{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:44:11Z","timestamp":1790718251370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T12:31:14Z","timestamp":1537187474000},"page":"1233-1250.e10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Mohammed D.","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Oussedik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Picardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Schoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.11.013","article-title":"Quality-of-life issues in vitiligo","volume":"30","author":"Bhandarkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.039","article-title":"Vitiligo is not\u00a0a cosmetic disease","volume":"73","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.12.034","article-title":"Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species","volume":"51","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000216624.21069.61","article-title":"Malassezia yeasts and pityriasis versicolor","volume":"19","author":"Crespo-Erchiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.03.004","article-title":"Cutaneous sarcoidosis: differential diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Fernandez-Faith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib6","first-page":"325","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: a review for the internist","volume":"13","author":"Bargagli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.10.031","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of color","volume":"60","author":"Hinds","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000379","article-title":"Frequency of hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in Egyptian patients presenting with hypopigmented lesions of the trunk","volume":"37","author":"Abdel-Halim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lockwood DN. Leprosy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;33:26-29.","DOI":"10.1383\/medc.2005.33.7.26"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90219-6","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1338","article-title":"Cutaneous and\u00a0mucocutaneous leishmaniasis resembling borderline-tuberculoid leprosy: a new clinical presentation?","volume":"93","author":"Dassoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(01)70314-3","article-title":"Photodamaged skin: clinical signs, causes and management","volume":"44","author":"Rico","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2003.11.005","article-title":"Skin aging and natural photoprotection","volume":"35","author":"Wulf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04743.x","article-title":"Clinical features of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis in 646 subjects and association with other aspects of photoaging","volume":"50","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.04.013","article-title":"Origin, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of hypomelanotic skin disorders","volume":"25","author":"Mollet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-016-0195-3","article-title":"Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: a\u00a0review of its etiology, pathogenesis, findings, and treatments","volume":"17","author":"Juntongjin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04209.x","article-title":"Comprehensive understanding of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: clinical and histopathological correlation","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2005.00171.x","article-title":"Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: idiopathic or ultraviolet induced?","volume":"21","author":"Kaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750010724","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules of photodamaged skin and their treatment with topical tretinoin","volume":"76","author":"Pagnoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12763","article-title":"Non-ablative fractional photothermolysis in treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"29","author":"Rerknimitr","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.126021","article-title":"Therapeutic wounding - 88% phenol in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"5","author":"Ravikiran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000996","article-title":"Excimer light treatment for idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"43","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1221498","article-title":"Efficacy of tip cryotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH): a randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded study","volume":"28","author":"Laosakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70273-K","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis with liquid nitrogen: light and electron microscopic studies","volume":"23","author":"Ploysangam","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00701.x","article-title":"3-5 second cryotherapy is effective in\u00a0idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"31","author":"Kumarasinghe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.033","article-title":"Therapeutic pearl: 5-fluorouracil tattoo for idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"78","author":"Wambier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70071-7","article-title":"Leukoderma punctata","volume":"18","author":"Falabella","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.01842.x","article-title":"Case of leukoderma punctata after topical PUVA treatment","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03571.x","article-title":"Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis-like lesions in patients with mycosis fungoides: a new adverse effect of phototherapy","volume":"24","author":"Friedland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000400026","article-title":"Leukoderma punctata following topical PUVAsol treatment","volume":"85","author":"Fernandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2017.29.5.630","article-title":"Treatment of laser therapy-induced punctate leukoderma using a 308-nm excimer laser","volume":"29","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib33","first-page":"824","article-title":"Use of the 308-nm excimer laser for postresurfacing leukoderma","volume":"137","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22325","article-title":"Influence of the frequency of laser toning for melasma on occurrence of leukoderma and its early detection by ultraviolet imaging","volume":"47","author":"Sugawara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6418","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2016.6418","article-title":"Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies?","volume":"8","author":"Chuh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12838","article-title":"A mini-epidemic of eruptive hypomelanosis in three children of the same family; the first piece of epidemiological evidence for an infectious cause of a novel paraviral exanthem","volume":"41","author":"Chuh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1499","article-title":"Eruptive hypomelanosis","volume":"150","author":"Zawar","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12736","article-title":"Eruptive hypomelanosis in a young child as a \u201cparaviral exanthem\u201d","volume":"33","author":"Chuh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib39","first-page":"12P+","article-title":"Bier's spots\u2014evidence that they are mediated by an intravascular venoconstrictor substance","volume":"209","author":"Collier","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.009","article-title":"Bier