{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:11:18Z","timestamp":1792397478529,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T12:17:37Z","timestamp":1544530657000},"page":"313-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Basic chemical peeling: Superficial and medium-depth peels"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Kachiu C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Wambier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seaver L.","family":"Soon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Barton","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold J.","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.00505.x","article-title":"A history of chemical peeling","volume":"26","author":"Brody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib2","first-page":"803","article-title":"Clinical role and application of superficial chemical\u00a0peels in today's practice","volume":"8","author":"Berson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03409.x","article-title":"Chemical peels in aesthetic dermatology: an update 2009","volume":"24","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib4","first-page":"6","article-title":"Chemical peels","volume":"9","author":"Monheit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01576925","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias in phenol face peeling: a suggested protocol for prevention","volume":"12","author":"Botta","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198404000-00012","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias during phenol face peeling","volume":"73","author":"Gross","year":"1984","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib7","first-page":"17","article-title":"Double-blind randomized study of 5% and 10% retinoic acid peels in the treatment of melasma: clinical evaluation and impact on the quality of life","volume":"3","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"6 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib8","first-page":"AB269","article-title":"Tretinoin 5% peeling versus 0.05% cream for advanced photoaging of the forearms: an open, randomized, evaluator-blinded and comparative study","volume":"76","author":"Sumita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(89)90156-8","article-title":"Antiinflammatory action of salicylates: aspirin is not a prodrug for salicylate against rat carrageenin pleurisy","volume":"159","author":"Chiabrando","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18990","article-title":"Effect of salicylic acid on the membrane proteome and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"57","author":"Bandara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10062440","article-title":"An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.08145.x","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of salicylic acid chemical peels in darker racial-ethnic groups","volume":"25","author":"Grimes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib13","first-page":"891","article-title":"Excellent clinical results with a new preparation for chemical peeling in acne: 30% salicylic acid in polyethylene glycol vehicle","volume":"34","author":"Dainichi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700066","article-title":"Chemical peeling by SA-PEG remodels photo-damaged skin: suppressing p53 expression and normalizing keratinocyte differentiation","volume":"126","author":"Dainichi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03710.x","article-title":"Standardizing chemical peel solution formulations to avoid mishaps. Great fluctuations in actual concentrations of trichloroacetic acid","volume":"20","author":"Bridenstine","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib17","series-title":"Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures for Dermatologists and Plastic Surgeons","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification of chemical peels","author":"Wambier","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib18","series-title":"Chemical Peeling and Resurfacing","first-page":"1","author":"Brody","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib19","series-title":"Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures for Dermatologists and Plastic Surgeons","article-title":"Phenol-croton oil peels","author":"Ayres","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib20","first-page":"368","article-title":"Rhinophyma: practical and safe treatment with trichloroacetic acid","volume":"6","author":"Gaspar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib21","first-page":"985","article-title":"Histologic study of depressed acne scars treated with serial high-concentration (95%) trichloroacetic acid","volume":"32","author":"Yug","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib22","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Focal treatment of acne scars with trichloroacetic acid: chemical reconstruction of skin scars method","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000606","article-title":"Comparative study of the use of trichloroacetic acid and phenolic acid in the treatment of atrophic-type acne scars","volume":"42","author":"Dalpizzol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib24","first-page":"189","article-title":"Estudo comparativo entre aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de ATA a 90% e fenol a 88% com a t\u00e9cnica de CROSS nas cicatrizes da acne","volume":"38","author":"M\u00fchlmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib25","first-page":"864","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma versus CROSS technique with 100% trichloroacetic acid versus combined skin needling and platelet rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a comparative study","volume":"40","author":"Nofal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/074880680402100402","article-title":"The 2-day light phenol chemabrasion for deep wrinkles and acne scars: a presentation of face and neck