{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:53:58Z","timestamp":1793332438284,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T21:41:10Z","timestamp":1593639670000},"page":"737-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":244,"title":["Oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss: A review of efficacy and safety"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Randolph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Tosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24105-2","article-title":"Mechanism of action of minoxidil sulfate-induced vasodilation: a role for increased K+ permeability","volume":"245","author":"Meisheri","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012183032516","article-title":"Reversal of baldness in patient receiving minoxidil for hypertension","volume":"303","author":"Zappacosta","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70138-2","article-title":"Dose-response study of topical minoxidil in male pattern alopecia","volume":"15","author":"Olsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12261084","article-title":"Minoxidil stimulates cutaneous blood flow in human balding scalps: pharmacodynamics by laser Doppler velocimetry and photopulse plethysmography","volume":"82","author":"Wester","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)70183-6","article-title":"Topical minoxidil for hair regrowth","volume":"11","author":"Vanderveen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198000022-00008","article-title":"Long-term treatment with minoxidil in patients with severe renal failure","volume":"2","author":"Javier","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)80077-1","article-title":"Topical minoxidil in alopecia areata","volume":"5","author":"Weiss","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12504905","article-title":"Minoxidil sulfate is the active metabolite that stimulates hair follicles","volume":"95","author":"Buhl","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12111","article-title":"Novel enzymatic assay predicts minoxidil response in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"27","author":"Goren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05785.x","article-title":"Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth","volume":"150","author":"Messenger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(88)90086-7","article-title":"Histologic response to topically applied minoxidil in male-pattern alopecia","volume":"6","author":"Abell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 I","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70006-X","article-title":"Changes in hair weight and hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia, after application of 5% and 2% topical minoxidil, placebo, or no treatment","volume":"41","author":"Price","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.119104","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to topical minoxidil solution: etiology and treatment","volume":"46","author":"Friedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00621.x","article-title":"Hypertrichosis in females applying minoxidil topical solution and in normal controls","volume":"17","author":"Dawber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02568.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis to minoxidil","volume":"13","author":"Tosti","year":"1985","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197003052821001","article-title":"Treatment of essential hypertension with a new vasodilator in combination with beta-adrenergic blockade","volume":"282","author":"Gilmore","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(77)80030-1","article-title":"Increased pulmonary vascular resistance with systemic hypertension. Effect of minoxidil and other antihypertensive agents","volume":"39","author":"Atkins","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1979.tb01657.x","article-title":"Treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil: advantages and limitations","volume":"19","author":"Campese","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.03585.x","article-title":"Minoxidil: an underused vasodilator for resistant or severe hypertension","volume":"6","author":"Sica","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000505820","article-title":"Low-dose oral minoxidil for female pattern hair loss: a unicenter descriptive study of 148 women","volume":"6","author":"Rodrigues-Barata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13838","article-title":"Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone","volume":"57","author":"Sinclair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12707","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12707","article-title":"Case series of oral minoxidil for androgenetic and traction alopecia: tolerability & the five C\u2019s of oral therapy","volume":"31","author":"Beach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.129","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of very low dose oral minoxidil 1.25 mg in male androgenetic alopecia","volume":"83","author":"Jha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.060","article-title":"Minoxidil 1 mg oral versus minoxidil 5% topical solution for the treatment of female-pattern hair loss: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"82","author":"Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15891","article-title":"Oral minoxidil bio-activation by hair follicle outer root sheath cell sulfotransferase enzymes predicts clinical efficacy in female pattern hair loss","volume":"34","author":"Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11775.1","article-title":"Treatment of chronic telogen effluvium with oral minoxidil: a retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"Sinclair","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"5S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib27","first-page":"AB113","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil 5 mg daily during 24-week treatment in male androgenetic alopecia","volume":"72","author":"Lueangarun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.04.054","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia","volume":"81","author":"Jimenez-Cauh\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.084","article-title":"Very-low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia: a study with quantitative trichoscopic documentation","volume":"82","author":"Pirmez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16616","article-title":"Treatment of male and female pattern hair loss with sublingual minoxidil: a retrospective case-series of 64 patients","author":"Sinclair","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermat Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib31","article-title":"Oral minoxidil improves background hair thickness in lichen planopilaris","author":"Vano-Galvan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib32","article-title":"Combination tofacitinib and oral minoxidil treatment for severe alopecia areata","author":"Wambier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib33","article-title":"How safe is prescribing oral minoxidil in patients allergic to topical minoxidil?","author":"Therianou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e286","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12812","article-title":"Loose anagen hair syndrome: treatment with systemic minoxidil characterised by marked hair colour change","volume":"59","author":"Cranwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2016.02.011","article-title":"Treatment of monilethrix with oral minoxidil","volume":"2","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12350","article-title":"Treatment of permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia with low dose oral minoxidil","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962220321095?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962220321095?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T22:58:31Z","timestamp":1759273111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962220321095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962220321095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss: A review of efficacy and safety","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.1009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}