{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:32:49Z","timestamp":1787160769906,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaapos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]],"date-time":"2014-11-15T15:13:46Z","timestamp":1416064426000},"page":"590-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in primary congenital glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"M. Reza","family":"Razeghinejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Kaffashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Nowroozzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib1","first-page":"308","article-title":"The epidemiology of pediatric glaucoma: the Toronto experience","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(05)70248-0","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pediatric glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00281.x","article-title":"Medical and surgical aspects of congenital glaucoma","volume":"73","author":"Turach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00303-X","article-title":"Latanoprost for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Enyedi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2005.05.006","article-title":"Medical therapy of pediatric glaucoma and glaucoma in pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Maris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib6","first-page":"43","article-title":"Topical versus oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy for pediatric glaucoma","volume":"2","author":"Portellos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib7","first-page":"464","article-title":"The additive effect of topical dorzolamide and systemic acetazolamide in pediatric glaucoma","volume":"10","author":"Sabri","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"issue":"28 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(83)90145-5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of timolol in pediatric glaucoma","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34484-5","article-title":"Trabeculotomy compared to goniotomy for glaucoma in children","volume":"90","author":"Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib10","first-page":"321","article-title":"Prognosis of goniotomy in primary infantile glaucoma (trabeculodysgenesis)","volume":"80","author":"Shaffer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(83)90260-X","article-title":"Goniotomy vs external trabeculotomy for developmental glaucoma","volume":"95","author":"McPherson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32834922d2","article-title":"Genetics of primary glaucoma","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.7.413","article-title":"Congenital glaucoma in the West Bank and Gaza Strip","volume":"77","author":"Elder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.73.8.608","article-title":"Trabeculectomy versus trabeculotomy in congenital glaucoma","volume":"73","author":"Debnath","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.6.499","article-title":"Long-term follow up of primary trabeculectomy for infantile glaucoma","volume":"80","author":"Fulcher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200406000-00010","article-title":"Comparison between results of trabeculectomy in primary congenital glaucoma with and without the use of mitomycin C","volume":"13","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.080","article-title":"Nonpenetrating external trabeculectomy for congenital glaucoma: a retrospective study","volume":"114","author":"Roche","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00671-7","article-title":"Outcome of surgery on infants younger than 1 month with congenital glaucoma","volume":"110","author":"Mandal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib19","first-page":"794","article-title":"Cyclocryotherapy in selected cases of congenital glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"al Faran","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-19950901-05","article-title":"Contact transscleral Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of refractory pediatric glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Phelan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150188007","article-title":"Initial clinical experience with the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant in pediatric patients","volume":"115","author":"Coleman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00292-X","article-title":"The Ahmed valve in refractory pediatric glaucoma","volume":"127","author":"Englert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19910301-04","article-title":"Clinical experience with the Molteno implant in advanced infantile glaucoma","volume":"28","author":"Munoz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib24","first-page":"576","article-title":"Results of the Susanna implant in patients with refractory primary congenital glaucoma","volume":"8","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34179-3","article-title":"Trabeculectomy in young patients","volume":"91","author":"Gressel","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30051-7","article-title":"Bleb-related ocular infection in children after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C","volume":"104","author":"Waheed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19970701-11","article-title":"Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for refractory pediatric glaucomas","volume":"34","author":"Bock","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib28","first-page":"10","article-title":"Endocyclophotocoagulation for pediatric glaucoma: a tale of two cities","volume":"11","author":"Alvarado","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib29","first-page":"55","article-title":"Children with advanced glaucoma treated with drainig implants","volume":"1","author":"Molteno","year":"1973","journal-title":"S\u00a0Afr Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2005.05.009","article-title":"Glaucoma drainage implants in\u00a0pediatric patients","volume":"18","author":"Ishida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib31","first-page":"723","article-title":"Glaucoma drainage implants in pediatric patients","volume":"24","author":"Netland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30193-6","article-title":"Long-term effects of tube-shunt procedures on management of refractory childhood glaucoma","volume":"104","author":"Eid","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199504000-00005","article-title":"Experience with the baerveldt implant in young patients with complicated glaucomas","volume":"4","author":"Fellenbaum","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32179-1","article-title":"Molteno implantation for glaucoma in young patients","volume":"98","author":"Hill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib35","first-page":"33","article-title":"Aqueous drainage device surgery in refractory pediatric glaucomas: I. Long-term outcomes","volume":"12","author":"O'Malley Schotthoefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00603-5","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and risk factors of time to failure of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant in pediatric patients","volume":"108","author":"Djodeyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02274-2","article-title":"The Ahmed drainage implant in the treatment of pediatric glaucoma","volume":"135","author":"Morad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.11.014","article-title":"Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for acute angle closure not treated or previously treated by laser iridotomy","volume":"32","author":"Imaizumi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20050901-09","article-title":"Ahmed valve surgery for refractory pediatric glaucoma: a report of 52 eyes","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.267","article-title":"Outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in children with primary congenital glaucoma","volume":"127","author":"Ou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.150037","article-title":"Complications and 2-year valve survival following Ahmed valve implantation during the first 2 years of life","volume":"93","author":"Almobarak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.151258","article-title":"Comparison of polypropylene and silicone Ahmed valve survival 2 years following implantation in the first 2 years of life","volume":"93","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000243477.82779.31","article-title":"Comparison of silicone and polypropylene Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implants","volume":"16","author":"Brasil","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.03.030","article-title":"Two-year survival of Ahmed valve implantation in the first 2 years of life with and without intraoperative mitomycin-C","volume":"116","author":"Al-Mobarak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91049-1","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical study of the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant in advanced glaucoma","volume":"105","author":"Ayyala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00630-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the hypertensive phase after insertion of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve","volume":"136","author":"Nouri-Mahdavi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008_bib47","first-page":"379","article-title":"Cyclophotocoagulation versus sequential tube shunt as a secondary intervention following primary tube shunt failure in pediatric glaucoma","volume":"13","author":"Sood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"}],"container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853114005151?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853114005151?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T20:20:46Z","timestamp":1761078046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1091853114005151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1091853114005151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-8531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-8531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in primary congenital glaucoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}