{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:26:56Z","timestamp":1793330816892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T02:19:39Z","timestamp":1588126779000},"page":"1042-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Dietary supplements in dermatology: A\u00a0review of the evidence for zinc, biotin, vitamin D, nicotinamide, and Polypodium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Katherine G.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noori","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.14403","article-title":"Trends in dietary supplement use among US adults from 1999-2012","volume":"316","author":"Kantor","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.2299","article-title":"Why US adults use dietary supplements","volume":"173","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1113325","article-title":"Assessing supplement safety\u2014the FDA's controversial proposal","volume":"366","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-20","article-title":"Use of dietary supplements by cardiologists, dermatologists, and orthopedists: report of a survey","volume":"10","author":"Dickinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.08.015","article-title":"Acrodermatitis enteropathica and an overview of zinc metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Maverakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.028","article-title":"An acrodermatitis enteropathica-associated Zn transporter, ZIP4, regulates human epidermal homeostasis","volume":"137","author":"Bin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.181487","article-title":"Zinc absorption by young adults from supplemental zinc citrate is comparable with that from zinc gluconate and higher than from zinc oxide","volume":"144","author":"Wegmuller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb15323.x","article-title":"Oral zinc sulphate in alopecia areata\u2014a double blind trial","volume":"104","author":"Ead","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2009.21.2.142","article-title":"The therapeutic effect and the changed serum zinc level after zinc supplementation in alopecia areata patients who had a low serum zinc level","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12576","article-title":"The role of zinc in the treatment of acne: a review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Cervantes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1978.01640190006002","article-title":"Oral zinc therapy of acne. Absorption and clinical effect","volume":"114","author":"Orris","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1978.01640240018005","article-title":"Zinc sulfate in acne vulgaris","volume":"114","author":"Weimar","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555557357360","article-title":"Oral zinc sulphate therapy for acne vulgaris","volume":"57","author":"Weismann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14277.x","article-title":"Comparison of oral treatment with zinc sulphate and placebo in acne vulgaris","volume":"97","author":"Hillstrom","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555558443448","article-title":"Oral zinc in acne vulgaris: a clinical and methodological study","volume":"58","author":"Goransson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555894752","article-title":"Clinical evaluation in acne","volume":"89","author":"Liden","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000100883","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa and zinc: a new therapeutic approach. A pilot study","volume":"214","author":"Brocard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.08.010","article-title":"Combination of oral zinc gluconate and topical triclosan: an anti-inflammatory treatment modality for initial hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"84","author":"Hessam","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"7482","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)91031-8","article-title":"Acceleration of wound healing in man with zinc sulphate given by mouth","volume":"1","author":"Pories","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02351.x","article-title":"Disease-specific, versus standard, nutritional support for the treatment of pressure ulcers in institutionalized older adults: a randomized control trial","volume":"57","author":"Cereda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0696","article-title":"A nutritional formula enriched with arginine, zinc, and antioxidants for the healing of pressure ulcers: a randomized trial","volume":"162","author":"Cereda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533613493333","article-title":"Effects of L-carnosine and its zinc complex (polaprezinc) on pressure ulcer healing","volume":"28","author":"Sakae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.11.31475","article-title":"Benefits of an oral nutritional supplement on pressure ulcer healing in long-term care residents","volume":"17","author":"Heyman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib24","series-title":"DRI: dietary Reference Intakes for\u00a0Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001305","article-title":"Biotin","volume":"3","author":"Zempleni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70150-8","article-title":"Uncombable hair syndrome: observations on response to biotin and occurrence in siblings\u00a0with ectodermal dysplasia","volume":"13","author":"Shelley","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00385.x","article-title":"Familial uncombable hair syndrome: ultrastructural hair study\u00a0and response to biotin","volume":"24","author":"Boccaletti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.47000.x","article-title":"Low serum biotinidase activity in children with valproic acid monotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Schulpis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811409227","article-title":"The influence of valproic acid and carbamazepine treatment on serum biotin and zinc levels and on biotinidase activity","volume":"26","author":"Castro-Gago","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70345-I","article-title":"Treatment of brittle fingernails and onychoschizia with biotin: scanning electron microscopy","volume":"23","author":"Colombo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib31","first-page":"303","article-title":"Brittle nails: response to daily biotin supplementation","volume":"51","author":"Hochman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib32","first-page":"161","article-title":"Triangular worndown nails: report of 14 cases","volume":"140","author":"Piraccini","year":"2005","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630050517522","article-title":"Recalcitrant trachyonychia of childhood\u2014response to daily oral biotin supplementation: report of two