peels","volume":"21","author":"Rullan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cosmet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01075.x","article-title":"Nonsurgical technique for incomplete earlobe cleft repair","volume":"35","author":"de Mendonca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20163981","article-title":"Incomplete ear lobe cleft repair with 100% trichloroacetic acid","volume":"2","author":"Muthuvel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Res Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630500475708","article-title":"Evaluation of three different strengths of trichloroacetic acid in xanthelasma palpebrarum","volume":"17","author":"Haque","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2010.03818.x","article-title":"Efficacy of trichloroacetic acid (95%) in the management of xanthelasma palpebrarum","volume":"35","author":"Cannon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181aa9a1f","article-title":"Treatment of eyelid xanthelasma with 70% trichloroacetic acid","volume":"25","author":"Nahas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib32","unstructured":"Wambier CG. Chemical peels. Presented at the 2018 American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, February 16-20, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.48985","article-title":"A study comparing chemical peeling using modified Jessner's solution and 15% trichloroacetic acid versus 15% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of melasma","volume":"54","author":"Safoury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001036","article-title":"Combined Jessner solution and trichloroacetic acid versus trichloroacetic acid alone in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients","volume":"43","author":"Abdel-Meguid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001122","article-title":"Commentary on combined Jessner solution and trichloroacetic acid versus trichloroacetic acid alone in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients","volume":"43","author":"Brody","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1989.tb03182.x","article-title":"Variations and comparisons in medium-depth chemical peeling","volume":"15","author":"Brody","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1986.tb01066.x","article-title":"Medium-depth chemical peeling of the skin: a variation of superficial chemosurgery","volume":"12","author":"Brody","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00729.x","article-title":"A clinical and histologic evaluation of two medium-depth peels. Glycolic acid versus Jessner's trichloroacetic acid","volume":"22","author":"Tse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03753.x","article-title":"The glycolic acid trichloroacetic acid peel","volume":"20","author":"Coleman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90072-1","article-title":"Pilot histologic and ultrastructural study of the effects of medium-depth chemical facial peels on dermal collagen in patients with actinically damaged skin","volume":"32","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30081-0","article-title":"The Jessner's-trichloroacetic acid peel. An enhanced medium-depth chemical peel","volume":"13","author":"Monheit","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1989.tb03181.x","article-title":"The Jessner's + TCA peel: a medium-depth chemical peel","volume":"15","author":"Monheit","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12801","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by resorcinol following a temporary black henna tattoo","volume":"77","author":"Ormerod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12617","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylethyl resorcinol, a skin-lightening agent contained in a sunscreen","volume":"75","author":"Pastor-Nieto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02687.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from resorcinol","volume":"17","author":"Langeland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04164.x","article-title":"The etiology of prolonged erythema after chemical peel","volume":"24","author":"Maloney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001361","article-title":"Air safety and personal protective equipment for phenol-croton oil peels","volume":"44","author":"Wambier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.09.068","article-title":"Prolongation of rate-corrected QT interval during phenol-croton oil peels","volume":"78","author":"Wambier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2005.40213.x","article-title":"Medium-depth and deep chemical peels","volume":"4","author":"Camacho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001357","article-title":"Punctuated 88% phenol peeling for the treatment of facial photoaging: a clinical and histopathological study","volume":"44","author":"de Mendonca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20175273","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of superficial chemical peeling in treatment of active acne vulgaris","volume":"92","author":"Al-Talib","year":"2017","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12266","article-title":"Jessner's solution vs. 30% salicylic acid peels: a comparative study of the efficacy and safety in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris","volume":"16","author":"Dayal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib53","first-page":"442","article-title":"Combination superficial peels with salicylic acid and post-peel retinoids","volume":"15","author":"Kligman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.064","article-title":"Assessing the safety of superficial chemical peels in darker skin: a retrospective study","volume":"79","author":"Vemula","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200801000-00008","article-title":"Comparison of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acid chemical peels in the treatment of mild to moderately severe facial acne vulgaris","volume":"34","author":"Kessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib56","first-page":"59","article-title":"Glycolic acid