spots: six case reports","volume":"61","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib41","first-page":"477","article-title":"Physiologic anemic macules","volume":"81","author":"Khera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01349.x","article-title":"Bier spots in two children","volume":"28","author":"Tunca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib43","first-page":"2","article-title":"Diffuse Bier spots","volume":"11","author":"Heller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib44","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Bier spots: a benign vascular anomaly","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.153020","article-title":"Bier spots: an uncommon cause of mottled skin","volume":"6","author":"Mahajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70050-9","article-title":"Bier\u2019s spots reconsidered: a tale of two spots, with speculation on a humerus vein","volume":"14","author":"Wilkin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1159\/000051655","article-title":"Multiple anemic macules or Bier\u2019s spots?","volume":"202","author":"Grosshans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01583.x","article-title":"Multiple anaemic macules of the arms: a variant of Bier\u2019s spots or naevus anemicus?","volume":"20","author":"Sarifakioglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2014.07.005","article-title":"Bier spots are an under-recognized cutaneous manifestation of lower extremity lymphedema: a case series and brief review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Dean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153337","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules of the limbs in two sisters: report on familial Bier spots","volume":"90","author":"Stinco","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000104273","article-title":"Bier's spots in association with hypoplasia of the aorta","volume":"215","author":"Cabanillas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05335.x","article-title":"Delayed presentation of persistent unilateral cutaneous mottling of the arm following coarctation of the aorta","volume":"148","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.5.674-a","article-title":"Constitutive speckled vascular mottling of the skin resembling Bier white spots: lack of venoarteriolar reflex in dermal arterioles","volume":"136","author":"Gniadecki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2014.11.018","article-title":"Bier spots on legs associated with deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02298.x","article-title":"Bier\u2019s white spots associated with scleroderma renal crisis","volume":"32","author":"Peyrot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04680.x","article-title":"Diffuse Bier white spots revealing cryoglobulinaemia","volume":"146","author":"Bessis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.13.1641","article-title":"Global health","volume":"286","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.81","article-title":"Arsenicosis: the greatest public\u00a0health disaster in history","volume":"150","author":"Burgdorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0040-x","article-title":"Drinking water arsenic contamination, skin lesions, and malignancies: a systematic review of the global evidence","volume":"2","author":"Karagas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1015435","article-title":"Arsenicosis and stigmatisation","volume":"10","author":"Kabir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00101.x","article-title":"Arsenic and the skin","volume":"36","author":"Schwartz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13615","article-title":"A retrospective review of the dermatologic manifestations of chronic arsenic poisoning in the Philippines","volume":"56","author":"Sy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890270127023","article-title":"Mees' lines: a clue for the diagnosis of arsenic poisoning","volume":"132","author":"Sanmart\u00edn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib64","article-title":"Chronic arsenic poisoning probably caused by arsenic-based pesticides: findings from an investigation study of a household","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.2.232","article-title":"Herbal therapy in dermatology","volume":"138","author":"Bedi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102447","article-title":"Causes, epidemiology, and clinical evaluation of suspected herbal poisoning","volume":"37","author":"Ko","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.05.003","article-title":"Chronic arsenic toxicity: studies in West Bengal, India","volume":"27","author":"Guha Mazumder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.933.391","article-title":"Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity","volume":"79","author":"Ratnaike","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206178","article-title":"A population-based case-control study of urinary\u00a0arsenic species and squamous cell carcinoma in New\u00a0Hampshire, USA","volume":"121","author":"Gilbert-Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307894","article-title":"Association of arsenic with adverse pregnancy outcomes\/infant mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Quansah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2014.11.031","article-title":"Chronic arsenicosis with varied pulmonary involvement \u2013 a case series","volume":"64","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc"},{"issue":"2 pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.12.004","article-title":"Assessment of relationship on excess arsenic intake from drinking water and cognitive impairment in adults and elders in arsenicosis areas","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060556","article-title":"A review of the effects of chronic arsenic exposure on adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Milton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.05.005","article-title":"Hypomelanotic conditions of the newborn and infant","volume":"25","author":"Ruiz-Maldonado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.07.002","article-title":"Clinical aspects of leprosy","volume":"33","author":"Talhari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib77","series-title":"Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology","first-page":"49","article-title":"Eczematous Eruptions in Childhood","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1960.01580020025003","article-title":"Pityriasis alba: a ten-year survey and review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Wells","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.42644","article-title":"Early mycosis fungoides vs. inflammatory mimics: how reliable is histology?","volume":"74","author":"Rajalakshmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib80","first-page":"35","article-title":"A review of cutaneous disease in African-American patients","volume":"11","author":"McMichael","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12700","article-title":"Malassezia species and\u00a0their associated skin diseases","volume":"42","author":"Harada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib82","first-page":"21","article-title":"Pityriasis alba","volume":"76","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12683","article-title":"Pityriasis alba-common disease, enigmatic entity: up-to-date review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Miazek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04088.x","article-title":"Postinflammatory hypopigmentation","volume":"36","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02515.