{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:33:21Z","timestamp":1789684401418,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T10:02:10Z","timestamp":1722765730000},"page":"603-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cutaneous Diseases of Penoscrotal Skin\u2014Part II: Infectious and Inflammatory Dermatoses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina S.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Zampella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03533.x","article-title":"Candida balanitis: risk factors","volume":"24","author":"Lisboa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_377_16","article-title":"Penile inflammatory skin disorders and the preventive role of circumcision","volume":"8","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18954","article-title":"2022 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis","volume":"37","author":"Edwards","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.73.5.394","article-title":"Genital colonisation and infection with candida in heterosexual and homosexual males","volume":"73","author":"David","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib5","first-page":"8","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction evaluation in candidal balanoposthitis: a single centred observational study","volume":"17","author":"Dhillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fam Reprod Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2907.230025","article-title":"Sexually transmitted trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII infection among men who have sex with men","volume":"29","author":"Jabet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad519","article-title":"Sexually transmitted dermatophytes can cause severe infection among men who have sex with men as tinea genitalis","volume":"10","author":"Chromy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib8","first-page":"447","article-title":"The challenges of a neglected STI: molluscum contagiosum","volume":"147","author":"Zichichi","year":"2012","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16856","article-title":"2020 European guideline on the management of genital molluscum contagiosum","volume":"35","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.22401.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and impact of childhood molluscum contagiosum: a case series and critical review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Braue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S187224","article-title":"Molluscum contagiosum: an update and review of new perspectives in etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Meza-Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-022-00826-7","article-title":"New developing treatments for molluscum contagiosum","volume":"12","author":"Lacarrubba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib13","first-page":"871","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical nitric oxide\u2212releasing berdazimer gel in patients with molluscum contagiosum: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"158","author":"Browning","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00570-8","article-title":"Pooled results of two randomized phase III trials evaluating VP-102, a drug-device combination product containing cantharidin 0.7% (w\/v) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum","volume":"22","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1762840","article-title":"Molluscum contagiosum in pediatric patients: to treat or not to treat? Could a personalized imiquimod regimen be the answer to the dilemma?","volume":"33","author":"Gualdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis891","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women","volume":"56","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-01934-w","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in individuals with genital herpes: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Devine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-6-958","article-title":"Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations, course, and complications","volume":"98","author":"Corey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib21","author":"Feltner"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2022.03.010","article-title":"Genital herpes simplex virus-an updated review","volume":"69","author":"Omarova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30405-X","article-title":"Effect of HSV-2 infection on subsequent HIV acquisition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Looker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2471","article-title":"Daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis reduces herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among heterosexual HIV-1-uninfected men and women: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial","volume":"161","author":"Celum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E105","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001342","article-title":"Interest in hypothetical preexposure prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"48","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy295","article-title":"Effect of on-demand oral pre-exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir\/emtricitabine on herpes simplex virus-1\/2 incidence among men who have sex with men: a substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial","volume":"5","author":"Chaix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000237853.69443.71","article-title":"A comparison of one year of episodic or suppressive treatment of recurrent genital herpes with valacyclovir","volume":"34","author":"Fife","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000","volume":"36","author":"Weinstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53903","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9708","article-title":"Characteristics of human papillomaviruses infection in men with genital warts in Shanghai","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284296","article-title":"Condyloma acuminata: an evaluation of the immune response at cellular and molecular levels","volume":"18","author":"Stuqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib31","first-page":"25","article-title":"Genital warts: a comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.03.028","article-title":"Dermatoscopy of genital warts","volume":"64","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib33","first-page":"325","article-title":"Sexually transmitted coinfections in patients with anogenital warts - a retrospective analysis of 196 patients","volume":"18","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib34","first-page":"S55","article-title":"Clinical features of external genital warts","volume":"17","author":"Lynde","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18638","article-title":"Topically applied treatments for external genital warts in nonimmunocompromised patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.118","article-title":"Intralesional cidofovir for treatment of recalcitrant warts in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a retrospective