{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:20:09Z","timestamp":1790698809981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T07:13:32Z","timestamp":1657264412000},"page":"1261-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Variations in genetics, biology, and phenotype of cutaneous disorders in skin of color. Part II: Differences in clinical presentation and disparities in cutaneous disorders in skin of color"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Shanice","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica B.","family":"Brown-Korsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole C.","family":"Syder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deega","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan C.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Elbuluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12237","article-title":"Eczema and sensitization to common allergens in the United States: a multiethnic, population-based study","volume":"31","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.03.033","article-title":"Lichenoid and other clinical presentations of atopic dermatitis in an inner city practice","volume":"58","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30657-0","article-title":"Pediatric dermatology in black patients","volume":"6","author":"McLaurin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02360.x","article-title":"Current epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in south-eastern Nigeria","volume":"43","author":"Nnoruka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13514","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in diverse racial and ethnic groups\u2014variations in epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2012.01740.x","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in African American children: addressing unmet needs of a common disease","volume":"29","author":"Vachiramon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.10.032","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis endotypes and implications for targeted therapeutics","volume":"143","author":"Czarnowicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13335","article-title":"Global differences in atopic dermatitis","volume":"32","author":"Suaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15574","article-title":"Distribution of atopic dermatitis lesions in United States adults","volume":"33","author":"Silverberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00806.x","article-title":"Lichen planus-like atopic dermatitis: expanding the differential diagnosis of spongiotic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Summey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.015","article-title":"The Asian atopic dermatitis phenotype combines features of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with increased TH17 polarization","volume":"136","author":"Noda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-014-0097-7","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in atopic dermatitis","volume":"4","author":"Silverberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Dermatol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04965.x","article-title":"Reliance on erythema scores may mask severe atopic dermatitis in black children compared with their white counterparts","volume":"147","author":"Ben-Gashir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.009","article-title":"The impact of skin hyperpigmentation and hyperchromia on quality of life: a cross-sectional study","volume":"77","author":"Maymone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.5.634","article-title":"In the United States, Blacks and Asian\/Pacific Islanders are more likely than whites to seek medical care for atopic dermatitis","volume":"138","author":"Janumpally","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.029","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic differences in incidence and persistence of childhood atopic dermatitis","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000034","article-title":"Associations of childhood eczema severity: a US population-based study","volume":"25","author":"Silverberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0597","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in atopic dermatitis\u2013related school absences among US children","volume":"155","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.251","article-title":"Eczema prevalence in the United States: data from the 2003 national survey of children's health","volume":"131","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12095","article-title":"Association between severe eczema in children and multiple comorbid conditions and increased healthcare utilization","volume":"24","author":"Silverberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib21","first-page":"239","article-title":"Sociocultural influences on disparities in United States children with atopic dermatitis: a narrative review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Croce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Child Adolesc Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14058","article-title":"Structural racism and its influence on the severity of atopic dermatitis in African American children","volume":"37","author":"Tackett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.02.024","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic variation in use of ambulatory and emergency care for atopic dermatitis among US children","volume":"139","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib24","first-page":"650","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in access to emerging and frontline therapies in common dermatological conditions: a cross-sectional study","volume":"112","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib25","first-page":"18","article-title":"Participation of racial\/ethnic groups in clinical trials and race-related labeling: a review of new molecular entities approved 1995-1999","volume":"93","author":"Evelyn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2012.01797.x","article-title":"Reporting, representation, and subgroup analysis of race and ethnicity in published clinical trials of atopic dermatitis in the United States between 2000 and 2009","volume":"29","author":"Hirano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18938","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in global atopic dermatitis clinical trials","volume":"183","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib28","first-page":"16","article-title":"Psoriasis in skin of color: epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation, and treatment nuances","volume":"7","author":"Alexis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.045","article-title":"The prevalence of psoriasis in African Americans: results from a population-based study","volume":"52","author":"Gelfand","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of