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural findings in progressive macular hypomelanosis indicate decreased melanin production","volume":"22","author":"Relyveld","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01506.x","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"29","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2016.00040","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes phylogenetic type III is associated with progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"7","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.004","article-title":"Use of Wood\u2019s lamp to diagnose progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"77","author":"Pflederer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.388","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis is associated with a putative Propionibacterium species","volume":"130","author":"Relyveld","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05660.x","article-title":"The possible role\u00a0of antiretroviral drugs in the pathogenesis of progressive\u00a0macular hypomelanosis","volume":"53","author":"Lo Schiavo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.182797","article-title":"Efficacy and relapse rates of different treatment modalities for progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"82","author":"Thng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.010","article-title":"Narrowband UVB treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01605.x","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis showing excellent response to oral isotretinoin","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962011000100006","article-title":"Efficacy of topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.03980.x","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical efficacy of NBUVB and NBUVB with benzoyl peroxide\/clindamycin in progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"25","author":"Sim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000500004","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis: an epidemiological study and therapeutic response to phototherapy","volume":"85","author":"Duarte","year":"2010","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.020","article-title":"Benzoyl peroxide\/clindamycin\/UVA is more effective than fluticasone\/UVA in progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized study","volume":"55","author":"Relyveld","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.s1.9.16","article-title":"The lipophilic yeasts: state of the art and prospects","volume":"38","author":"Midgley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01085.x","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor alba","volume":"19","author":"Thoma","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12345","article-title":"Tinea versicolor in dark-skinned individuals","volume":"53","author":"Kallini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00378.x","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.004","article-title":"Tinea versicolor, tinea nigra, white piedra, and black piedra","volume":"28","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.135194","article-title":"Little white spots: an approach to hypopigmented macules","volume":"93","author":"Lio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07181.x","article-title":"Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in pityriasis alba: an open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"155","author":"Rigopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303275","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/303275","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study comparing 0.0003% calcitriol with 0.1% tacrolimus ointments for the treatment of endemic pityriasis alba","volume":"2012","author":"Moreno-Cruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.259","article-title":"Pityriasis versicolor: a systematic review of interventions","volume":"146","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib107","first-page":"72","article-title":"Single dose (400 mg) versus 7 day (200 mg) daily dose itraconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Wahab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2013.13062","article-title":"Systematic review of systemic treatments for tinea versicolor and evidence-based dosing regimen recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07888.x","article-title":"The efficacy of oral treatment with pramiconazole in pityriasis\u00a0versicolor: a phase II a trial","volume":"156","author":"Faergemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.08.033","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of oral pramiconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor","volume":"61","author":"Faergemann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)81261-3","article-title":"Pityrosporum infections","volume":"31","author":"Faergemann","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962011000600011","article-title":"New aspects in the clinical course of pityriasis versicolor","volume":"86","author":"Framil","year":"2011","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.1.69","article-title":"Efficacy of itraconazole in the prophylactic treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor","volume":"138","author":"Faergemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib115","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"2819","article-title":"Mycobacterium Leprae (Leprosy)","author":"Renault","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010536","article-title":"Probable zoonotic leprosy in the southern United States","volume":"364","author":"Truman","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.07.001","article-title":"The armadillo as an animal model and reservoir host for Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"33","author":"Balamayooran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2015.09.002","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy","volume":"45","author":"Reibel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.018","article-title":"Assessing nerves in leprosy","volume":"34","author":"Garbino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.072","article-title":"An update on the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy","volume":"51","author":"Moschella","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2016.09.001","article-title":"Leprosy and women","volume":"2","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.03.066","article-title":"Tropical dermatology: bacterial\u00a0tropical diseases","volume":"54","author":"Lupi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132004","article-title":"Understanding the type 1 reactional state for early diagnosis and treatment: a way to\u00a0avoid disability in leprosy","volume":"88","author":"Nery","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652011000600008","article-title":"Early diagnosis of relapse in borderline leprosy: two case reports","volume":"53","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1489\/1544-581X(2004)072<0125:ECOLRY>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of leprosy reactions: 15 years experience from north India","volume":"72","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70006-8","article-title":"Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps","volume":"11","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)80121-6","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"34","author":"Grevelink","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006","article-title":"The\u00a0immunological, environmental, and