analysis of 58 patients","volume":"84","author":"Anshelevich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0652","article-title":"Anogenital and respiratory tract human papillomavirus infections among children: age, gender, and potential transmission through sexual abuse","volume":"116","author":"Sinclair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01900-x","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination rates by gender identity and sexual orientation among 18-44-year-olds in the U.S","volume":"50","author":"Griffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13771","article-title":"Nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccination as alternative treatment for genital warts","volume":"33","author":"Bossart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.3499","article-title":"Resurgence of syphilis in the US-USPSTF reaffirms screening guidelines","volume":"158","author":"Amerson","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159309","article-title":"Syphilis trends among men who have sex with men in the United States and Western Europe: a systematic review of trend studies published between 2004 and 2015","volume":"11","author":"Abara","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10398","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02348-0","article-title":"Syphilis","volume":"402","author":"Peeling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.2275","article-title":"Follmann balanitis\u2014an atypical form of primary cutaneous syphilis","volume":"156","author":"Cubir\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01321","article-title":"Condyloma lata","volume":"26","author":"Walkty","year":"2021","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib47","first-page":"197","article-title":"Serological tests for syphilis","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13259","article-title":"Treatment of syphilis: a systematic review","volume":"312","author":"Clement","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934","article-title":"Postexposure doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections","volume":"388","author":"Luetkemeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323","article-title":"Monkeypox virus infection in humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022","volume":"387","author":"Thornhill","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307416","article-title":"Reversing inequity in Mpox vaccine distribution, Fulton County, Georgia, June-September 2022","volume":"113","author":"O'Neal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.03.001","article-title":"Human monkeypox: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and prevention","volume":"33","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib55","first-page":"867","article-title":"Characterization of acute-phase humoral immunity to monkeypox: use of immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of monkeypox infection during the 2003 North American outbreak","volume":"12","author":"Karem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib56","article-title":"Cases of Monkeypox show highly-overlapping co-infection with HIV and syphilis","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front public Heal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of Monkeypox","volume":"82","author":"Rizk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2021.04.007","article-title":"Male genital lichen planus: a retrospective study of 89 cases","volume":"149","author":"Amsellem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_45_19","article-title":"Genital lichen planus: an underrecognized entity","volume":"40","author":"Khurana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10868.x","article-title":"Accuracy of dermoscopic criteria for the diagnosis of psoriasis, dermatitis, lichen planus and pityriasis rosea","volume":"166","author":"Lallas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.08.011","article-title":"Annular lichen planus: a case series of 20 patients","volume":"50","author":"Reich","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1103641","article-title":"Clinical practice. Lichen planus","volume":"366","author":"Le Cleach","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.12.2293","article-title":"Peno-gingival lichen planus","volume":"76","author":"Petruzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2010.0942","article-title":"Condyloma accuminata-like hypertrophic lichen planus","volume":"20","author":"Zindanci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib66","first-page":"309","article-title":"Clinical variants of lichen planus","volume":"11","author":"Wagner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib67","first-page":"119","article-title":"Annular atrophic lichen planus responds to hydroxychloroquine and acitretin","volume":"100","author":"Eyler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05428-w","article-title":"Apremilast for genital erosive lichen planus in women (the AP-GELP Study): study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Skullerud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2022.2116926","article-title":"JAK inhibitors in lichen planus: a review of pathogenesis and treatments","volume":"33","author":"Motamed-Sanaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.01.038","article-title":"Penile carcinoma originating from lichen planus on glans penis","volume":"71","author":"Hoshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_23_17","article-title":"Nonvenereal penile dermatoses: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Marcos-Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.192128","article-title":"Zoon balanitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"37","author":"Dayal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16037","article-title":"Zoon balanitis-does it exist?","volume":"34","author":"Bunker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib74","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Zoon's balanitis","volume":"13","author":"Hugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13538","article-title":"Dermoscopy of Zoon's plasma cell balanitis","volume":"30","author":"Errichetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2592","article-title":"Foscarnet-induced penile ulceration","volume":"159","author":"Arnold","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/jvc2.141","article-title":"A retrospective study of 129 patients with plasma cell balanitis","volume":"2","author":"Jormanainen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JEADV Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.ijstd_59_21","article-title":"Successful management of Zoons balanitis with the combination of pimecrolimus and excimer laser","volume":"43","author":"Udare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03392.x","article-title":"Two cases of Zoon's balanitis treated with pimecrolimus 1% cream","volume":"47","author":"Bardazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2015.08.010","article-title":"Zoon's balanitis successfully treated with photodynamic therapy: case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Borgia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2010.10048","article-title":"Genital