the distribution of psoriasis subtypes in different ethno-racial groups","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0332-7","article-title":"Psoriasis in skin of color: insights into the epidemiology, clinical presentation, genetics, quality-of-life impact, and treatment of psoriasis in non-white racial\/ethnic groups","volume":"19","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.378","article-title":"Molecular phenotyping small (Asian) versus large (Western) plaque psoriasis shows common activation of IL-17 pathway genes but different regulatory gene sets","volume":"136","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0007-0963.2004.05891.x","article-title":"Psoriasis genomics: analysis of proinflammatory (type 1) gene expression in large plaque (Western) and small plaque (Asian) psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"150","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2763-3","article-title":"Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in African-American patients\u2014the need to measure disease burden","volume":"34","author":"Kerr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib35","first-page":"478","article-title":"Psoriasis in African-Americans: a caregivers' survey","volume":"11","author":"McMichael","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.08.006","article-title":"Phototherapy in skin of color","volume":"38","author":"Ware","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib37","first-page":"866","article-title":"A retrospective study to investigate racial and ethnic variations in the treatment of psoriasis with etanercept","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.02.042","article-title":"Ethnicity affects the presenting severity of psoriasis","volume":"77","author":"Abrouk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0521-z","article-title":"Secukinumab is efficacious and safe in hispanic patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: pooled analysis of four phase 3 trials","volume":"34","author":"Adsit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.03.933","article-title":"857 Psoriasis-related quality-of-life differs by race\/ethnicity","volume":"139","author":"Takeshita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.052","article-title":"Health care utilization for psoriasis in the United States differs by race: an analysis of the 2001-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys","volume":"78","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1687824","article-title":"Differences in healthcare barriers based on racial and\/or ethnic background\u00a0for patients with psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Bray","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.12.032","article-title":"Racial differences in perceptions of psoriasis therapies: implications for racial disparities in psoriasis treatment","volume":"139","author":"Takeshita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19468","article-title":"A review of current phase III clinical trials of plaque psoriasis: under-representation of nonwhite participants and need for reform","volume":"184","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.08.063","article-title":"Skin cancer in skin of color","volume":"55","author":"Gloster","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.038","article-title":"Skin cancer and photoprotection in people of color: a review and recommendations for physicians and the public","volume":"70","author":"Agbai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.17.1907","article-title":"Ethnic differences among patients with cutaneous melanoma","volume":"166","author":"Cormier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16060908","article-title":"Race-, age-, and anatomic site-specific gender differences in cutaneous melanoma suggest differential mechanisms of early-and late-onset melanoma","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2747-6","article-title":"Racial differences in six major subtypes of melanoma: descriptive epidemiology","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05713.x","article-title":"Melanoma in skin of color in Connecticut: an analysis of melanoma incidence and stage at diagnosis in non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Hispanics","volume":"53","author":"Clairwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.1116","article-title":"Melanoma in African-Americans: trends in biological behavior and clinical characteristics over two decades","volume":"78","author":"Bellows","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25355","article-title":"The expanding melanoma burden in California hispanics: importance of socioeconomic distribution, histologic subtype, and anatomic location","volume":"117","author":"Pollitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000468152","article-title":"Disparities in the presentation and management of cutaneous melanoma that required admission","volume":"95","author":"Al-Qurayshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)61033-1","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in the 21st century, part 1: epidemiology, risk factors, screening, prevention, and diagnosis","volume":"82","author":"Markovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13836","article-title":"Characteristics of melanoma in white and nonwhite children, adolescents, and young adults: analysis of a pediatric melanoma institutional registry, 1995-2018","volume":"36","author":"Afanasiev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.302","article-title":"Disparity in Melanoma: a trend analysis of melanoma incidence and stage at diagnosis among whites, Hispanics, and Blacks in Florida","volume":"145","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.06.006","article-title":"Racial disparities in melanoma survival","volume":"75","author":"Dawes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.08.097","article-title":"The ongoing racial disparities in melanoma: an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database (1975-2016)","volume":"84","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib60","series-title":"American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2021","first-page":"2021","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.049","article-title":"Survival differences in acral lentiginous melanoma according to socioeconomic status and race","volume":"86","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.094","article-title":"Racial differences in time to treatment for melanoma","volume":"83","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1706-3","article-title":"Racial differences in survival after surgical treatment for melanoma","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950115)75:2+<667::AID-CNCR2820751409>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Skin cancer in African Americans","volume":"75","author":"Halder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib65","first-page":"484","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma