{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:34:45Z","timestamp":1792618485998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T10:56:51Z","timestamp":1750503411000},"page":"956-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ocular and auditory comorbidities in patients with vitiligo: A nationwide population-based study in the Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Do Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Jee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ik Jun","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong Hyun","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Eun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Min","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x","article-title":"A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children\/adolescents and adults","volume":"51","author":"Kruger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: mechanisms of pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2787","article-title":"Mental health and psychosocial quality-of-life burden among patients with vitiligo: findings from the global VALIANT study","volume":"159","author":"Bibeau","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","article-title":"Role of ocular melanin in ophthalmic physiology and pathology","volume":"84","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22279","article-title":"Development of the stria vascularis and potassium regulation in the human fetal cochlea: insights into hereditary sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"75","author":"Locher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1999.tb00518.x","article-title":"Sound needs sound melanocytes to be heard","volume":"12","author":"Tachibana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.110879","article-title":"Inflammatory vitiligo in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"44","author":"Tsuruta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib8","first-page":"449","article-title":"Vitiligo, poliosis unilateral con retinitis pigmentaria y hypoacusia","volume":"9","author":"Casala","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Argent Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00750.x","article-title":"Waardenburg syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Dourmishev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib10","first-page":"105","article-title":"Human melanocyte biology, toxicology, and pathology","volume":"23","author":"Tolleson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1266\/ggs.17-00058","article-title":"Melanocytes contribute to the vasculature of the choroid","volume":"93","author":"Shibuya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Genet Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000697","article-title":"Distribution of melanocytes in the human cochlea","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.00017.x","article-title":"Cochlear melanocytes and MITF signaling","volume":"6","author":"Tachibana","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/21695717.2018.1461488","article-title":"Melanin in human vestibular organs: what do we know now? An ultrastructural study and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Palma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hearing Balance Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02777-9","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of vitiligo: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"LeWitt","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17815","article-title":"Association of vitiligo with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Lien","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib17","first-page":"799","article-title":"Data resource profile: the national health information database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Cheol Seong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01223","article-title":"Markedly reduced risk of internal malignancies in patients with vitiligo: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Bae","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19404-z","article-title":"Sudden sensory neural hearing loss is not predictive of myocardial infarction: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13558","article-title":"Bidirectional analysis of the association between Meniere's disease and depression: two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-220085","article-title":"Incidence of peripheral vestibular disorders based on population data of South Korea","volume":"33","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309829","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Rim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.03.012","article-title":"New ICD-10 version of the Charlson comorbidity index predicted in-hospital mortality","volume":"57","author":"Sundararajan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib24","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation oxidative stress affects eye health","volume":"11","author":"Ivanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.036","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in patients with vitiligo: a nationwide population-based cohort study from Korea","volume":"79","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14055","article-title":"Comorbidities in vitiligo: comprehensive review","volume":"57","author":"Dahir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13031","article-title":"Evaluation of ocular findings in patients with vitiligo","volume":"55","author":"Karadag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e466","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12779","article-title":"Tear functions in patients with vitiligo","volume":"54","author":"Gungor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001469","article-title":"Dry eye assessment in patients with vitiligo","volume":"37","author":"Erdur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.38","article-title":"Evaluation of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction with meibography in vitiligo","volume":"31","author":"Palamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(79)35413-6","article-title":"Ocular abnormalities occurring with vitiligo","volume":"86","author":"Albert","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S255554","article-title":"Assessment of the effect of vitiligo on subfoveal choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"14","author":"Fouad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475415615325","article-title":"Screening of glaucoma or cataract prevalence in vitiligo patients and its relationship with periorbital steroid use","volume":"20","author":"Khurrum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0796-0","article-title":"Decreased choroidal thickness in vitiligo patients","volume":"18","author":"Demirkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib35","first-page":"E21","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in patients with vitiligo","volume":"97","author":"Dertlioglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib36","first-page":"21","article-title":"Vitiligo and glaucoma - an association or a coincidence? A pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Rogosic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70136-9","article-title":"Ocular disturbances in vitiligo","volume":"15","author":"Cowan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3958-0","article-title":"Prevalence of choroidal nevus and retinal pigment epithelial alterations in vitiligo patients","volume":"256","author":"Fleissig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.67.3.153","article-title":"Vitiligo and disorders of the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"67","author":"Albert","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib40","first-page":"233","article-title":"The assessment of macular electrophysiology and macular morphology in patients with vitiligo","volume":"38","author":"Aydin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-014-9425-2","article-title":"Electrophysiologic evaluation of retinal function in patients with psoriasis and vitiligo","volume":"128","author":"Shoeibi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae035","article-title":"Association between vitiligo and risk of retinal detachment: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.12.029","article-title":"Association between vitiligo and hearing loss","volume":"85","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40658-8","article-title":"A nationwide, population-based cohort study on potential autoimmune association of meniere disease to atopy and vitiligo","volume":"9","author":"Hahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2017.07.001","article-title":"Assessment of auditory and vestibular functions in vitiligo patients","volume":"12","author":"Dawoud","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2020.04.001","article-title":"Causes and treatment of idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo based on endocrinological and other metabolic factors","volume":"15","author":"Guerra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047_bib47","article-title":"Update on vertigo in autoimmune disorders, from diagnosis to treatment","volume":"2018","author":"Girasoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962225023771?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962225023771?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:23:15Z","timestamp":1758198195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962225023771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962225023771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ocular and auditory comorbidities in patients with vitiligo: A nationwide population-based study in the Republic of Korea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}