phylogenetic perpetrators of metastatic leishmaniasis","volume":"30","author":"Hartley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163047","article-title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of sodium stibogluconate monotherapy to sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin combination for the treatment of severe post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Sudan \u2013 a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Abongomera","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004093","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004093","article-title":"Decline in clinical efficacy of oral miltefosine in treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in India","volume":"9","author":"Ramesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(01)00249-8","article-title":"The great imitator: malignant syphilis with hepatitis","volume":"20","author":"Witkowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04626.x","article-title":"Endemic treponematoses. Part II. Pinta and endemic syphilis","volume":"30","author":"Engelkens","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00152-8","article-title":"Treponemal infections in the pediatric population","volume":"18","author":"Parish","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.048","article-title":"Syphilis: reemergence of an old adversary","volume":"113","author":"Chao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201759074","article-title":"Secondary syphilis presenting as leucoderma syphiliticum: case report and review","volume":"59","author":"Eyer-Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12678","article-title":"Hypopigmented patches on a young man","volume":"41","author":"Uprety","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib140","first-page":"34","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-208306","article-title":"Childhood hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: a commonly delayed diagnosis","volume":"2014","author":"Gameiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)00907-1","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in Caucasian patients: a clinicopathologic study of 7 cases","volume":"49","author":"Ardig\u00f3","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132336","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: a review of its clinical features and pathophysiology","volume":"88","author":"Furlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12262","article-title":"Loss of melanocytes in hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: a study of 18 patients","volume":"41","author":"Furlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.02.030","article-title":"Hypopigmented parapsoriasis en plaque, a new, overlooked member of the parapsoriasis family: a report of 34 patients and a 7-year experience","volume":"67","author":"El-Darouti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2014.02.003","article-title":"Mycosis Fungoides Variants","volume":"7","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Escala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib147","first-page":"3287","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in children: a clinicopathological study of 6 cases","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91337-8","article-title":"Hypopigmented variant of mycosis fungoides: demography, histopathology, and treatment of seven cases","volume":"32","author":"Lambroza","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.211717","article-title":"Hypopigmented patches on the skin","volume":"309","author":"Juhas","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90006-9","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: treatment and a 6(1\/2)-year follow-up of 9 patients","volume":"42","author":"Akaraphanth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13843","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: a retrospective clinicohistopathologic study","volume":"31","author":"Rodney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.12.029","article-title":"Juvenile mycosis fungoides: cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with frequent follicular involvement","volume":"70","author":"Hodak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70026-X","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides presenting as areas of hypopigmentation: a report of three cases","volume":"6","author":"Zackheim","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198608000-00009","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. Speculations about the mechanism of hypopigmentation","volume":"8","author":"Goldberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib155","first-page":"491","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of mycosis fungoides","volume":"24","author":"Galper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02834.x","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules in an adult male patient","volume":"33","author":"\u00d6zcan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04197.x","article-title":"Efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B twice weekly for hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in Asians","volume":"37","author":"Kanokrungsee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib158","first-page":"272","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules in a young man","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad Al Dhafiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.7.921","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoid dyscrasia: a unifying term for idiopathic chronic dermatoses with persistent T-cell clones","volume":"143","author":"Guitart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1997.tb00677.x","article-title":"The short- and long-term side effects of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing","volume":"23","author":"Bernstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70283-7","article-title":"Complications of chemical resurfacing","volume":"19","author":"Brody","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib162","first-page":"63","article-title":"Lasers in tattoo and pigmentation control: role of the PicoSure\u00ae laser system","volume":"9","author":"Torbeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Devices (Auckl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000224","article-title":"A primer on pigmentation","volume":"36","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(79)90048-8","article-title":"Sensitivity of pigmented mucosa and skin to freezing injury","volume":"16","author":"Gage","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001354","article-title":"Fractional resurfacing and topical bimatoprost for the treatment of laser induced postinflammatory hypopigmentation on the lower extremities","volume":"44","author":"Regis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh068","article-title":"Pigmentary changes in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib mesylate","volume":"15","author":"Arora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e312","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.4432","article-title":"Profound hair and skin hypopigmentation in an African American woman treated with the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib","volume":"28","author":"Sideras","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11812","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate causes