in skin of color","volume":"11","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890270096014","article-title":"Clinical histopathological characteristics of basal cell carcinoma in Japanese patients","volume":"132","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib67","first-page":"121","article-title":"Clinicopathologic analysis of 60 cases of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.05.009","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma in skin of color patients","volume":"37","author":"Hogue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.035","article-title":"Dermatoscopy of basal cell carcinoma: morphologic variability of global and local features and accuracy of diagnosis","volume":"62","author":"Altamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000694","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of nonmelanoma skin cancers among hispanic and asian patients compared with white patients in the United States: a 5-year, single-institution retrospective review","volume":"42","author":"Loh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810315)47:6<1436::AID-CNCR2820470632>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Cancer of the skin in blacks: a review of 128 patients with basal-cell carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Mora","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001433","article-title":"Risk of a second primary cancer after non-melanoma skin cancer in white men and women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-184168","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: a population-based study of 3884 cases","volume":"113","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.10.031","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of color","volume":"60","author":"Hinds","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib75","first-page":"633","article-title":"Racial disparities in the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with mycosis fungoides","volume":"111","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib76","first-page":"217","article-title":"Skin cancer in skin of color","volume":"21","author":"Jackson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ski Cancer Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/NJM.NJM_148_20","article-title":"Cutaneous malignant melanoma in skin of color individuals","volume":"30","author":"Anaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib78","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pruritus in black skin: unique molecular characteristics and clinical features","volume":"113","author":"McColl","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13565","article-title":"Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides: a 48-case retrospective series","volume":"62","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.070","article-title":"Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: a clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"80","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2012.06.010","article-title":"Age, race, sex, stage, and incidence of cutaneous lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.472","article-title":"Demographic patterns of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma incidence in Texas based on two different cancer registries","volume":"4","author":"Litvinov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.04.1137","article-title":"Racial disparity in mycosis fungoides: an analysis of 4495 cases from the US National Cancer Database","volume":"77","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475420972348","article-title":"Race-specific prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"25","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.220","article-title":"Ethnicity and hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"134","author":"Reeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000431037","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa management in the United States: an analysis of the national Ambulatory medical care survey and MarketScan Medicaid databases","volume":"1","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ski Appendage Disord"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14341","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa in skin of colour","volume":"30","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.06.001","article-title":"Association of hidradenitis suppurativa and keloid formation: a therapeutic challenge","volume":"5","author":"Jfri","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591580","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.591580","article-title":"The efficacy and effectiveness of non-ablative light-based devices in hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jfri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14656","article-title":"Demographic and clinical features of hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.09.012","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa is a systemic disease with substantial comorbidity burden: a chart-verified case-control analysis","volume":"71","author":"Shlyankevich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.04.067","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with low socioeconomic status (SES): a cross-sectional reference study","volume":"75","author":"Deckers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475418803077","article-title":"African American patients with hidradenitis suppurativa have significant health care disparities: a retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Soliman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2021.01.007","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa in patients of color is associated with increased disease severity and healthcare utilization: a retrospective analysis of 2 U.S. cohorts","volume":"3","author":"Kilgour","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000504911","article-title":"Race and ethnicity gaps in global hidradenitis suppurativa clinical trials","volume":"237","author":"Price","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962222022423?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962222022423?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T23:06:13Z","timestamp":1759273573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962222022423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962222022423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Variations in genetics, biology, and phenotype of cutaneous disorders in skin of color. Part II: Differences in clinical presentation and disparities in cutaneous disorders in skin of color","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.067","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0190-9622(22)02879-1","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}