peels versus salicylic-mandelic acid peels in active acne vulgaris and post-acne scarring and hyperpigmentation: a comparative study","volume":"35","author":"Garg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.113451","article-title":"Acne scarring: a classification system and review of treatment options","volume":"45","author":"Jacob","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib58","first-page":"383","article-title":"Medium-depth chemical peels in the treatment of acne scars in dark-skinned individuals","volume":"28","author":"Al-Waiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62691-3","article-title":"Trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation (chemical peel) for extensive premalignant actinic damage of the face and scalp","volume":"63","author":"Brodland","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690140060009","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid vs 5% fluorouracil in the treatment of widespread facial actinic keratoses","volume":"131","author":"Lawrence","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1997.tb00020.x","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution and 35% trichloroacetic acid vs 5% fluorouracil in the treatment of widespread facial actinic keratoses","volume":"23","author":"Witheiler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860310086029","article-title":"Actinic cheilitis. A prospective study comparing four treatment methods","volume":"115","author":"Robinson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01500.x","article-title":"Effect of chemical peeling on the skin in relation to UV irradiation","volume":"21","author":"Funasaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00859.x","article-title":"Effect of chemical\u00a0peeling on photocarcinogenesis","volume":"37","author":"Abdel-Daim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.08.002","article-title":"Preventive effect of chemical peeling on ultraviolet induced skin tumor formation","volume":"60","author":"Abdel-Daim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2016.1157363","article-title":"Combination of microneedling and\u00a010% trichloroacetic acid peels in the management of\u00a0infraorbital dark circles","volume":"18","author":"Kontochristopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12044","article-title":"Chemical peeling with trichloroacetic acid and lactic acid for infraorbital dark circles","volume":"12","author":"Vavouli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12255","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of 20% glycolic peel, 15% lactic peel, and topical 20% vitamin C in constitutional type of periorbital melanosis: a comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Dayal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib69","first-page":"828","article-title":"The combination of glycolic acid peels with a topical regimen in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients: a comparative study","volume":"28","author":"Sarkar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib70","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Lactic acid chemical peels as a new therapeutic modality in melasma in comparison to Jessner's solution chemical peels","volume":"32","author":"Sharquie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200502000-00005","article-title":"Lactic acid as a new therapeutic peeling agent in melasma","volume":"31","author":"Sharquie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib72","first-page":"756","article-title":"Tretinoin peels versus glycolic acid peels in the treatment of Melasma in dark-skinned patients","volume":"30","author":"Khunger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01103.x","article-title":"Effectiveness, safety, and effect on quality of life of topical salicylic acid peels for treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in dark skin","volume":"35","author":"Joshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2015.12.006","article-title":"Treatment of lateral canthal rhytides with a medium depth chemical peel with or without pretreatment with onabotulinum toxin type A: a randomized control trial","volume":"2","author":"Tung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.035","article-title":"Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive overview","volume":"77","author":"Silpa-archa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680040086008","article-title":"Tretinoin accelerates healing after trichloroacetic acid chemical peel","volume":"127","author":"Hevia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01362.x","article-title":"Guidelines for chemical peeling in Japan (3rd edition)","volume":"39","author":"Committee for Guidelines of Care for Chemical P","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib78","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Standard guidelines of care for chemical peels","volume":"74","author":"Khunger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib79","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of beneficiary effects of priming agents (2% hydroquinone and 0.025% retinoic acid) in the treatment of melasma with glycolic acid peels","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079_bib80","first-page":"385","article-title":"Efficacy of hydroquinone (2%) versus tretinoin (0.025%) as adjunct topical agents for chemical peeling in patients of melasma","volume":"30","author":"Nanda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962218330494?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962218330494?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:48:47Z","timestamp":1759272527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962218330494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962218330494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Basic chemical peeling: Superficial and medium-depth peels","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.079","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(19)31000-X","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}