{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:58:53Z","timestamp":1776409133605,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaad.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:30:01Z","timestamp":1770697801000},"page":"1477-1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-office compounding of buffered lidocaine and epinephrine \u2013 A stability and safety review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Seemal R.","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison T.","family":"Vidimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund J.","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gigi","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murad","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett M.","family":"Coldiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Hruza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon H.","family":"Kircik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelley Pagliai","family":"Redbord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabra","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Albany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031302100413","article-title":"The effect of buffering on pain and duration of local anesthetic in the face: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Afolabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.01.022","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of local anesthesia in office-based dermatologic surgery","volume":"76","author":"Kouba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-03460-4","article-title":"A review and new insights to antimicrobial action of local anesthetics","volume":"38","author":"Razavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.05.001","article-title":"The antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine, lidocaine and mepivacaine against equine pathogens: an investigation of 40 bacterial isolates","volume":"223","author":"Adler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2007.036","article-title":"Local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents: a review","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000624","article-title":"Safety of prefilled buffered lidocaine syringes with and without epinephrine","volume":"42","author":"Pate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.09028.x","article-title":"Prefilled syringes: safe and effective","volume":"25","author":"Melman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1993.tb00339.x","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of lidocaine in combination with a bicarbonate buffer","volume":"19","author":"Thompson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1991.tb03975.x","article-title":"Stability of buffered lidocaine and epinephrine used for local anesthesia","volume":"17","author":"Larson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101_bib10","first-page":"375","article-title":"Buffered lidocaine hydrochloride solution with and without epinephrine: stability in polypropylene syringes","volume":"62","author":"Pascuet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962225029809?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0190962225029809?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:08:31Z","timestamp":1776406111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0190962225029809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0190962225029809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0190-9622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0190-9622","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In-office compounding of buffered lidocaine and epinephrine \u2013 A stability and safety review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.09.101","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}