cases","volume":"11","author":"Mohrenschlager","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.03.045","article-title":"Habit-tic-like and median nail-like dystrophies treated with multivitamins","volume":"53","author":"Gloster","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib35","series-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563217701777","article-title":"Characterization of the scope and magnitude of biotin interference in susceptible Roche Elecsys competitive and sandwich immunoassays","volume":"55","author":"Trambas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib37","year":"1998"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.035","article-title":"Serum vitamin D status in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: recommendations for daily practice","volume":"75","author":"Van der Schaft","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2016.63883","article-title":"Serum vitamin D level\u2014the effect on the clinical course of psoriasis","volume":"33","author":"Bergler-Czop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3109\/09546630903578566","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"Javanbakht","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08601.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation for winter-related atopic dermatitis in Boston: a pilot study","volume":"159","author":"Sidbury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib42","first-page":"CD005205","article-title":"Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema","author":"Bath-Hextall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12176","article-title":"A randomized controlled double-blind investigation of the effects of vitamin D dietary supplementation in subjects with atopic dermatitis","volume":"28","author":"Hata","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.039","article-title":"Vitamin D and\u00a0antimicrobial peptide levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum: a pilot study","volume":"138","author":"Albenali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib45","first-page":"327","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a clinical trial study","volume":"11","author":"Arnestejani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib46","first-page":"S23","article-title":"The effects of oral vitamin D supplement on atopic dermatitis: a clinical trial with Staphylococcus aureus colonization determination","volume":"98","author":"Udompataikul","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.002","article-title":"Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation for winter-related atopic dermatitis in children","volume":"134","author":"Camargo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.03.014","article-title":"Vitamin D effects in atopic dermatitis","volume":"69","author":"Samochocki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555120","article-title":"Treatment of psoriasis vulgaris by oral administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3\u2014open-design study","volume":"39","author":"Morimoto","year":"1986","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70207-8","article-title":"A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Oral or topical use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib51","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) for the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"134","author":"Perez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780331117","article-title":"Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Huckins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0555","article-title":"Immunological and clinical effects of alphacalcidiol in patients with psoriatic arthropathy: results of an open, follow-up pilot study","volume":"89","author":"Gaal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639009086743","article-title":"Vitamin D3 and psoriasis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"1","author":"Siddiqui","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1444728","article-title":"Oral vitamin D3 supplementation for chronic plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Ingram","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1373735","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of monthly vitamin D supplementation in mild psoriasis","volume":"29","author":"Jarrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700597","article-title":"Photoprotection by 1,25-diydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with an increase in p53 and a decrease in nitric oxide products","volume":"127","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2004.09.010","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and analogues protect primary human keratinocytes against UVB-induced DNA damage","volume":"78","author":"De Haes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib59","first-page":"387","article-title":"Inverse association between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and non-melanoma skin cancer in elderly men","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.451","article-title":"A cohort study of vitamin D intake and melanoma risk","volume":"129","author":"Asgari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.231","article-title":"Vitamin D and nonmelanoma skin cancer in a health maintenance organization cohort","volume":"147","author":"Eide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035211","article-title":"Pre-diagnostic plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in women","volume":"7","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5439","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.1135","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels are associated with Breslow thickness at presentation and survival from melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Newton-Bishop","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib64","first-page":"3669","article-title":"Reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in stage IV melanoma patients","volume":"29","author":"Nurnberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.06.011","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and melanoma: UK case-control comparisons and a meta-analysis of published VDR data","volume":"45","author":"Randerson-Moor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11212.x","article-title":"Serum\u00a025-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in a large German cohort of patients with melanoma","volume":"168","author":"Gambichler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.5967","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer: post hoc analyses of the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.06.024","article-title":"Vitamin D and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer risk and prognosis: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Caini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3538-4","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in