{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T05:01:50Z","timestamp":1793509310456,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T21:43:20Z","timestamp":1554327800000},"page":"568-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Medical therapy for frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review and clinical approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.09.058","article-title":"Primary cicatricial alopecia: lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, including chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and Graham-Little syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Bolduc","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib2","series-title":"Hair Loss and Restoration","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.04.001","article-title":"Primary cicatricial alopecias: clinicopathology of 112 cases","volume":"50","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13495","article-title":"Cicatricial Alopecia Research Foundation meeting, May 2016: progress towards the diagnosis, treatment and cure of primary cicatricial alopecias","volume":"27","author":"Sundberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01291.x","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a survey in 16 patients","volume":"19","author":"Moreno-Ramirez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09965.x","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a clinical review of 36 patients","volume":"163","author":"Samrao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08861.x","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: clinical presentations and prognosis","volume":"160","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690060100013","article-title":"Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia. Scarring alopecia in a pattern distribution","volume":"130","author":"Kossard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70326-8","article-title":"Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia: a frontal variant of lichen planopilaris","volume":"36","author":"Kossard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib10","first-page":"229","article-title":"Lichen planopilaris: epidemiology and prevalence of subtypes-a retrospective analysis in 104 patients","volume":"12","author":"Meinhard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153923","article-title":"Lichen planopilaris epidemiology: a retrospective study of 80 cases","volume":"90","author":"Soares","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.035","article-title":"Prognosis, treatment, and disease outcomes in frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective review of 92 cases","volume":"78","author":"Strazzulla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13071","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: reflections and hypotheses on aetiology and pathogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Tziotzios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.014","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia in postmenopausal women","volume":"52","author":"Tosti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2012.08.001","article-title":"Histopathology of scarring and nonscarring hair loss","volume":"31","author":"Childs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70078-V","article-title":"Lichen planopilaris: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"22","author":"Matta","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70290-V","article-title":"Lichen planopilaris: clinical and pathologic study of forty-five patients","volume":"27","author":"Mehregan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2006.01.006","article-title":"The histopathology of primary cicatricial alopecia","volume":"25","author":"Sperling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.2.235","article-title":"A new look at scarring alopecia","volume":"136","author":"Sperling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.054","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and lichen planopilaris: efficacy and introduction of Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index scoring system","volume":"62","author":"Chiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12479","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective clinical review of 62 patients with treatment outcome and long-term follow-up","volume":"53","author":"Banka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615281","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective analysis of 72 patients from a German academic center","volume":"34","author":"Heppt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09994.x","article-title":"Eyebrow regrowth in patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide","volume":"163","author":"Donovan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.12.003","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a multicenter review of 355 patients","volume":"70","author":"Vano-Galvan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.09.043","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective review of 19 patients seen at Duke University","volume":"68","author":"Ladizinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2015.08.003","article-title":"Finasteride-mediated hair regrowth and reversal of atrophy in a patient with frontal fibrosing alopecia","volume":"1","author":"Donovan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.12.026","article-title":"Treatment of postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia with oral dutasteride","volume":"61","author":"Georgala","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02963.x","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: treatment with oral dutasteride and topical pimecrolimus","volume":"23","author":"Katoulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib29","first-page":"988","article-title":"Efficacy of Isotretinoin and acitretin in treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia: retrospective analysis of 54 cases","volume":"16","author":"Rakowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2010.09041","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: to treat or not to treat?","volume":"14","author":"Rallis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.10.036","article-title":"The use of oral pioglitazone in the treatment of lichen planopilaris","volume":"72","author":"Mesinkovska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.06.048","article-title":"Low-dose naltrexone for disease prevention and quality of life","volume":"72","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib33","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Novel treatment using low-dose naltrexone for lichen planopilaris","volume":"16","author":"Strazzulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12833","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: regrowth following cessation of sunscreen on the forehead","volume":"60","author":"Cranwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12682","article-title":"Hair transplantation for the treatment of lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia: a report of two cases","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12232","article-title":"Is hair transplantation indicated in frontal fibrosing alopecia? The results of test grafting in three patients","volume":"39","author":"Jimenez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01580.x","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia in a man: results of follicular unit test grafting","volume":"36","author":"Nusbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02251.x","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia developing after hair transplantation for androgenetic alopecia","volume":"44","author":"Kossard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14535","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia: possible association with leave-on facial skin care products and sunscreens; a questionnaire study","volume":"175","author":"Aldoori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15311","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia in men: an association with facial moisturizers and sunscreens","volume":"177","author":"Debroy Kidambi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14967","article-title":"Detection of titanium nanoparticles in the hair shafts of a patient with frontal fibrosing alopecia","volume":"32","author":"Brunet-Possenti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12014","article-title":"Lichen planopilaris after hair transplantation: report of 17 cases","volume":"38","author":"Donovan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.09.034","article-title":"Development and validation of the Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Severity Score","volume":"78","author":"Saceda-Corralo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.001","article-title":"Medical treatments for male and female pattern hair loss","volume":"59","author":"Rogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.058","article-title":"Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2016 revision)","volume":"123","author":"Marmor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2016.01065","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia treatment options","volume":"5","author":"Fertig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.335","article-title":"Low-dose excimer 308-nm laser for treatment of lichen planopilaris","volume":"147","author":"Navarini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962219305249?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962219305249?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:52:12Z","timestamp":1759272732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962219305249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962219305249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medical therapy for frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review and clinical approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.079","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}