hypopigmentation in the skin","volume":"98","author":"Tsao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20267","article-title":"Imatinib mesylate causes hypopigmentation in the skin","volume":"100","author":"Leong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2006.00208.x","article-title":"Vitiligo-like lesions and diffuse lightening of the skin in a pediatric patient treated with imatinib mesylate: a noninvasive colorimetric assessment","volume":"23","author":"Brazzelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.11.1525","article-title":"Sunitinib and periodic hair depigmentation due to temporary c-KIT inhibition","volume":"144","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib172","first-page":"395","article-title":"Hair depigmentation during chemotherapy with dasatinib, a dual Bcr-Abl\/Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib173","first-page":"722","article-title":"Hypopigmentation in an African patient treated with imatinib mesylate: a case report","volume":"95","author":"Hasan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib174","first-page":"QD01","article-title":"Diffuse hypopigmentation followed by hyperpigmentation in an African American woman with hemangiopericytoma treated with dasatinib","volume":"8","author":"Boudadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.11.059","article-title":"Ascending hypopigmentation of the forearm following injection of triamcinolone","volume":"62","author":"Saour","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbr.2015.08.010","article-title":"Intra-articular injection in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: factors associated with a good response","volume":"56","author":"Cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.021","article-title":"Periocular corticosteroid injections in uveitis: effects and complications","volume":"121","author":"Sen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.11.003","article-title":"Intra-articular corticosteroid injections to the temporomandibular joints are safe and appear to be effective therapy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Stoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70209-1","article-title":"Perilesional linear atrophy and hypopigmentation after intralesional corticosteroid therapy. Report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Friedman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib180","first-page":"779","article-title":"Cutaneous hypopigmentation following a posterior sub-tenon triamcinolone injection","volume":"13","author":"Gallardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(98)00047-3","article-title":"Hypopigmentation along subcutaneous veins following intrakeloid triamcinolone injection: a case report and review of literature","volume":"24","author":"Kumar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2016.01.002","article-title":"Skin depigmentation along lymph vessels of the lower leg following local corticosteroid injection for interdigital neuroma","volume":"22","author":"van Vendeloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318269ebdc","article-title":"Hypopigmentation after triamcinolone injection for de Quervain tenosynovitis","volume":"92","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib184","first-page":"61","article-title":"Linear lymphatic hypopigmentation after intralesional corticosteroid injection: report of two cases","volume":"64","author":"George","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00502.x","article-title":"Inhaler-induced pigmentary changes in a 14-year-old girl","volume":"24","author":"Connolly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00274-7","article-title":"An unusual self inflicted burn in an asthmatic patient","volume":"29","author":"Akhtar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.050781","article-title":"Ten puffs too many","volume":"89","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304050-00003","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders: a guide for dermatologists","volume":"4","author":"Jabbour","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050051109","article-title":"Dermatologic aspects of male hypogonadism [in German]","volume":"51","author":"K\u00f6hn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-016-2162-8","article-title":"Copper deficiency after gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607100024006361","article-title":"Pancytopenia after removal of copper from total parenteral nutrition","volume":"24","author":"Fuhrman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004341","article-title":"Mineral malnutrition following bariatric surgery","volume":"4","author":"Gletsu-Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.09.001","article-title":"Selenium deficiency in children and adolescents nourished by parenteral nutrition and\/or selenium-deficient enteral formula","volume":"28","author":"Etani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80247-0","article-title":"Macrocytosis and pseudoalbinism: manifestations of selenium deficiency","volume":"111","author":"Vinton","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-9007(95)00062-3","article-title":"Four cases of selenium deficiency in postoperative long-term enteral nutrition","volume":"12","author":"Yagi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.08.001","article-title":"Clinical features of selenium deficiency in infants receiving long-term nutritional support","volume":"23","author":"Masumoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000996","article-title":"Excimer light treatment for idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"43","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1221498","article-title":"Efficacy of tip cryotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH): a randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded study","volume":"28","author":"Laosakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12763","article-title":"Non-ablative fractional photothermolysis in treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"29","author":"Rerknimitr","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.126021","article-title":"Therapeutic wounding - 88% phenol in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"5","author":"Ravikiran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04462.x","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus significantly promotes repigmentation in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"27","author":"Rerknimitr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00701.x","article-title":"3-5 second cryotherapy is effective in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis","volume":"31","author":"Kumarasinghe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750010724","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules of photodamaged skin and their treatment with topical tretinoin","volume":"79","author":"Pagnoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.182797","article-title":"Efficacy and relapse rates of different treatment modalities for progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"82","author":"Thng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01605.x","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis showing excellent response to oral isotretinoin","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.010","article-title":"Narrowband UVB treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS11","first-page":"2010","article-title":"The use of lymecycline and benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a prospective