{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T09:56:11Z","timestamp":1775210171450,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaapos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T17:02:54Z","timestamp":1504544574000},"page":"433-436.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy I.","family":"Mudie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Inns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael X.","family":"Repka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib1","author":"National Center for Education Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3622","article-title":"Ophthalmic abnormalities and reading impairment","volume":"135","author":"Creavin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e818","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3670","article-title":"Learning Disabilities, dyslexia and vision","volume":"127","author":"Handler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014772","article-title":"Visual perceptual difficulties and underachievement at school in a large community-based sample of children","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20111101-03","article-title":"Reading skills in children and adults with albinism: the role of visual impairment","volume":"49","author":"MacDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.006","article-title":"Neurodevelopment in children with albinism","volume":"115","author":"Kutzbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(02)00104-9","article-title":"Reading disorders in children","volume":"50","author":"Olitsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/0938-8982.00023","article-title":"Predicting, explaining, and preventing children's reading difficulties","volume":"16","author":"McCardle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Learn Disabil Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib9","series-title":"Teaching children to read: an evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction","author":"National Reading Panel","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(74)90101-5","article-title":"Explicit syllable and phoneme segmentation in the young child","volume":"18","author":"Lieberman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.33.3.5","article-title":"Everything you wanted to know about phonics (but were afraid to ask)","volume":"33","author":"Stahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reading Res Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532799XSSR0503_3","article-title":"Oral reading fluency as an indicator of reading competence: a theoretical, empirical, and historical analysis","volume":"5","author":"Fuchs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci Stud Read"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib13","series-title":"Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children","author":"Snow","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib14","series-title":"What classroom observations reveal about reading comprehension instruction. Technical Report No. 106","author":"Durkin","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.6.1351","article-title":"Persistence of dyslexia: the Connecticut longitudinal study at adolescence","volume":"104","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib16","first-page":"3","article-title":"Developmental lag versus deficit models of reading disability: a longitudinal, individual growth curves analysis","volume":"88","author":"Francis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Educ Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib17","first-page":"349","article-title":"Seven-year longitudinal study of the early prediction of reading achievement","volume":"77","author":"Butler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Educ Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2008.12.025","article-title":"Early educational milestones as predictors of lifelong academic achievement, midlife adjustment, and longevity","volume":"30","author":"Kern","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib19","series-title":"Guided Reading: Good First Teaching for All Children","first-page":"177","author":"Fountas","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib20","author":"US Department of Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01659","article-title":"Reading ability development from kindergarten to junior secondary: latent transition analyses with growth mixture modeling","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/10573560903547445","article-title":"Children and adolescents from poverty and reading development: a research review","volume":"26","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Read Writ Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2014.994251","article-title":"Explaining variance in comprehension for students in a high-poverty setting","volume":"32","author":"Conradi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Read Writ Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12652","article-title":"Reading abilities in school-aged preterm children: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kovachy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib25","series-title":"Woodcock-Johnson III Diagnostic Reading Battery","author":"Woodcock","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib26","series-title":"DIBELS Next Assessment Manual","author":"Good","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib27","series-title":"Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing - Second Edition (CTOPP-2)","author":"Wagner","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib28","series-title":"Manual for the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests","author":"Woodcock","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib29","series-title":"Benchmark Assessment System","author":"Fountas","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib30","series-title":"The Developmental Reading Assessment. 2nd ed. (DRA2)","author":"Beaver","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib31","series-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test","author":"Dunn","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib32","series-title":"Inc. AIMSweb Reading","author":"Pearson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib33","series-title":"i-Ready K-12 Diagnostic","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib34","series-title":"Technical manual for measures of academic progress and measures of academic progress for primary grades","author":"Northwest Evaluation Association","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib35","series-title":"An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement","author":"Clay","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib36","series-title":"PAR: Predictive Assessment of Reading: Pre-K to Grade. 3rd ed. Technical Manual","author":"Wood","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib37","series-title":"Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation","author":"Williams","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib38","series-title":"SRI College & Career: Technical Guide","author":"Scholastic, Inc","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib40","series-title":"Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests","author":"MacGinitie","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib41","series-title":"GORT4: Gray Oral Reading Tests","author":"Wiederhollt","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib42","series-title":"Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening for Kindergarten (PALS-K)","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib43","series-title":"Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening for grades one through three","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib44","series-title":"Diagnostic Assessments of Reading: Second Edition technical manual","author":"Roswell","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib45","series-title":"Early Reading Diagnostic Assessment","author":"The Psychological Corporation","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib46","series-title":"Qualitative Reading Inventory","author":"Leslie","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib47","series-title":"Test of Word Reading Efficiency \u2013 Second Edition (TOWRE-2)","author":"Torgesen","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1598\/RT.49.1.3","article-title":"A\u00a0Test for Assessing Phonemic Awareness in Young Children","volume":"49","author":"Yopp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Read Teach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.023","article-title":"Uncorrected hyperopia and preschool early literacy: results of the Vision in Preschoolers\u2013Hyperopia in Preschoolers (VIP-HIP) Study","volume":"123","author":"Kulp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853117304822?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853117304822?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T20:22:34Z","timestamp":1761078154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1091853117304822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1091853117304822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-8531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-8531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pediatric ophthalmology and childhood reading difficulties","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}