cutaneous malignant melanoma outcome (ViDMe): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"De Smedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E953","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10080953","article-title":"Development of vitamin D toxicity from overcorrection of vitamin D deficiency: a review of case reports","volume":"10","author":"Galior","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib71","series-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.842","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety","volume":"69","author":"Vieth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2010.00746.x","article-title":"Nicotinamide prevents ultraviolet radiation-induced cellular energy loss","volume":"86","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3282f63c15","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a new therapeutic target?","volume":"21","author":"Gero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC340105","article-title":"Oral niacin prevents photocarcinogenesis and photoimmunosuppression in mice","volume":"34","author":"Gensler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1446-8","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus in dogs: a comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Olivry","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn248","article-title":"Oral nicotinamide protects against ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression in humans","volume":"30","author":"Yiasemides","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11109.x","article-title":"Nicotinamide reduces photodynamic therapy-induced immunosuppression in humans","volume":"167","author":"Thanos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.459","article-title":"Oral nicotinamide reduces actinic keratoses in phase II double-blinded randomized controlled trials","volume":"132","author":"Surjana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1514791","article-title":"Nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention","volume":"374","author":"Drago","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3025","article-title":"Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancers with nicotinamide in transplant recipients: a case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Drago","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506197","article-title":"A phase 3 randomized trial of nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention","volume":"373","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051536","article-title":"Safety of high-dose nicotinamide: a review","volume":"43","author":"Knip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib84","series-title":"Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide (Niacin)","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1974.tb05081.x","article-title":"A new agent (hydrophilic fraction of Polypodium leucotomos) for management of psoriasis","volume":"13","author":"Padilla","year":"1974","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001001100018","article-title":"The antioxidant action of Polypodium leucotomos extract and kojic acid: reactions with reactive oxygen species","volume":"34","author":"Gomes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1996.tb00175.x","article-title":"Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, erythema and skin photosensitization by Polypodium leucotomos","volume":"12","author":"Gonzales","year":"1996","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00603.x","article-title":"A Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits solar-simulated radiation-induced TNF-alpha and iNOS expression, transcriptional activation and apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Janczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090351","article-title":"Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases UV-induced COX-2 expression and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and decreases mutagenesis in hairless mice","volume":"175","author":"Zattra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00108.x","article-title":"Topical or oral administration with an extract of Polypodium leucotomos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic reactions as well as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin","volume":"13","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.06.027","article-title":"Oral Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases ultraviolet-induced damage of human skin","volume":"51","author":"Middelkamp-Hup","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib92","first-page":"19","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract in healthy adult subjects","volume":"8","author":"Nestor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib93","first-page":"611","article-title":"A biologically based approach to acne and rosacea","volume":"17","author":"Kallis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00274.x","article-title":"Photoprotective activity of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract in 25 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses","volume":"23","author":"Caccialanza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib95","first-page":"85","article-title":"Oral Polypodium leucotomos extract photoprotective activity in 57 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses","volume":"146","author":"Caccialanza","year":"2011","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.4294","article-title":"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract as an adjunct to sunscreen in the treatment of melasma","volume":"149","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib97","first-page":"14","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Polypodium leucotomos extract in the treatment of melasma in Asian skin: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Goh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000425","article-title":"Polypodium leucotomos supplementation in the treatment of scalp actinic keratosis: could it improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy?","volume":"41","author":"Auriemma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962220307441?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962220307441?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:59:36Z","timestamp":1759273176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962220307441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962220307441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dietary supplements in dermatology: A\u00a0review of the evidence for zinc, biotin, vitamin D, nicotinamide, and Polypodium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.123","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}