contact dermatitis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"21","author":"Bhate","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13748","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis in infants with emphasis on skin microbiota in the diaper area","volume":"57","author":"\u0160iki\u0107 Poga\u010dar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3844","article-title":"Evaluation of patch test findings in patients with anogenital dermatitis","volume":"156","author":"Warshaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.10.007","article-title":"Anogenital dermatitis in men who have sex with men","volume":"38","author":"McCleskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/DERM.0000000000000959","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis in sexual and gender minority patients: disparities and a call to action","volume":"34","author":"Burli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2019.01.007","article-title":"Genital dermatitis in a transgender patient returning from Thailand: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"27","author":"Schlarbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000371","article-title":"Genital allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"29","author":"Yale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.180286","article-title":"Genital contact allergy: a diagnosis missed","volume":"37","author":"Marfatia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2018.08.010","article-title":"Recalcitrant anal and genital pruritus treated with dupilumab","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Women\u2019s Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12485","article-title":"Skin disease of penis and male genitalia is linked to atopy and circumcision: caseload in a male genital dermatology clinic","volume":"58","author":"Elakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18245","article-title":"Management of psoriasis as a systemic disease: what is the evidence?","volume":"182","author":"Korman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1453125","article-title":"Prevalence of genital psoriasis in patients with psoriasis","volume":"29","author":"Meeuwis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03663.x","article-title":"Genital psoriasis: a questionnaire-based survey on a concealed skin disease in The Netherlands","volume":"24","author":"Meeuwis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12589","article-title":"Underdiagnosed and undertreated psoriasis: Nuances of treating psoriasis affecting the scalp, face, intertriginous areas, genitals, hands, feet, and nails","volume":"31","author":"Merola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.1127","article-title":"Genital psoriasis is associated with significant impairment in quality of life and sexual functioning","volume":"72","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-019-00447-5","article-title":"Genital psoriasis: impact on quality of life and treatment options","volume":"20","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0988","article-title":"Genital psoriasis: a systematic literature review on this hidden skin disease","volume":"91","author":"Meeuwis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247835","article-title":"Evaluation of capillary density in psoriasis: an intrapatient study and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Micali","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0213-2","article-title":"The development of a patient-reported outcome measure for assessment of genital psoriasis symptoms: the genital psoriasis symptoms scale (GPSS)","volume":"8","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2008.07055","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of topical tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of male genital psoriasis","volume":"12","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103629","article-title":"Phase 3 trials of Tapinarof cream for plaque psoriasis","volume":"385","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00536-6","article-title":"Genital and inverse\/intertriginous psoriasis: an updated review of therapies and recommendations for practical management","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16736","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase IIIb study of patients with moderate-to-severe genital psoriasis","volume":"179","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)00464-X","article-title":"Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis","volume":"49","author":"Rosen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e395","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15007","article-title":"Non-venereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis","volume":"59","author":"Bhanja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54158-0","article-title":"Surgical management of persistent, symptomatic nonvenereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis","volume":"127","author":"Broaddus","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.113","article-title":"Red scrotum syndrome: an update on clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"87","author":"Khalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04548.x","article-title":"Red scrotum syndrome: successful treatment with oral doxycycline","volume":"51","author":"Byun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1071\/SH13052","article-title":"Red scrotum syndrome: idiopathic neurovascular phenomenon or steroid addiction?","volume":"10","author":"Narang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.2.268-b","article-title":"Rebound vasodilation from long-term topical corticosteroid use","volume":"143","author":"Rapaport","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.06.021","article-title":"Carvedilol for the treatment of red scrotum syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Merhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14463","article-title":"Managing red scrotum syndrome (RSS) with topical timolol","volume":"58","author":"Pyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1773378","article-title":"Oral ivermectin for the treatment of red scrotum syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2019.31.3.320","article-title":"Red scrotum syndrome treatment with pregabalin: a case series","volume":"31","author":"Cardenas-De La Garza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.01.018","article-title":"Treatment of male genital dysesthesia with botulinum toxin","volume":"10","author":"Raef","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962224025696?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962224025696?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:08:27Z","timestamp":1755648507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962224025696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962224025696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cutaneous Diseases of Penoscrotal Skin\u2014Part II: Infectious and Inflammatory Dermatoses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.104","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.103","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}