenter trial of oral itraconazole therapy for invasive Aspergillosis","volume":"97","author":"Denning","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/590004","article-title":"Delaying amphotericin B-based frontline therapy significantly increases mortality among patients with hematologic malignancy who have zygomycosis","volume":"47","author":"Chamilos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1086\/500212","article-title":"Posaconazole is effective as salvage therapy in zygomycosis: a retrospective summary of 91 cases","volume":"42","author":"van Burik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2016.03.002","article-title":"Isavuconazole as salvage therapy for mucormycosis","volume":"11","author":"Graves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.62-68.2002","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro activities of new and conventional antifungal agents against clinical Scedosporium isolates","volume":"46","author":"Meletiadis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.3.917-921.2006","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 Spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi","volume":"50","author":"Cuenca-Estrella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1997.tb03051.x","article-title":"Localized cutaneous infection by Scedosporium prolificans (inflatum)","volume":"36","author":"Gillum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh228","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro activity of terbinafine against medically important non-dermatophyte species of filamentous fungi","volume":"53","author":"Garcia-Effron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02802.x","article-title":"Population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis in Australia: epidemiology, disease manifestations and emergence of Scedosporium aurantiacum infection","volume":"15","author":"Heath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12409","article-title":"Improvement in the outcome of invasive fusariosis in the last decade","volume":"20","author":"Nucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04771.x","article-title":"The first echinocandin: caspofungin","volume":"45","author":"Cornely","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-280X.1999.00245.x","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro susceptibility of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis agents to antifungal drugs","volume":"37","author":"Caligiorne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02526-15","article-title":"Combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine against neurotropic species of melanized fungi causing primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"60","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib90","first-page":"121","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro antifungal activities of anidulafungin and micafungin, licensed agents and the investigational triazole posaconazole as determined by NCCLS methods for 12,052 fungal isolates: review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802512451","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility testing of Exophiala spp.: a head-to-head comparison of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole","volume":"47","author":"Fothergill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701390157","article-title":"Efficacy of caspofungin and posaconazole in a murine model of disseminated Exophiala infection","volume":"45","author":"Rivard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01690877","article-title":"Successful treatment of catheter-related fusarial infection in immunocompromised children","volume":"14","author":"Velasco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90885-A","article-title":"Operative treatment of Fusarium fungal infection of the lung","volume":"49","author":"Lupinetti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.973-977.2005","article-title":"Scedosporium apiospermum soft tissue infection successfully treated with voriconazole: potential pitfalls in the transition from intravenous to oral therapy","volume":"43","author":"Schaenman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70443-X","article-title":"Aggressive surgical management in localized pulmonary mycotic and nonmycotic infections for neutropenic patients with acute leukemia: report of eighteen cases","volume":"115","author":"Baron","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13099","article-title":"Role of granulocyte transfusions in invasive fusariosis: systematic review and single-center experience","volume":"55","author":"Kadri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701036","article-title":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-associated histiocytosis and capillary-leak syndrome following autologous bone marrow transplantation: two case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Al-Homaidhi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2234-2237.2002","article-title":"Antifungal triazoles and polymorphonuclear leukocytes synergize to cause increased hyphal damage to Scedosporium prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum","volume":"46","author":"Gil-Lamaignere","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802524506","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of Scedosporium prolificans infection, a review of 162 cases","volume":"47","author":"Rodriguez-Tudela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib101","first-page":"195","article-title":"Opportunistic invasive fungal infections: diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"139","author":"Badiee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12648","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous Curvularia infection in an immunocompromised host; diagnostic challenges and experience with voriconazole","volume":"43","author":"Balla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5419-5423.2004","article-title":"Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Curvularia lunata in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"42","author":"Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1086\/647743","article-title":"Risk factors for death in patients with candidemia","volume":"19","author":"Nucci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3310-z","article-title":"A multicenter study of septic shock due to candidemia: outcomes and predictors of mortality","volume":"40","author":"Bassetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir866","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis","volume":"54","author":"Petrikkos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib107","first-page":"114","article-title":"Perineural spread of rhinocerebral mucormycosis","volume":"17","author":"McLean","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2014.910749","article-title":"Bone and joint infections by Mucorales, Scedosporium, Fusarium and even rarer fungi","volume":"42","author":"Koehler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(88)80343-7","article-title":"An approach to intensive antileukemia therapy in patients with previous invasive aspergillosis","volume":"85","author":"Karp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2015.09.002","article-title":"Reviewing the importance and evolution of fungal infections and potential antifungal resistance in haematological patients","volume":"3","author":"Busca","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020191","article-title":"Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"347","author":"Herbrecht","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1086\/426445","article-title":"Infections due to Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans in transplant recipients: clinical characteristics and impact of antifungal agent therapy on outcome","volume":"40","author":"Husain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1086\/342328","article-title":"Cutaneous infection by Fusarium species\u00a0in healthy and immunocompromised hosts: implications for\u00a0diagnosis and management","volume":"35","author":"Nucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11510","article-title":"Outcome predictors of 84 patients with hematologic malignancies and Fusarium infection","volume":"98","author":"Nucci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.3.999","article-title":"Fusarium, a significant emerging pathogen in patients with hematologic malignancy: ten years\u2019 experience at a cancer center and implications for management","volume":"90","author":"Boutati","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1086\/338636","article-title":"Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis: review of an emerging mycosis","volume":"34","author":"Revankar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.168664","article-title":"Scedosporium apiospermum causing brain abscess in a renal allograft recipient","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962218323703?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962218323703?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:48:47Z","timestamp":1759272527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962218323703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962218323703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Angioinvasive fungal infections impacting the skin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.058","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(19)30298-1","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}