study","volume":"86","author":"Maria","year":"2011","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962011000100006","article-title":"Efficacy of topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.03980.x","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical efficacy of NBUVB and NBUVB with benzoyl peroxide\/clindamycin in progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"25","author":"Sim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000500004","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis: an epidemiological study and therapeutic response to phototherapy","volume":"85","author":"Duarte","year":"2010","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.020","article-title":"Benzoyl peroxide\/clindamycin\/UVA is more effective than fluticasone\/UVA in progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized study","volume":"55","author":"Relyveld","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163047","article-title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of sodium stibogluconate monotherapy to sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin combination for the treatment of severe post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Sudan \u2013 a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Abongomera","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0721","article-title":"Inadequacy of 12-week miltefosine treatment for Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"93","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/414378","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of miltefosine in treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"2015","author":"Sundar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12015","article-title":"Oral miltefosine for Indian post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a randomised trial","volume":"18","author":"Sundar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Childhood hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: a commonly delayed diagnosis","author":"Gameiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS21","first-page":"272","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules in a young man","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad Al Dhafiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.211717","article-title":"Hypopigmented patches on the skin","volume":"309","author":"Juhas","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04197.x","article-title":"Efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B twice weekly for hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in Asians","volume":"37","author":"Kanokrungsee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02834.x","article-title":"Hypopigmented macules in an adult male patient","volume":"33","author":"\u00d6zcan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.22119.x","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in a child successfully treated with UVA1-light","volume":"22","author":"Roupe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90006-9","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: treatment and a 6(1\/2)-year follow-up of 9 patients","volume":"42","author":"Akaraphanth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91337-8","article-title":"Hypopigmented variant of mycosis fungoides: demography, histopathology, and treatment of seven cases","volume":"32","author":"Lambroza","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.01.020","article-title":"Clarithromycin for stable coronary heart disease increases all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cerebrovascular morbidity over 10 years in the CLARICOR randomised, blinded clinical trial","volume":"182","author":"Winkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.159929","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to compare cure and relapse rate of paucibacillary multidrug therapy with monthly rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline among paucibacillary leprosy patients in Agra District, India","volume":"81","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.006","article-title":"Leprosy type 1 reaction (formerly reversal reaction)","volume":"34","author":"Naafs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS32","first-page":"559","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics of leprosy reactions","volume":"62","author":"Scollard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS33","first-page":"204","article-title":"Nerve damage in leprosy: an epidemiological and clinical study of 396 patients in west Nepal--part 1. Definitions, methods and frequencies","volume":"65","author":"Van Brakel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1489\/1544-581X(2004)072<0125:ECOLRY>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of leprosy reactions: 15 years experience from north India","volume":"72","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20132004","article-title":"Understanding the type 1 reactional state for early diagnosis and treatment: a way to avoid disability in leprosy","volume":"88","author":"Nery","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004502","article-title":"A randomized controlled double blind trial of ciclosporin versus prednisolone in the management of leprosy patients with new type 1 reaction, in Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Lambert","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.034","article-title":"Recognizing and managing the immunologic reactions in leprosy","volume":"71","author":"Kamath","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142037","article-title":"Prevention of repeated episodes of type 2 reaction of leprosy with the use of thalidomide 100 mg\/day","volume":"89","author":"Putinatti","year":"2014","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS40","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"2819","article-title":"Mycobacterium Leprae (Leprosy)","author":"Renault","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05966-11","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a patient treated with injectable paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis in India","volume":"50","author":"Pandey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12554106963438","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) developing after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin B and miltefosine","volume":"103","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.336","article-title":"Short report: development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in miltefosine-treated visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"80","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90219-6","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"95","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90736-2","article-title":"Post kala-azar ocular leishmaniasis","volume":"92","author":"El Hassan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070_bibS49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010050","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010050","volume":"6","author":"Mondal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962218325088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962218325088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:49:05Z","timestamp":1759272545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962218325088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":236,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962218325088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(19)30479-7","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}